SOME QUESTIONS ABOUT EDUCATION AND SOME QUESTIONS ABOUT EDUCATION AND TRAINING CONCERNING THE LABOUR MARKET IN TRAINING CONCERNING THE LABOUR MARKET IN

VIETNAMVIETNAM

Dr. Nguyen Ba CanDr. Nguyen Ba CanDeputy General DirectorDeputy General DirectorDepartment of FacilitatesDepartment of Facilitates

Ministry of Education and Training, VietnamMinistry of Education and Training, Vietnam

OUTLINEOUTLINE

I. Overview Vietnam education and training systemI. Overview Vietnam education and training system

1. Briefly Vietnam profile1. Briefly Vietnam profile

2. Attainment of education and training 2. Attainment of education and training sector sector

3. Policy and strategy by 20203. Policy and strategy by 2020

II. III. Issues of education and training concerning the ssues of education and training concerning the labour market nowlabour market now

1. From education and training side1. From education and training side

2. From labour market side2. From labour market side

3. Main messages and directions for reform3. Main messages and directions for reform

BRIEFLY VIETNAM PROFILEBRIEFLY VIETNAM PROFILE Land Area: 331,689 km2

GDP per capita (PPP): $3,300 (2011 est.)

GDP by sector (2011est.):

agriculture: 22%industry: 40.3%services: 37.7%

Population below poverty line: 14.5% (2010 est.)

Labour force: 46.48 million (2011 est.)

Labour force by occupation (2011) :

agriculture: 48%industry: 22.4%services: 29.6%

VIETNAM POPULATIONVIETNAM POPULATION

Total (2011 est.): Total (2011 est.):  90,5 mils90,5 mils

Age structure: Age structure: 

0-14 years: 25.2% (male 11,945,354/female 0-14 years: 25.2% (male 11,945,354/female 10,868,610); 10,868,610);

15-64 years: 69.3% (male 31,301,879/female 15-64 years: 69.3% (male 31,301,879/female 31,419,306); 31,419,306);

65 years and over: 5.5% (male 65 years and over: 5.5% (male 1,921,652/female 3,092,589);1,921,652/female 3,092,589);

Population growth rate (2011 est.): 1.077%Population growth rate (2011 est.): 1.077%

VIETNAM LABOUR FORCE VIETNAM LABOUR FORCE (age of male 15-60; female 15-55)(age of male 15-60; female 15-55)

Total (2010) : 56.7 mils (65.2% population);Total (2010) : 56.7 mils (65.2% population);

Age structure: Age structure:

Age 15 -29:Age 15 -29: 47.5%;47.5%;

Male:Male: 49.52% 49.52%

Female: Female: 50.48%50.48%

Urban:Urban: 26.90%26.90%

Rural:Rural: 70.40%70.40%

ATTAINMENT OF EDUCATIONATTAINMENT OF EDUCATION

Literacy of population aged 15 and over Literacy of population aged 15 and over increased from 87.3% in 1989 to 93.5% in 2009 increased from 87.3% in 1989 to 93.5% in 2009 and about 94.0% in 2010 ;and about 94.0% in 2010 ;

ATTAINMENT OF EDUCATIONATTAINMENT OF EDUCATION

Vietnam has achieved the Vietnam has achieved the Millennium Millennium Development GoalsDevelopment Goals (MDGS)(MDGS) on education for allon education for all::

Completed universalisation of PE in 2000 Completed universalisation of PE in 2000

and LSE in 2010; and LSE in 2010;

Average schooling year of population Average schooling year of population aged 15 and older in 2010 around 9.6 aged 15 and older in 2010 around 9.6 years;years;

Social equity in access to education, Social equity in access to education, especially for ethnic minorities, children especially for ethnic minorities, children of poor families, girls and disadvantages, of poor families, girls and disadvantages, improved a lotimproved a lot

ATTAINMENT OF EDUCATIONATTAINMENT OF EDUCATION

Gross enrollment of TVET and tertiary education Gross enrollment of TVET and tertiary education has experienced strong growth since 2005has experienced strong growth since 2005

0

500000

1000000

1500000

2000000

2500000

Year 2004 Year 2011

TVET

Professional Secondary

Higher education

VIETNAM EDUCATION AND TRAINING VIETNAM EDUCATION AND TRAINING DEVELOPMENT POLICYDEVELOPMENT POLICY

Implementing universalisation of primary and lower secondary education whole country;

Ensuring learning need and long-life learning of all young people and adults; ; building a learning society;

Achieving gender equality;

Ensuring all vulnerable and disadvantaged children and and children in difficult circumstances and ethnic minorities have access to and complete, free and compulsory basic education of quality

VIETNAM EDUCATION AND TRAINING VIETNAM EDUCATION AND TRAINING DEVELOPMENT POLICYDEVELOPMENT POLICY

Ensuring all young people and adults are met through equitable access to appropriate learning and life-skills programmes

Expand the network of TVET to meet the training needs of employees and and towards universal vocational training to our youth

Promote cooperation between HE establishments and research organizations and enterprises.;

VIETNAM EDUCATION AND TRAINING VIETNAM EDUCATION AND TRAINING DEVELOPMENT STRATEGYDEVELOPMENT STRATEGY

Completing universal access to early childhood Completing universal access to early childhood education for children 5 years of age in 2015; education for children 5 years of age in 2015;

Percentage of correct agePercentage of correct age in general education in general education bby 2020:y 2020:

primary level:primary level: 99% ;99% ;

Lower secondary level: Lower secondary level: 95%; 95%;

Upper secondary and equivalent:Upper secondary and equivalent: 80%;80%;

70% disability children in school 70% disability children in school bby 2020y 2020..

VIETNAM EDUCATION AND TRAINING VIETNAM EDUCATION AND TRAINING DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY BY 2020DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY BY 2020

New enrollment capacity of schools TVET, New enrollment capacity of schools TVET, professional and universities about 30% total professional and universities about 30% total students completed LSE and equivalent levels;students completed LSE and equivalent levels;

Number of labourer trained TVET and tertiary Number of labourer trained TVET and tertiary about 70% of total labour force;about 70% of total labour force;

Number student of TVET and tertiary about 350 – Number student of TVET and tertiary about 350 – 400 per 10.000 populations;400 per 10.000 populations;

Comprehensive and fundamental renewing Comprehensive and fundamental renewing towards standardisation, modernisation, towards standardisation, modernisation, socialisation and international integration to socialisation and international integration to strengthen the quality and efficiency of the strengthen the quality and efficiency of the system.system.

ISSUES OF EDUCATION AND LABOUR MARKET NOWISSUES OF EDUCATION AND LABOUR MARKET NOW

Poor outcomes: Poor outcomes:

System is not synchronous, lack of System is not synchronous, lack of integration among levels;integration among levels;

Low basic skills acquisition;

Unequal access to education for poor, disabled and ethnic minority; children;

School’s infrastructure and teaching aids School’s infrastructure and teaching aids are lack and out of date;are lack and out of date;

Focus on narrow Focus on narrow disciplinary;disciplinary;

1. Education and training side1. Education and training side

Enrollment of TVET and tertiary education still too low

Structure of labour force of Vietnam by qualification in 2010

86.7%

2.6% 4.7% 1.6% 4.4% 0.0%

Untrained Short course TVET certificate

Middle course TVETcertificate Junior college degree

University degree Unknown

Lack of training programs to equip students with Lack of training programs to equip students with the necessary qualities required of employers:the necessary qualities required of employers:

Lack of suitability between the needs of Lack of suitability between the needs of businesses with program designbusinesses with program design

Many teaching staff is not exposed to the Many teaching staff is not exposed to the work environmentwork environment ; ;

Very few Very few companies cooperate closely with companies cooperate closely with TVET and institutions of tertiary education TVET and institutions of tertiary education

Policy factors such as over-reliance on Policy factors such as over-reliance on private tuition and uprivate tuition and under investment…

2. 2. Labour market side Labour market side

Lack of labour supply-demand information Lack of labour supply-demand information

No transparency of recruitmentNo transparency of recruitment

High unemployment rate;High unemployment rate;

Incomplete legal system;Incomplete legal system;

Employees working mainly in agriculture and Employees working mainly in agriculture and informal structure sectors with low productivity informal structure sectors with low productivity and high risk and high risk

Large separation between urban and rural, Large separation between urban and rural, dynamic economic region and dynamic economic region and underdevelopment ; underdevelopment ;

Weak labour market governanceWeak labour market governance ; ;

Wage determinant and salary inequality Wage determinant and salary inequality

LINKAGE EDUCATION AND TRAINING LINKAGE EDUCATION AND TRAINING WITH LABOUR MARKET WITH LABOUR MARKET

Reforming levels of general education

Revising curriculum, renewing teaching methods and assessment of the quality;

Strengthening institutions;

Reforming organisation;

Development of teachers, managers and administrators

Increasing investment and funding finance;

Expanding equity and ensure equality;

Enlarging equity and equality;

Expanding improving the efficiency of international cooperation;

LINKAGE EDUCATION AND TRAINING LINKAGE EDUCATION AND TRAINING WITH LABOUR MARKET WITH LABOUR MARKET

Reform of higher education

Improve quality of higher education and expand its size to attain a target of 350-400 students/10,000 people by 2020;

Strengthen institution and renew administration and management ;

Divide training programs into two categories of research and career application;

LINKAGE EDUCATION AND TRAINING LINKAGE EDUCATION AND TRAINING WITH LABOUR MARKET WITH LABOUR MARKET

Shift to a system of credit-based courses;

Finalise the higher education quality assurance and accreditation system;

Reach agreements on certification and degrees with other countries in the region and elsewhere;

Establish international-class universities.

LINKAGE EDUCATION AND TRAINING LINKAGE EDUCATION AND TRAINING WITH LABOUR MARKET WITH LABOUR MARKET

Reforming TVETReforming TVET

Creating closely relationships and Creating closely relationships and linkages between TVET and labour linkages between TVET and labour market on base of participation of market on base of participation of enterprises; enterprises;

Encouraging cooperate of enterprises Encouraging cooperate of enterprises with TVET institutions through offering with TVET institutions through offering of courses of self-training, re-training of courses of self-training, re-training and training in job; and training in job;

Mobilising financial contribution of Mobilising financial contribution of businesses and industries to support businesses and industries to support TVET TVET

LINKAGE EDUCATION AND TRAINING LINKAGE EDUCATION AND TRAINING WITH LABOUR MARKET WITH LABOUR MARKET

Enterprise directly participate into Enterprise directly participate into development of teaching staff and curricular development of teaching staff and curricular based on technical standards and skills; based on technical standards and skills; identification of job categories, design of identification of job categories, design of training courses and assessment of students, training courses and assessment of students, etc...etc...

Providing information on supply-demand of Providing information on supply-demand of skill workers; notify requirement on skill workers; notify requirement on qualification, quantity, ability and capacity of qualification, quantity, ability and capacity of recruited employee to TVET institutionsrecruited employee to TVET institutions;

The government establishes the labour The government establishes the labour market information network to link training market information network to link training institutions with labour users in provinces and institutions with labour users in provinces and cities as well as the whole countrycities as well as the whole country;

THANK YOU VERY MUCH THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR ATTENTION FOR ATTENTION