“Some say the world will end in fire, some say in ice…“
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“Some say the world will end in fire, some say in ice…“
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“Some say the world will end in fire, some say in ice…“
Nobelpreis für Physik 2011 – Die Entdeckung der beschleunigten
Expansion des Universums durch die Beobachtung weit entfernter Supernovae
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Expansion des Universum
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1912: Vesto Slipher
Erste Messungen zur Rotverschiebung einzelner Objekte.
„Nebel“ bewegen sich
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1920er: Edwin Hubble
Hubble 100-Inch-Teleskop am Mt. Wilson
konnte erste Sterne im Andromedanebel auflösen!
„Nebel“ sind eigene Strukturen
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Cepheiden
• Riesensterne• Gruppe veränderlicher Sterne • streng periodische radiale Pulsation– Periode zwischen 1 und 130 Tagen– Amplituden von bis zu 2 Magnituden im Visuellen
• Oberflächentemperatur verändert sich und damit die Spektralklasse (zwischen F und K)
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Henrietta Swan Leavitt
… studierte die Cepheiden in der kl. und gr. Magellanschen Wolke
… entdeckte 1912 die Perioden-Leuchtkraft-Beziehung bei Cepheiden
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Perioden – Leuchtkraft – Beziehung:
Entfernungsmodul:
wobei: M Absolute Helligkeit
m Scheinbare (messbare) Helligkeit
P Pulsationsperiode
D Distanz (in Parsec)
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Standardkerzen
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Georges Lemaitre
Hat das Hubble-Gesetz schon 1927 gefunden.
1931: Universum expandiert hat nur endliche Zeitspanne existiert
„…must have emerged from an initial single quantum!“
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Für kleine z z wird als Radialgeschwindigkeit interpretiert Hubble – Gesetz
Für große z Interpretation schwierig, brauchen neue Standardkerzen
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Supernovae
Es gibt zwei Mechanismen, die zu SNe führen können:
… Pulsar oder Schwarzes Loch
… Typ 1a SN
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Supernovae Typ 1a
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Supernova September 2011 in M101
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Supernovae Typ 1a
StandardkerzenSNe 1a wurden bei hohen
Rotverschiebungen beobachtet (0,3 < z < 2)
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Supernovae Typ 1a
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CCD – charged coupled device
Nobelpreis 2009 für Physik – für die Entwicklung des CCD-Sensors
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Saul Perlmutter
Supernova Cosmology Project
SCP
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Brian P. Schmidt
High-z Supernova Search Team
HZT
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Adam G. Riess
High-z Supernova Search Team
HZT
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Hubble-Diagramm für 60 SNe 1a bei hohen Rotverschiebungen
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Zusammensetzung des Universums
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Zusammensetzung des Universums
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Was ist dunkle Energie?
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DANKE FÜR DIE AUFMERKSAMKEIT!!!