Sonnet Game

7/25/2019 Sonnet Game

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The SonnetThe Sonnet

GameGame

Or how fashioning poemsOr how fashioning poemsbecomes a metaphor forbecomes a metaphor for

Early Modern EnglishEarly Modern English

creative lifecreative life


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Key termsKey terms Blank verseBlank verse Common meterCommon meter BroadsidesBroadsides Shaped verseShaped verse

CounterfeitingCounterfeiting PastoralPastoral SprezzaturaSprezzatura EnjambmentEnjambment TottelsTottelsMiscellanyMiscellany Fashioning/ Self-Fashioning/ Self-

FashioningFashioning

SonnetSonnet talian or Petrar!hantalian or Petrar!han English or ShakespeareanEnglish or Shakespearean SpenserianSpenserian

"!tave # Sestet"!tave # Sestet $uatrains # Couplet$uatrains # Couplet Turn% EpigramTurn% Epigram Con!eitCon!eit

Sonnet Se&uen!eSonnet Se&uen!e PersonaPersona


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Focusing on lyric poetry means we payFocusing on lyric poetry means we pay

attention to quantitative ANDattention to quantitative AND

qualitative aspects of verse:qualitative aspects of verse:

Poeti! formsPoeti! forms 'e(g( eleg)% sonnet% et!(* +B#, !h( .'e(g( eleg)% sonnet% et!(* +B#, !h( .

0eter0eter'the number of s)llables and the rh)thm the)'the number of s)llables and the rh)thm the)take* +B#, !h( .take* +B#, !h( .

Figurative languageFigurative language 'espe!iall) images and'espe!iall) images and

metaphors* +B#, !h( 1metaphors* +B#, !h( 1


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The Early o!erns are cra"y a#out meter$The Early o!erns are cra"y a#out meter$

it shows their intellectual creativityit shows their intellectual creativity

Blank verseBlank verse 'drama*2 3nrh)med% enjambed'drama*2 3nrh)med% enjambediambi! pentameter2 think Shakespeare4iambi! pentameter2 think Shakespeare4

Common meterCommon meter 'h)mns*2 5 !losed poeti!'h)mns*2 5 !losed poeti!&uatrain% rh)ming 5 B 5 B% in 6hi!h iambi!&uatrain% rh)ming 5 B 5 B% in 6hi!h iambi!tetrameter alternates 6ith iambi! trimeter(tetrameter alternates 6ith iambi! trimeter('e(g( 75ma8ing 9ra!e:*'e(g( 75ma8ing 9ra!e:*

Ballad meterBallad meter 'popular verse*2 Common meter'popular verse*2 Common meter6ith the rh)me s!heme ; 5 ; 56ith the rh)me s!heme ; 5 ; 5


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The >ord is m) Shepherd? shall notThe >ord is m) Shepherd? shall not6ant(6ant(

@e maketh me to lie do6n in green@e maketh me to lie do6n in green

pastures2pastures2@e leadeth me beside the still 6aters(@e leadeth me beside the still 6aters(

@e restoreth m) soul2@e restoreth m) soul2

@e leadeth me in the paths of@e leadeth me in the paths ofrighteousness for @is nameA sake(righteousness for @is nameA sake(

,ea% though 6alk through the valle) of,ea% though 6alk through the valle) ofthe shado6 of death%the shado6 of death%

6ill fear no evil2 For thou art 6ith me? 6ill fear no evil2 For thou art 6ith me?

Th) rod and th) staff% the) !omfort me(Th) rod and th) staff% the) !omfort me(

Thou preparest a table before me in theThou preparest a table before me in thepresen!e of mine enemies?presen!e of mine enemies?

Thou annointest m) head 6ith oil?Thou annointest m) head 6ith oil?

0) !up runneth over(0) !up runneth over(

Surel) goodness and mer!) shall follo6Surel) goodness and mer!) shall follo6me all the da)s of m) life%me all the da)s of m) life%

and 6ill d6ell in the @ouse of the >ordand 6ill d6ell in the @ouse of the >ordforever(forever(

----King James Bible,King James Bible, 11

The >ord to me a shepherd is%The >ord to me a shepherd is% %%

ant therefore shall not %ant therefore shall not % AA

@e in the folds of tender grass@e in the folds of tender grass %%

oth make me do6n to lieoth make me do6n to lie AATo 6aters !alm he gentl) leadsTo 6aters !alm he gentl) leads %%

Destore m) soul doth heDestore m) soul doth he BB

@e doth in paths of righteousness@e doth in paths of righteousness %%

For his names sake lead me(For his names sake lead me( BB

,ea though in valle) of deaths shade,ea though in valle) of deaths shade

6alk% none ill ll fear% 6alk% none ill ll fear%Be!ause thou art 6ith me% th) rod%Be!ause thou art 6ith me% th) rod%

5nd staff m) !omfort are(5nd staff m) !omfort are(

For me a table thou hast spreadFor me a table thou hast spread

n presen!e of m) foes?n presen!e of m) foes?

Thou dost anoint m) head 6ith oilThou dost anoint m) head 6ith oil

0) !up it over-flo6s(0) !up it over-flo6s(

9oodness and mer!) surel) shall9oodness and mer!) surel) shall

5ll m) da)s follo6 me?5ll m) da)s follo6 me?

5nd in the >ords house shall d6ell5nd in the >ords house shall d6ell

So long as da)s shall be(So long as da)s shall be(Bay !salm Boo"Bay !salm Boo"% 1% 1


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Shape! verseShape! verse: layout of te&t enhances content: layout of te&t enhances content

'possi#le with printe! te&ts(: )er#ert*s'possi#le with printe! te&ts(: )er#ert*sEaster WingsEaster Wings


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George )er#ert+George )er#ert+ The AltarThe Altar


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,oetic poses allow,oetic poses allow counterfeitingcounterfeitingof emotion+of emotion+

values+ #eliefs+ stances- .ommonvalues+ #eliefs+ stances- .ommon personae:personae:

shepher!s+ lovers+ scholars- .ommonshepher!s+ lovers+ scholars- .ommon stancesstances:: TheThepastoralpastoral'0arlo6e%'0arlo6e% #he !assionate#he !assionate

Shepherd to his $oveShepherd to his $ove**

TheThe 6itt)6itt)'Daleigh%'Daleigh% #he %ymph&s 'eply to the#he %ymph&s 'eply to theShepherd(Shepherd(

TheThe amorousamorous 'su!!essful or other6ise'su!!essful or other6ise**

'Sidne)% Spenser% Shakespeare% et!(*'Sidne)% Spenser% Shakespeare% et!(* The spiritualThe spiritual 'onne% @erbert*'onne% @erbert*


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Their Favorite Game:Their Favorite Game:

The SonnetThe Sonnete !an die b) it% if not live b) love%e !an die b) it% if not live b) love%

5nd if unfit for tomb or hearse5nd if unfit for tomb or hearse

"ur legend be% it 6ill be fit for verse ?"ur legend be% it 6ill be fit for verse ?

5nd if no pie!e of !hroni!le 6e prove%5nd if no pie!e of !hroni!le 6e prove%eAll build in sonnets prett) rooms ?eAll build in sonnets prett) rooms ?

5s 6ell a 6ell-6rought urn be!omes5s 6ell a 6ell-6rought urn be!omes

The greatest ashes% as half-a!re tombs%The greatest ashes% as half-a!re tombs%

5nd b) these h)mns% all shall approve5nd b) these h)mns% all shall approve3s !anoni8ed for loveG3s !anoni8ed for loveG

----Hohn onne%----Hohn onne% #he )anonization#he )anonization


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/hy sonnets0 1,retty rooms*/hy sonnets0 1,retty rooms*

ispla) ofispla) ofsprezzaturasprezzaturaots of puns% metaphors% and signs of verbalverbal

!leverness!leverness ntelle!tual pu88le as antelle!tual pu88le as a sign of humanist learningsign of humanist learning

5rt about making art5rt about making art 'originall) !ir!ulated among'originall) !ir!ulated among

!ourtiers? Tottels!ourtiers? TottelsMiscellanyMiscellany'JJK* is first print ed(*'JJK* is first print ed(*


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The types of sonnetsThe types of sonnets

*talian*talianoror!etrarchan!etrarchan% populari8ed b) )att% populari8ed b) )att

andand Songs and SonnetsSongs and Sonnets'a/k/a'a/k/a #ottel&s#ottel&s

Miscellany(Miscellany(

EnglishEnglishor Shakespearean% probabl) inventedor Shakespearean% probabl) invented

b) Surre) and populari8ed b) guess 6hob) Surre) and populari8ed b) guess 6ho

SpenserianSpenserian% invented b) Edmund Spenser% a% invented b) Edmund Spenser% a

!ombination of the t6o '!ombination of the t6o 'bravura, sprezzatura(bravura, sprezzatura(


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2talian ',etrarchan( Sonnets2talian ',etrarchan( Sonnets "nl)"nl) fivefiverh)ming sounds allo6ed 'talian hasrh)ming sounds allo6ed 'talian has

more 6ords ending in vo6elsines are enjambedenjambedto fight the sense of !ouplets2to fight the sense of !ouplets2s)ntaI vs( meter !reates tensions)ntaI vs( meter !reates tension

Big names2 )att # Surre)Big names2 )att # Surre)


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E&ample of 2talian SonnetE&ample of 2talian Sonnet

0) mouth doth 6ater% and m) breast doth s6ell% A

0) tongue doth it!h% m) thoughts in labor be? 3

>isten then% lordings% 6ith good ear to me% 3

For of m) life must a riddle tell( A

To6ard 5uroraAs !ourt a n)mph doth d6ell% A

Di!h in all beauties 6hi!h manAs e)e !an see? 3Beauties so far from rea!h of 6ords that 6e 3

5base her praise sa)ing she doth eI!el( A

Di!h in the treasure of deserved reno6n% .

Di!h in the ri!hes of a ro)al heart% D

Di!h in those gifts 6hi!h give thA eternal !ro6n? .ho% though most ri!h in these and ever) part D

hi!h make the patents of true 6orldl) bliss% E

@ath no misfortune but that Di!h she is( E

--Sir Philip Sidne)


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English 'Sha4espearean( SonnetsEnglish 'Sha4espearean( Sonnets

3ses3ses sevensevensounds in asounds in a stri!tstri!trh)ming pattern2rh)ming pattern2

5B5B CC EFEF 995B5B CC EFEF 99

ThreeThree +uatrains+uatrainsand oneand one coupletcouplet

Final !ouplet is usuall)Final !ouplet is usuall) epigrammaticepigrammatic'a'asumming up% the sonnets sound bite*summing up% the sonnets sound bite*

Sense of build-up through the three &uatrains%Sense of build-up through the three &uatrains%

then a !on!lusion or release in the !oupletthen a !on!lusion or release in the !ouplet


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E&ample of English SonnetE&ample of English Sonnet5 6itless gallant% a )oung 6en!h that 6ooed A

',et his dull spirit her not one jot !ould move*% 3

Entreated me% as eAer 6ished his good ATo 6rite him but one sonnet to his love? 3

hen % as fast as eAer m) pen !ould trot% .

Poured out 6hat first from &ui!k invention !ame% D

Lor never stood one 6ord thereof to blot% .

0u!h like his 6it% that 6as to use the same? D

But 6ith m) verses he his mistress 6on% E

ho doted on the dolt be)ond all measure( F

But see% for )ou to heavAn for phrase run+ E

5nd ransa!k all 5polloAs golden treasure? F

,et b) m) froth this fool his love obtains% G

5nd lose )ou for all m) 6it and pains( G

---0i!hael ra)ton


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Spenserian sonnetsSpenserian sonnets

ritten b) Edmund Spenser and ver) fe6ritten b) Edmund Spenser and ver) fe6

other people be!ause the) areother people be!ause the) aresosodiffi!ultdiffi!ult

te!hni!all)te!hni!all)

"nl)"nl) allo6s J rh)mesallo6s J rh)mes 'from talian* but'from talian* but usesuses

&uatrain/!ouplet stru!ture&uatrain/!ouplet stru!ture'from English*


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E&ample of Spenserian SonnetE&ample of Spenserian Sonnet

"bs!urel) )et most surel) !alled to praise% A5s sometimes summer !alls us all% said 3

The hills are heavens full of bran!hing 6a)s A

here star-nosed moles fl) overhead the dead? 3

said the trees are mines in air% said 3

See ho6 the sparro6 burro6s in the sk)4 .

5nd then 6ondered 6h) this mad instead3Perverts our praise to un!reation% 6h) .

Su!h savourAs in this 6ren!hing things a6r)( .

oes sense so stale that it must needs derange D

The 6orld to kno6 itM To a praiseful e)e .

Should it not be enough of fresh and strange D

That trees gro6 green% and moles !an !ourse in !la)% E5nd sparro6s s6eep the !eiling of our da)M E

---Di!hard ilbur


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Ta4ing them to the ne&t levelTa4ing them to the ne&t level

SonnetSonnetse+uencesse+uenceslink a group of sonnets together tolink a group of sonnets together totell a stor)% usuall) of a !ourtshiptell a stor)% usuall) of a !ourtship

The poet ma) give himself and his lovers !lassi!alThe poet ma) give himself and his lovers !lassi!alpsuedon)mspsuedon)ms'e(g('e(g(strophil and Stellastrophil and Stella*% pretend the)*% pretend the)are all shepherds or pastoral !hara!ters% and other6iseare all shepherds or pastoral !hara!ters% and other6isecounterfeitcounterfeitthe relationshipsthe relationshipsto ea!h other to sho6 offto ea!h other to sho6 offthe authors persona 'the authors persona 'selffashioning(selffashioning(

The !hallenge in a se&uen!e is to use the same formThe !hallenge in a se&uen!e is to use the same form

6ithout be!oming repetitive 'i(e( a !hallenge of6ithout be!oming repetitive 'i(e( a !hallenge offashioningfashioning(( and Shakespeares sonnet se&uen!e hasand Shakespeares sonnet se&uen!e hasplots and subplots% !hara!ters% and !ontains Jplots and subplots% !hara!ters% and !ontains Jsonnetssonnets


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/hen rea!ing sonnets/hen rea!ing sonnets

Dead themDead them aloudaloud( Theres a musi! in the( Theres a musi! in the

rh)thm% and part of the fun is finding therh)thm% and part of the fun is finding the

variations(variations(

>ook for the>ook for the conceitsconceits% the !entral ideas or% the !entral ideas or

metaphors 6ith 6hi!h the 6riter is pla)ingmetaphors 6ith 6hi!h the 6riter is pla)ing

at!h the tension ofat!h the tension of en-ambmenten-ambmentvs.vs. rhymerhymeasas

the 6riter tries to !ram a big idea in this ver)the 6riter tries to !ram a big idea in this ver)

tin) spa!etin) spa!e


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Sha4espeare+ Sonnet 56Sha4espeare+ Sonnet 56

That time of )ear thou ma)st in me behold

hen )ello6 leaves% or none% or fe6% do hang3pon those boughs 6hi!h shake against the !old%

Bare ruinAd !hoirs% 6here late the s6eet birds sang(

n me thou seeAst the t6ilight of su!h da)

5s after sunset fadeth in the 6est%

hi!h b) and b) bla!k night doth take a6a)%eathAs se!ond self% that seals up all in rest(

n me thou seeAst the glo6ing of su!h fire

That on the ashes of his )outh doth lie%

5s the death-bed 6hereon it must eIpire%

ConsumAd 6ith that 6hi!h it 6as nourishAd b)(

This thou per!eivAst% 6hi!h makes th) love more strong%

To love that 6ell 6hi!h thou must leave ere long


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7er#al7er#al!isplay!isplay

Whoever hath her wish, thou hast thy Will,And Will to boot, and Will in overplus;More than enough am I that vex thee still,To thy sweet will making addition thus.

Wilt thou, whose will is large and spacious,ot once vouchsa!e to hide my will in thine"

#hall will in others seem right gracious,And in my will no !air acceptance shine"

The sea all water, yet receives rain stillAnd in abundance addeth to his store;#o thou, being rich in Will, add to thy Will$ne will o! mine, to make thy large Will more.

%et no unkind, no !air beseechers kill;Think all but one, and me in that one Will.

&hakespeare, #onnet '()


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Sonnets Everyone ust Know8Sonnets Everyone ust Know8

)att% 7The >ong >ove%: p( .)att% 7The >ong >ove%: p( .

Spenser%Spenser%morettimorettiNKJ% p( JONKJ% p( JO

onne%onne%/oly Sonnets/oly SonnetsN% p( OJN% p( OJ

Shakespeare% Sonnet NO% p( KKShakespeare% Sonnet NO% p( KK Shakespeare% Sonnet N1% p( KQShakespeare% Sonnet N1% p( KQ

Shakespeare% Sonnet NK% p( KQShakespeare% Sonnet NK% p( KQ

Shakespeare% Sonnet N% p( KShakespeare% Sonnet N% p( K andGG(andGG()our tables sonnets)our tables sonnets((


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So when you stu!ySo when you stu!yyouryoursonnetsonnet

Figure out 6hi!h of the three kinds of sonnets it isFigure out 6hi!h of the three kinds of sonnets it is'6hen in doubt% look at the beginnings of lines J% Q%'6hen in doubt% look at the beginnings of lines J% Q%and *and *

Figure out the rh)me s!heme 'remember thatFigure out the rh)me s!heme 'remember that

pronun!iations have !hanged over )ears


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5bove all% have fun0 riting sonnets% then

reading them aloud% 6as a game that people in

the Earl) 0odern period enjo)ed as a 6a) to

sho6 off their intelle!t and !reativit)( Hust as

modern musi!ians 6ant to !reate l)ri!s thatsound spontaneous but that the) have 6orked

on for man) hours% sonneteers used these

forms to eIpress man) of the same emotionsand feelings(

Sonnet Game

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