Sound and Light Chapter 12. Sound A longitudinal wave that spreads in all directions Speed depends...
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Transcript of Sound and Light Chapter 12. Sound A longitudinal wave that spreads in all directions Speed depends...
![Page 1: Sound and Light Chapter 12. Sound A longitudinal wave that spreads in all directions Speed depends on medium –Solids and liquids = quick movement –Gasses.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/5697bfee1a28abf838cb9787/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Sound and Light
Chapter 12
![Page 2: Sound and Light Chapter 12. Sound A longitudinal wave that spreads in all directions Speed depends on medium –Solids and liquids = quick movement –Gasses.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/5697bfee1a28abf838cb9787/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Sound
A longitudinal wave that spreads in all directions
Speed depends on medium– Solids and liquids = quick movement– Gasses = slower movement– Increase temperature = increase speed
![Page 3: Sound and Light Chapter 12. Sound A longitudinal wave that spreads in all directions Speed depends on medium –Solids and liquids = quick movement –Gasses.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/5697bfee1a28abf838cb9787/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Intensity
Loudness of the sound– Increase amplitude = increase energy =
increase loudness = increase intensity– Increase distance = decrease intensity
Measured in decibels (dB)
![Page 4: Sound and Light Chapter 12. Sound A longitudinal wave that spreads in all directions Speed depends on medium –Solids and liquids = quick movement –Gasses.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/5697bfee1a28abf838cb9787/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Intensity
![Page 5: Sound and Light Chapter 12. Sound A longitudinal wave that spreads in all directions Speed depends on medium –Solids and liquids = quick movement –Gasses.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/5697bfee1a28abf838cb9787/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Pitch
Perceived loudness of a sound
Depends on frequency– Increase frequency = increase pitch
![Page 6: Sound and Light Chapter 12. Sound A longitudinal wave that spreads in all directions Speed depends on medium –Solids and liquids = quick movement –Gasses.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/5697bfee1a28abf838cb9787/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Infrasound vs. Ultrasound
Infrasound– Frequency below 20 Hz– Hard for human to hear (too low)
Ultrasound– Frequency above 20,000 Hz– Hard for human to hear (too high)
![Page 7: Sound and Light Chapter 12. Sound A longitudinal wave that spreads in all directions Speed depends on medium –Solids and liquids = quick movement –Gasses.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/5697bfee1a28abf838cb9787/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Uses of Sound
Sonar– Sound Navigation and Ranging– Reflect sound waves to show distance
Sonogram– Echoes (reflections) of very high frequency
sound waves – Can see inside animals
Are these infrasound or ultrasound?
![Page 8: Sound and Light Chapter 12. Sound A longitudinal wave that spreads in all directions Speed depends on medium –Solids and liquids = quick movement –Gasses.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/5697bfee1a28abf838cb9787/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Uses of Sound
Musical Instruments– Produce sound by vibrating air, solids, and
strings– Resonance helps produce the sound
• One vibrating object causes another object to vibrate
![Page 9: Sound and Light Chapter 12. Sound A longitudinal wave that spreads in all directions Speed depends on medium –Solids and liquids = quick movement –Gasses.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/5697bfee1a28abf838cb9787/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Light
Can be explained as waves– Electromagnetic waves– Spread in all directions– Used to explain most of the light we see
Can be explained as particles– A stream of tiny particles (photons) moving
very quickly
![Page 10: Sound and Light Chapter 12. Sound A longitudinal wave that spreads in all directions Speed depends on medium –Solids and liquids = quick movement –Gasses.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/5697bfee1a28abf838cb9787/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Speed of Light
Fastest in a vaccum– 3 x 108 m/s (186,000 mi/s)
Other speeds depend on the medium– Slows down in all cases– Gas is the fastest, then water, then
transparent solids
![Page 11: Sound and Light Chapter 12. Sound A longitudinal wave that spreads in all directions Speed depends on medium –Solids and liquids = quick movement –Gasses.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/5697bfee1a28abf838cb9787/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Intensity of Light
Brightness of light– Increase energy = increase brightness =
increase intensity– Increase distance = decrease intensity
![Page 12: Sound and Light Chapter 12. Sound A longitudinal wave that spreads in all directions Speed depends on medium –Solids and liquids = quick movement –Gasses.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/5697bfee1a28abf838cb9787/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Reflection of Light
Smooth surfaces reflection light in one direction
Flat surface
In-coming wave Incident wave
Out-going wave Reflected wave
![Page 13: Sound and Light Chapter 12. Sound A longitudinal wave that spreads in all directions Speed depends on medium –Solids and liquids = quick movement –Gasses.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/5697bfee1a28abf838cb9787/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Law of Reflection
Angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection
Flat surface
Incident angle
Reflected angle
![Page 14: Sound and Light Chapter 12. Sound A longitudinal wave that spreads in all directions Speed depends on medium –Solids and liquids = quick movement –Gasses.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/5697bfee1a28abf838cb9787/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Reflections of Light
Rough surfaces reflect light in many directions
Roughsurface
![Page 15: Sound and Light Chapter 12. Sound A longitudinal wave that spreads in all directions Speed depends on medium –Solids and liquids = quick movement –Gasses.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/5697bfee1a28abf838cb9787/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Reflection of Light
Mirrors can cause reflections to change– Flat mirrors create virtual images
• Image that appears to be behind or far away from where you are looking
– Curved mirrors create distortions (changes)
• Convex = bulge out = stretch image• Concave = curve in = compress image
![Page 16: Sound and Light Chapter 12. Sound A longitudinal wave that spreads in all directions Speed depends on medium –Solids and liquids = quick movement –Gasses.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/5697bfee1a28abf838cb9787/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Reflections
ConcaveConvex
![Page 17: Sound and Light Chapter 12. Sound A longitudinal wave that spreads in all directions Speed depends on medium –Solids and liquids = quick movement –Gasses.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/5697bfee1a28abf838cb9787/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Light at all possible energies, frequencies, and wavelengths
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Electromagnetic Spectrum
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Bending of Light
Light will bend as it passes from one medium to another– Known as refraction
Happens in the air to create a mirage– A virtual image that happens mostly as the
atmosphere heats up
![Page 20: Sound and Light Chapter 12. Sound A longitudinal wave that spreads in all directions Speed depends on medium –Solids and liquids = quick movement –Gasses.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/5697bfee1a28abf838cb9787/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Bending of LightLight is made of all colors so it appears white
Can be bent through a prism to separate white light into all colors – Known as dispersion
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Color of Objects
Objects have color because of what is reflected
All light hits an object– White light hits– Some colors absorbed– Some colors reflected -
this the color you see