Some terminologies frequently used by the pharmacists and

pharmaceutical industry

Submitted byKeshob Kumar GhoseID: 2016000300001Batch: 27 Section: A

Submitted to Sonia Zaman

LecturerDepartment of Pharmacy

Southeast University

DrugThe world health organization (WHO) defines a drug as any substances that are used to modify or explore physical systems or pathological states for the benefit of the recipient,e.g. Aspirin, morphine, amoxicillin, chlorpheniramine, tetracycline, etc. Aspirin Morphine Amoxicillin Tetracycline chlorpheniramine

Ref: Fundamental of pharmacy and pharmacy practice M.A Mazid and M.A Rashid.

Types of drugsCrude drugs: Crude drugs are vegetable or animal drugs which consist of natural substances that have undergone no other process than collection, drying, grinding, etc,e.g. Vinca rosa powder.Non-official drugs: Substances that have never been appeared in the pharmacopoeias or in the formularies are called non-official drugs.e.g. Acrivastine, Bupropion, Zolpidem, etc.Official drugs: Substances that have been introduced in the current issues of pharmacopoeias or formularies are called oficial drugs, e.g. Paracetamol BP, Tetracycline USP, Amoxicillin USP, Ranitidine USP, etc.Unofficial drugs: Substances that have been recognized in the pharmacopoeias or in the formularies but presently not found in the current issues are designated as un-official drugs, e.g. Terfenadine, Thalidomide, etc.

Ref: Fundamental of pharmacy and pharmacy practice M.A Mazid and M.A Rashid.

Types of drugs INN: INN means international non-proprietary names.These names identify API.A nonproprietary name is also known as 'generic; name. e.g. Heroin(diacetylmorphine),Bardoxolone, Edoxaban, Ramelteon, salbutamol, etc.OTC drugs: OTC means over-the-counter.Drugs, which can be obtained without any prescription, are called OTC drugs or non-prescription drugs.e.g. Asprin, paracetamol, Antacid, etc.Me-too drugs (MTD): A drug that is structurally very similar to already known drugs, with only minor differences. The term "me-too" carries a negative connotation.sometimes MTDs are also called also 'follown on' drugs, e.g. Omeprazole and Esomeprazole, Loratadine and desloratadine, Citalopram and Escitalopram, pheniramine and Chloropheniramine,etc.

Ref: Fundamental of pharmacy and pharmacy practice M.A Mazid and M.A Rashid. www.Medicinenet.com

Types of drugsLegend drugs/prescription drugs: Medicine, which may be dispensed only upon legal prescription are referred to as prescription drugs or legend drugs,e.g. Cephradine, Gentamycin, Tetracycline, Atenolol, Losartan, Clonazepam, etc.Narcotic drugs: Drugs, which act on CNS to relieve pain but produce narcosis and addiction, are called narcotic drugs, e.g. Morphine, Heroin, etc.Misbranded drugs: The drugs, which are produced without permission of authority and do not bear any approved brand names, are called misbranded drug.Misbranded drugs do not contain proper labelling and DAR (drug Administration Registration) number.

Ref: Fundamental of pharmacy and pharmacy practice M.A Mazid and M.A Rashid.

Types of drugsDangerous drugs: The drugs which from a habit, dependence and addiction after prolonged use are called dangerous drugs, e.g. Barbiturates, Morphine, etc.Thermolabile drugs: Drugs, which are destroyed, or degraded by heat or light are called thermolabile drugs, e.g. Insulin, Streptokinase, Trastuzumab, vaccines, etc.Biological drugs: Drugs, which are obtained from biological sources, are termed as biological drugs.They are not suitable for oral use.They are antigenic substances and may cause hypersensitivity, e.g. sera, Solution of serum proteins intended for injection, Vaccines, Toxins, Antigens, Antitoxins, Insulin, Pituitary extract etc.

Ref: Fundamental of pharmacy and pharmacy practice M.A Mazid and M.A Rashid.

Types of drugsNon-biological drugs: Drugs, which are obtained by synthesis or semisynthesis, are termed as non-biological drugs, e.g, Paracetamol, Aspirin, Diclofenac, Metronidazole, Ciprofloxacin, etc.

Ref: Fundamental of pharmacy and pharmacy practice M.A Mazid and M.A Rashid.

MedicineMedicine is any drug, which has definite does and dosage form and is used to treat or prevent diseases in man or animal.e.g. paracetamol 500 mg Tablet, diclofenac 50 mg tablet, Amoxicillin 500mg capsule, etc.

Paracetamol 500 mg Diclofenac 50 mg Amoxicillin 500 mg

Ref: Fundamental of pharmacy and pharmacy practice M.A Mazid and M.A Rashid

Types of medicineCounterfeit medicines: Counterfeit medicine is one which is deliberately and fraudulently mislabeled with respect to identity and/or source.

Ref: Fundamental of pharmacy and pharmacy practice M.A Mazid and M.A Rashid www.fda.gov

Types of MedicineEssential medicines: According to WHO "Essential medicines are those that satisfy the priority health care needs of the population" . They are selected with due regard to public health relevance, evidence on efficacy and safety, and comparative cost effectiveness, e.g. all antibiotics are considered as essential in those countries in which peoples are more susceptible to infectious diseases. DGDA of Government of "The people's Republic of Bangladesh" has selected 209 drugs as essential for Bangladesh.

Ref: Fundamental of pharmacy and pharmacy practice M.A Mazid and M.A Rashid

List of some essential Drugs in Bangladesh

SI. Generic name Therapeutic class Indications Dosage form

01 Abacavir (ABC) Anti-HIV Agents Treatment of HIV-1 infection 300 mg/Tablet

02 Acetazolamide Anticonvulsants, Diuretics

Treatment of edema due to congestive heart failure; drug-induced edema; centrencephalic epilepsies; chronic simple (open-angle) glaucoma.

250 mg/Tablet

03 Benzoic acid + salicylic acid

Antifungal preparation

Ringworm or teneasis, eczema, fungal infection of the groin, barber's itch.

Benzoic acid 6% + salicylic acid 3%(Ointment or cream)

Ref: Fundamental of pharmacy and pharmacy practice M.A Mazid and M.A Rashid

Brand NameThe name that is privately owned by a manufacturer or distributor and used to distinguish the from competitor's product is called brand name. paracetamol/acetaminophen is a generic name. There are several companies that make this with brand names such as Panadol, Calpol, Napa, etc.The IUPAC name of paracetamol is N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide.

Ref: Fundamental of pharmacy and pharmacy practice M.A Mazid and M.A Rashid

Chemical NameA name used by the organic chemist to indicate the chemical structure of the drug is called chemical name, e.g. N-4(hydroxyphenyl)acetamide is the chemical name of paracetamol.

Brand name: NapaChemical Name: N-(4-

hydroxyphenyl)acetamide

Ref: Fundamental of pharmacy and pharmacy practice M.A Mazid and M.A Rashid

Generic NameThe established, nonproprietary, or common name of the active drug in a drug product is known as the Generic name.Each medicine (drug) has an approved generic name, e.g. Acetaminophen, acetyl salicylic acid (Aspirin), Diazepam, etc.

Ref: Fundamental of pharmacy and pharmacy practice M.A Mazid and M.A Rashid

Thank you for your attention.

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