Some thoughts…..

Using PowerPoint

www.columbia.edu

www.mjvisual.co.uk

PowerPoint Presentation software

Successor to the OHP

Powerful

Easy to produce terrible presentations!

PowerPoint

Alternatives include:

Open Office Mac Keynote Prezi

Setup carefully

Use template files: allows changes later

Decide on font, colour scheme etc

PowerPoint

Presentation vs Show

Presentations need PowerPoint or equivalent software

Shows will run without it, but may give you less control

PowerPoint

Embedding items

Using video or sound, save file in same directory

External links may not work

Check Internet availability/speed at venue

PowerPoint

Technicalities....

There are a number of “dos” and “don’ts” with PowerPoint

The aims are:to make what you present as easy to read as

possibleTo highlight what is importantTo lose what isn’t

Think about the venue..

Screen sizeProjector or LCD/Plasma screen?Ambient lightSize of roomNumber of people

What looks great on your monitor may be rubbish on the big screen

CONTRAST

CONTRAST

CONTRAST

CONTRAST

Using a white background, and black text, can look like a piece of

printed text

Using a black background, and white text, can draw attention to some parts of the text, and looks

simple and understated

Subtle shades can make the effect look more sophisticated

Whichever way around you prefer them!

Colour....

Colour is great, but...For scientific presentations, don’t get too

creative

Remember some of your audience may be colour blind

Using only a few colours can make a bigger impact than using

lots…

Unless you are trying for overkill!

Colour combinations are important…

Some colours don’t work well together!

Remember the ’60s…

Fonts or Typefaces..

There are thousands of fonts

Many are impossible to read on screen

Fonts..

Keep it simple

Use a single font for most text

Size matters.....

Trade-off: too big and you have no space

for information Too small nobody can see the

information anyway

Rule of thumb..

Never less than 20 point

Generally between 28 point and 36 point

40 to 44 point for titles

Images..

Images make life funEnhance the experienceBreak up the text

“A picture is worth a thousand words..”

Images..

Copyright

Size

Quality

Contrast

Resolution

Colour balance

Size Big enough to see the details

Quality – contrast..

Important to visibility

Too low: Image hard to see, blurred

Too high: grainy image, loss of detail

Too low Too highJust Right

Quality – resolution..

Vital to detail and visibility

Pixels or dots per inch or cm

More & smaller dots = higher resolution

Quality - resolution

300 pixels per inch 50 pixels per inch

A price to pay..

Higher resolution = bigger file size

Bigger file size = slower presentation

Also remember email/storage issues

Quality – resolution and file size

300 pixels per inch = 7.9 Mb 50 pixels per inch = 11 kb

Quality – compromise

300 pixels per inch = 7.9 Mb 100 pixels per inch = 62 kb

Quality – colour balance..

Aim for natural colour

Avoid “casting” especially for faces

Green cast

Red cast

Blue cast

Web images..

Images on websites offer a vast pool of choices

Many are optimised for web viewingPoor resolutionPixellation

Thumbnail image..

gallery.photo.net

Expanded..

gallery.photo.net

Full size image..

gallery.photo.net

Pixellation..

gallery.photo.net

Copyright issues..

Most images are copyright

Illegal to reproduce them without appropriate accreditation or permission

Always credit images (unless they’re yours!)

Graphs, tables etc..

Legibility

Only essential detail

Clarity of message

Avoid scanned figures unless really clear

Cancer of the trachea, bronchus and lung (ICD-10 C33-C34)

NHS Region of Residence: West of Scotland1: trends in incidence 1975-1999Numbers of registrations, with crude and age-standardised incidence rates, by age and year of diagnosis

WARNING: True values for counts between 1 and 4 have been randomly adjusted to preserve confidentiality. Zeros are true zeros.

Males Year of Diagnosis1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985

Under 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 05-9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 010-14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 015-19 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 120-24 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 0 025-29 2 0 2 0 2 1 0 1 0 0 130-34 2 5 6 2 3 2 1 2 2 4 235-39 14 5 8 10 5 6 10 6 7 14 340-44 28 20 28 17 18 15 24 16 20 20 1945-49 48 58 61 56 53 56 46 45 43 44 4550-54 121 111 127 121 136 129 112 123 100 95 8555-59 219 202 185 214 225 211 214 225 210 206 20660-64 301 323 273 300 271 284 276 292 318 316 30565-69 376 380 377 371 403 384 383 326 315 289 34970-74 368 338 306 404 366 346 385 376 369 386 33675-79 193 178 199 213 251 248 232 241 262 307 28880-84 73 73 84 100 86 111 132 127 134 147 14385+ 32 28 27 22 47 45 44 32 43 57 50All Ages 1 778 1 721 1 683 1 831 1 866 1 838 1 861 1 814 1 825 1 885 1 833

Rates

Under 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.05-9 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.910-14 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 1.8 1.8 0.0 0.015-19 2.1 0.0 2.2 0.0 2.3 1.1 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 1.020-24 2.5 6.1 6.9 2.3 3.4 2.3 1.1 2.3 2.3 4.7 2.325-29 17.9 6.5 10.5 13.1 6.5 7.9 12.7 7.2 8.2 16.2 3.430-34 36.4 26.3 37.2 22.6 23.7 19.8 32.1 21.5 26.9 26.7 25.335-39 60.8 74.5 79.0 73.6 70.6 75.8 61.9 61.5 58.5 59.9 61.640-44 149.7 139.9 163.9 158.3 180.2 173.0 150.3 165.4 136.3 131.2 118.445-49 322.7 289.0 256.6 287.5 291.4 284.4 292.6 314.6 295.2 292.8 294.850-54 438.8 484.6 425.1 495.6 471.3 476.8 449.0 459.3 488.3 469.0 465.255-59 662.7 671.2 668.5 658.6 719.3 687.1 699.3 615.5 623.0 601.7 702.560-64 954.5 862.4 768.1 1000.7 887.4 833.7 919.5 893.8 876.9 914.2 800.365-69 958.9 853.5 924.0 941.6 1069.5 1032.2 931.0 949.6 1007.9 1159.1 1064.970-74 781.8 800.0 902.6 1079.4 885.1 1092.6 1206.8 1116.3 1126.1 1175.0 1104.475-79 696.1 616.7 600.8 492.8 1084.7 1037.8 889.6 655.1 862.6 1117.6 934.980-84 133.4 129.9 128.0 140.4 143.8 142.5 144.0 141.2 142.9 148.4 145.285+ 127.4 123.9 122.0 134.1 137.4 136.1 137.6 134.9 136.5 141.9 138.7

Males age 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 35-39 60.8 74.5 79.0 73.6 70.6 75.8 61.9 61.5 58.5 59.9 61.6

Cancer of the Trachea, Bronchus & LungWest of Scotland

Crude incidence rates

Source: ISD Online

Males

date 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 age

35-39 60.8 74.5 79.0 73.6 70.6 75.8 61.9 61.5 58.5 59.9 61.6

Cancer of the Trachea, Bronchus & LungWest of Scotland

Crude incidence rates

Source: ISD Online

Lung cancer in Western Scotland 1975-1985

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985

Crude incidence rates

Source: ISD Online

Source: ISD Online

Text slides..

Break it upNot too much infoUse bullets/listsUse as prompts, do not try to put it all on

the slide

Outcome Measures

The primary outcome measure was the SF-36 general health-related quality of life instrument. This measures 8 dimensions of health-related quality of life, is well validated and sensitive to change. This instrument has been widely used in a broad range of studies 9. Secondary outcome measures included a range of epilepsy-specific instruments. The epilepsy-specific instruments measured the nature and perceived severity of seizures (ICTAL & PERCEPT)10, perceived adverse drug effects (ADEP)11, the impact of epilepsy on patients’ lives (IMPACT)12, and their sense of mastery over their illness (MASTERY)13. The ESI-55 cognitive function test was also chosen as a short but reliable means of assessing these patients, as epilepsy medication, as well as the condition itself, can adversely affect cognitive function (COGFUNC)14.  The SF-36 and the epilepsy-specific instruments were administered at baseline by post, and 12 months following the interventions.

Outcome MeasuresPrimary outcome measure : SF-36

8 dimensions of health-related quality of lifevalidatedsensitive to change.

Secondary outcome measures - epilepsy-specific instruments. nature and perceived severity of seizures (ICTAL & PERCEPT)perceived adverse drug effects (ADEP)impact of epilepsy on patients’ lives (IMPACT)12,mastery over their illness (MASTERY)ESI-55 cognitive function test

 

Administered by postat baseline12 months following the interventions.

Animation & effects..

Lots of choice

Animate objects on slidesSlide transitions

Animated imagesSound clipsFilm clips

Way to go...

Use them carefully

ClarityVisibilityAppropriate useSophistication

Film & Sound

EmbeddingLinkingFile locations

Files to play must be in the folder they are linked to

Remember to copy the files onto a USB if you are presenting elsewhere

There are three fundamentals to consider when undertaking critical appraisal…

• The effects of Chance variation

• The systematic deviations of Bias

• The underlying misinformation of Confounding

There are three fundamentals to consider when undertaking critical appraisal…

• The effects of Chance variation

• The systematic deviations of Bias

• The underlying misinformation of Confounding

Poor harvests have resulted from:

Insect damage

www.ent.iastate.edu

Erosion

public.globalnet.hr

Poor harvests have resulted from:

Insect damage

www.ent.iastate.edu

Erosion

public.globalnet.hr

Heart Sounds

Normal

Ventricular Septal Defect

Mitral Regurgitation

Songthrush(Turdus philomelos)

www.abdn.ac.uk