Sorsogon City Climate Sorsogon City Climate Vulnerability and Adaptation (V&A) Vulnerability and Adaptation (V&A)

Assessment.Assessment.

“ “ to validate City exposure to to validate City exposure to climate change impact and define climate change impact and define

its sensitivities and adaptive its sensitivities and adaptive capacities”capacities”

V&A Assessment ProcessV&A Assessment Process

Formation of Technical Working GroupFormation of Technical Working Group Definition and agreement on objective and Definition and agreement on objective and

framework framework Localizing of climate change Localizing of climate change

scenario/exposurescenario/exposure Assessment of sensitivities (hotspots!)Assessment of sensitivities (hotspots!) Ground truthing of findings thru FGDs with Ground truthing of findings thru FGDs with

communitiescommunities

Sorsogon City CC Exposure/ScenarioSorsogon City CC Exposure/Scenario

Risk is Risk is Very HighVery High on on combined risks to combined risks to typhoons, drought typhoons, drought caused by El Nino, caused by El Nino, projected rainfall projected rainfall change and change and projected projected temperature increase temperature increase according to the according to the DENR/Manila DENR/Manila Observatory data Observatory data

Sorsogon City CC Exposure/ScenarioSorsogon City CC Exposure/Scenario

1. Tropical Cyclones1. Tropical Cyclones

The city is situated in The city is situated in the country’s the country’s geographical zone 6 geographical zone 6 where at least 3 where at least 3 cyclones every two cyclones every two years pass years pass ((PINCCCPINCCC))

2006 super typhoons 2006 super typhoons Milenyo and Reming Milenyo and Reming devastated the citydevastated the city

Sorsogon City CC Exposure/ScenarioSorsogon City CC Exposure/Scenario

2. Temperature Change :2. Temperature Change :

2-3 degrees centigrade 2-3 degrees centigrade increase in temperatureincrease in temperature

3. Increased Precipitation3. Increased Precipitation 50% increase in annual 50% increase in annual

rainfallrainfall 4. Sea Level Rise4. Sea Level Rise Increasing trend in annual Increasing trend in annual

mean sea level occurred mean sea level occurred since 1970since 1970

Sensitivity: City HotspotsSensitivity: City Hotspots

HOTSPOTS

HOTSPOTS

Storm Surge & SLR

Flooding

Land Slide

Sensitivity to Tropical Cyclones/Storm SurgeSensitivity to Tropical Cyclones/Storm Surge

City Center

Sensitivity to Flooding and Land SlideSensitivity to Flooding and Land Slide

City Center

Flooding Landslide

Sensitivity to Sea Level RiseSensitivity to Sea Level RiseUrban and Urbanizing Barangays threatened with SLR

City Center

Barangay SiranganBarangay Sirangan

Sirangan simulated with SLR of 0.5mSirangan simulated with SLR of 0.5m

Sirangan simulated with SLR of 1.0mSirangan simulated with SLR of 1.0m

Sirangan simulated with SLR of 2mSirangan simulated with SLR of 2m

Sensitivity: City HotspotsSensitivity: City Hotspots

Barangay Classification Land Area (Ha) Population

Balogo Urban 152.85 5251

Bitan-O Urban 19.20 3028

Cabid-an Urban 223.56 5426

Cambulaga Urbanizing 37.10 4097

Piot Urban 65.96 2572

Sampaloc Urban 12.58 5214

Sirangan Urban 4.96 2491

Talisay Urban 12.40 2660

Poblacion Urban 174.51 4882

Sto. Nino Rural 385.13 2008

Osiao Rural 1015.66 2721

Gimaloto Rural 143 907

Findings, Implications and ChallengesFindings, Implications and Challenges

HOTSPOTS

HOTSPOTS

Findings, Implications and ChallengesFindings, Implications and Challenges

Governance and Development ProgrammingGovernance and Development Programming

The land use plan must be revisited considering the projected The land use plan must be revisited considering the projected risks were found in the built environment (hotspots).risks were found in the built environment (hotspots).

There are also hotspots in the Agricultural (Osiao and Sto. There are also hotspots in the Agricultural (Osiao and Sto. Nino) and Mangrove areas (Gimaloto). This would have Nino) and Mangrove areas (Gimaloto). This would have implications on the existing city agri and environment implications on the existing city agri and environment programs.programs.

The city has not considered yet the risks areas and climate The city has not considered yet the risks areas and climate change impacts into its physical development planning.change impacts into its physical development planning.

Data and information management needs to be developed Data and information management needs to be developed (GIS, Knowledge Management)(GIS, Knowledge Management)

Findings, Implications and ChallengesFindings, Implications and Challenges

Governance and Disaster Risk Management:Governance and Disaster Risk Management:

- Need to strengthen CDCC and BDCC Need to strengthen CDCC and BDCC including coordination systems with the including coordination systems with the Provincial and Regional levelsProvincial and Regional levels

- Integration of climate change and DRM in the Integration of climate change and DRM in the development planning of the Citydevelopment planning of the City

- Enhancing preparedness and mitigation Enhancing preparedness and mitigation

Findings, Implications and ChallengesFindings, Implications and Challenges

Governance and Institutional Coordination:Governance and Institutional Coordination:

- Given the complexities of City CC sensitivity, the Given the complexities of City CC sensitivity, the different tiers of local government and other different tiers of local government and other stakeholders need to improve coordination and stakeholders need to improve coordination and collaboration mechanismscollaboration mechanisms

- Support of private sector (from within and outside Support of private sector (from within and outside the city) in Climate Risk Management is still very the city) in Climate Risk Management is still very limited thus needs strengthening limited thus needs strengthening

Findings, Implications and ChallengesFindings, Implications and Challenges

Settlements/Built-Up Area:

Most of the Hotspots are host to major commercial and Most of the Hotspots are host to major commercial and residential areas residential areas

Total population in the hotspots is 41,257 where 35,621 is at the Total population in the hotspots is 41,257 where 35,621 is at the urban and urbanizing barangays urban and urbanizing barangays

Informal settlers are located in the shorelines of the hotspots Informal settlers are located in the shorelines of the hotspots

Poverty Incidence: 43% Poverty Incidence: 43%

Given increased precipitation and flooding in some areas, urban Given increased precipitation and flooding in some areas, urban slums are at high risk to climate related diseases and illnesses.slums are at high risk to climate related diseases and illnesses.

Limited knowledge on climate change was emphasized during Limited knowledge on climate change was emphasized during FGDs with communitiesFGDs with communities

A large number of housing structures in the hotspots are made A large number of housing structures in the hotspots are made of light materials while the protective community structure (sea of light materials while the protective community structure (sea wall) is aging, damaged, and needs repairwall) is aging, damaged, and needs repair

Vulnerable to flooding 36.6%

24%Vulnerable to multiple hazards

22,000+ women at risk

Findings, Implications and ChallengesFindings, Implications and Challenges

Economy and ProductivityEconomy and Productivity

Agriculture: 2,482 has. of rice paddies tilled by 3,313 farmers and Agriculture: 2,482 has. of rice paddies tilled by 3,313 farmers and 9,930 has. of coconut areas managed by 7,272 farmers are 9,930 has. of coconut areas managed by 7,272 farmers are vulnerable to tropical cyclonesvulnerable to tropical cyclones

Following the sea level-rise scenarios of 0.5 m, 1.0 m of the IPCC Following the sea level-rise scenarios of 0.5 m, 1.0 m of the IPCC as well as the 2.0 m worst case scenario, the downtown area as well as the 2.0 m worst case scenario, the downtown area where major commercial establishments are located would be where major commercial establishments are located would be affected by land inundation.affected by land inundation.

The tourism sector which is highly weather/climate dependent are The tourism sector which is highly weather/climate dependent are facing risks. The revenues of beach resorts and the parks located facing risks. The revenues of beach resorts and the parks located in the coastal areas as well as the income of small traders and in the coastal areas as well as the income of small traders and micro-entrepreneurs linked with tourism establishments would be micro-entrepreneurs linked with tourism establishments would be affected.affected.

Findings, Implications and ChallengesFindings, Implications and Challenges

Environmental Management and Climate Change MitigationEnvironmental Management and Climate Change Mitigation

The fishing communities’ adaptation to climate change impacts could be The fishing communities’ adaptation to climate change impacts could be strained with the degradation of coastal and marine resources.strained with the degradation of coastal and marine resources.

The forest cover of the city should still be improved as run-offs still causes The forest cover of the city should still be improved as run-offs still causes floods. with heavier rainfalls and stronger typhoons due to climate change, floods. with heavier rainfalls and stronger typhoons due to climate change, the built environment is facing a great deal of risks from flash floods and the built environment is facing a great deal of risks from flash floods and erosion. This issue also limits carbon sequestration capabilities of the city.erosion. This issue also limits carbon sequestration capabilities of the city.

Residential electricity users contribute the highest in the City Carbon Residential electricity users contribute the highest in the City Carbon emission profile (electricity and gas consumption).emission profile (electricity and gas consumption).

The city is yet to fully operationalize itThe city is yet to fully operationalize it s SWM plan (controlled dumpsite s SWM plan (controlled dumpsite issue)issue)

City Emission ProfileCity Emission Profile

City Emission ProfileCity Emission Profile

Energy Consumer Type Consumption (KwH) EF (tCO2/KWH) Total emission (tCO2)Residential 15,567,752.00 0.000594 9,247.24 Commercial 7,758,177.00 0.000594 4,608.36 Industrial 1,018,440.00 0.000594 604.95 Public street/highway lighting 373533.58 0.000594 221.88 Public Buildings 3,122,848 0.000594 1,854.97

TOTAL 27,840,750.58 0.000594 16,537.41

[1] Used the national power mix emission factor. http://www.klima.ph/resources/MO/08_LearningModules/ghg_calculator/primer/primer.html)

Tricycle in Sorsogon City

Gas Consumed in 2007*

Emission Factor

(tCO2/liter)Total tCO2 emissions

in 2007

3114 2005914.24 0.00227 4553.425

*Assumptions: Average litres used/day = 2.2 litres/days; usage days/wk = 6.1 days/week; Unit usage per month = 53.69 litres; Unit gas usage/year 644.16 litres

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