something to write with out for notes Have paper and and ... · Sun Yixian lacked the authority and...
Transcript of something to write with out for notes Have paper and and ... · Sun Yixian lacked the authority and...
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Welcome, WHAP Comrades!
Monday, April 2, 2018
Have paper and something to write with out for notes
and be ready to begin!
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This Week’s WHAP AgendaMONDAY 4/3: Russian and Chinese Revolutions
TUESDAY 4/4: China in the 20th century
WEDNESDAY 4/5: Cold War lecture
THURSDAY 4/6: Communism/Cold War document activity
FRIDAY 4/7: Communism/Cold War Harkness Discussion (over ALL of Ch. 21)
SATURDAY 4/8: WHAP MOCK EXAM: 8am-11:30am in the RHS Cafeteria
MONDAY 4/9: Communism/Cold War Timeline due (see website for instructions)
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WHAP MOCK EXAM INFODate: Saturday, April 7, 2017
Location: Richland High School Cafeteria
Starts: 8:00 AM (Plan to arrive no later than 7:50am)
Ends: Most likely around 11:30am, no later than noon
Bring: #2 pencils, blue or black ink pens, water/snack (if you’d like)
**IF you cannot make it on Saturday, you must tell me ASAP. I will decide when the make-up opportunity will be.
**You MUST take the Mock Exam- it is a TEST GRADE!
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HOW GOOD IS YOUR RUSSIAN KNOWLEDGE?
There have been 3 very influential Vladimirs in Russian history (at least). Can you name them?
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Prince Vladimir of Kiev (900s)Vladimir Lenin (early 20th century)
Vladimir Putin (current President of Russia)
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THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION (1917)
How did Russia go from
THIS TO THIS?
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THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION (1917)
What were the causes of the Russian Revolution in 1917?
● Long-term causes● Short-term causes
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THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION (1917) LONG-TERM CAUSES:
● Cruel, oppresive rule of czars● Widespread social unrest● Government censorship/restrictions on
personal freedoms ● Government persecution of minority
groups● Problems with rapid industrialization● Revolutionary groups gained influence● Weak, distant leadership● Series of military losses● Discontent over slow pace of reform● Reluctance of czar to share power
SHORT-TERM CAUSES:
● Russia was devastated by World War I- public grew upset with the war
● Czar unable/unwilling to deal with Russia’s problems
● Inflation● Decreasing food and fuel
supplies● Soldiers mutinied● Growing influence of
socialism/revolutionary groups
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Military Difficulties (1850-1917)
● Crimean War (1853-1856- Russian loss)
● Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905- Russian loss)
● World War I (1914-1917- Russia surrendered)
WHY did Russia have so much difficulty militarily?
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Bloody Sunday (1905)
● Crowd of workers approached the czar’s winter palace in St. Petersburg asking for better working conditions, more freedom, and an elected legislature
● Czar’s soldiers fired on the crowd
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Reluctant Change: The Duma Is Created (1905)
● Protests after Bloody Sunday prompted the czar to agree to the creation of The Duma, Russia’s first parliament
● Czar Nicholas II dissolved the Duma after 10 weeks
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THE MARCH REVOLUTION (MARCH 1917)
● Women textile workers in Petrograd led a strike, others followed (including soldiers)
● Exploded into a general uprising
● Czar Nicholas II stepped down
● Leaders of the Duma established a provisional government, a moderate government led by Alexander Kerensky
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UNDER THE PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT
● Russia remained in WWI● Conditions inside Russia
worsened- peasants wanted land, city workers became more radical
● Socialist revolutionaries formed soviets (local councils made up of workers, peasants, and soldiers)
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THE OCTOBER REVOLUTION (NOVEMBER 1917)
● Vladimir Lenin returned to Russia, led the radical Bolsheviks (radical communist revolutionaries) to power
● Slogans: “All power to the Soviets,” “Peace, Land, and Bread”
● Armed factory workers (Red Guards) forced power from the provisional government
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THE OCTOBER REVOLUTION (NOVEMBER 1917)
What were the effects of the October Revolution?
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EFFECTS OF THE OCTOBER REVOLUTION
● Russia withdrew from WWI● Lenin ordered that all farmland be
distributed among the peasants, workers be given control of factories
● Royal family murdered● Russian Civil War: Red Army
(Bolsheviks) fought enemies at home (White Army)- Bolsheviks won (led by Leon Trotsky)- solidified power
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THE SOVIET UNION UNDER LENIN: 1917-1924
● Peace, economic recovery in the 1920s: government controlled banks and most major industries, but allowed some private ownership, foreign investment- this was Lenin’s New Economic Policy (NEP)
● Lenin organized Russia into several self-governing republics under the central government (became the USSR)
● There was a constitution, but the Communist party held all the power
● Lenin died in 1924; Joseph Stalin took control- became a dictator with absolute power
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THE SOVIET UNION UNDER STALIN: 1924-1953
● Seized absolute power and turned the USSR into a totalitarian state
● Launched a series of purges against his enemies (either killed them or sent them to labor camps)- the Great Purge of 1937-38 killed between 8-13 million
● Religion was discouraged, followers persecuted● Developed a command economy under Five Year
Plans- focused on industrial production instead of consumer production
● Collectivized farming- grouped private farms into government-owned farms
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THE SOVIET UNION UNDER STALIN: 1924-1953
● Personal freedoms were suppressed, and consumer goods were in short supply
● People learned new skills required for the industrialized economy
● Women gained more status- entered the workforce in larger numbers, many had skilled careers (like doctors), but were still expected to bear children and do household work
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CHANGES IN CHINA: 1900-1949
Background: It is said that by 1900 China was “ripe for revolution.” Why? (What had China gone through in the 19th century?)
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CHANGES IN CHINA: 1900-1949
● The Kuomintang, or Nationalist Party, wanted modernization and nationalization in China- led by Sun Yixian
● 1911: The Revolutionary Alliance (a forerunner of the Kuomintang) succeeded in overthrowing the last Qing emperor
● 1912: Sun Yixian became president of the new Republic of China
● Focused on nationalism (ending foreign control), people’s rights (democracy), and people’s livelihood (economic security for all) Sun Yixian
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CHANGES IN CHINA: 1900-1949
● Sun Yixian lacked the authority and military support to secure national unity
● Sun Yixian turned over the presidency to a powerful general (Yuan Shikai)- he betrayed the democratic ideals of the 1911 revolution- sparked local revolts
● When Yuan Shikai died in 1916, civil war broke out- local warlords, military leaders gained power
● 1917: China joined the Allies in WWI, hoped to re-claim land from Germany after the war Yuan Shikai
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CHANGES IN CHINA: 1900-1949
● The Treaty of Versailles gave Germany’s sphere of influence in China to Japan
● May 4, 1919- National outrage prompted a massive movement called the May Fourth Movement- showed China could have national unity (beginning of Chinese nationalism)
The May Fourth Movement (1919)
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CHANGES IN CHINA: 1900-1949
● 1921: The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) begins to form under Mao Zedong
● Meanwhile, Sun Yixian and the Nationalists set up a government in south China
● Sun Yixian became upset with Western democracies that did not support his government- wanted Chinese unity, allowed the CCP to join forces with the Kuomintang- this earned Russia’s support Mao Zedong
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CHANGES IN CHINA: 1900-1949
● Sun Yixian died in 1925; Jiang Jieshi (formerly called Chiang Kai-shek) replaced him as leader of Nationalists
● Jiang Jieshi feared communist takeover● First, worked with CCP to fight the
warlords, bring unity to China● Then, in 1927-28, Jiang’s Nationalists
attacked the communists (CCP)● 1930-1949: Chinese Civil War-
Nationalists fought CommunistsJiang Jieshi
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CHINESE CIVIL WAR (1930-1949)
Nationalists Communists
Who in China would support each group?
Which foreign nations would support each group?
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CHANGES IN CHINA: 1900-1949
● Mao recruited peasants, trained them in guerrilla warfare to fight nationalists
● Nationalists outnumbered communists, drove them out of their base in southern China
● 1934-35: The Long March- communists fled north
● 1937-1945: Nationalists and communists united to fight the Japanese
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CHANGES IN CHINA: 1900-1949
● During WWII, China’s death toll was estimated between 10-22 million
● 1945-1949: Nationalists and Communists resumed civil war
● Nationalists had more soldiers, foreign aid from the US, but communists had popular support
● 1949: Communists won the civil war, China became the People’s Republic of China (PRC) under Mao Zedong
● 1949: Nationalists fled to Taiwan (Formosa)- established the Republic of China (Taiwan)
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
REPUBLIC OF CHINA (TAIWAN)
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WHAP HW TONIGHT!
Finish reading and taking notes over Ch. 21 by FRIDAY- you have a Harkness discussion on Friday!
Also, your Communism/Cold War Timeline is due on MONDAY. Instructions are on the website.