8/7/2019 SOME-QA

1/38

1. What are the layers of data description in R/3?

ANS: The external layer. The ABAP/4 layer. The database layer.

2. Define external layer?

ANS: The external layer is the plane at which the user sees and interacts with the data,that is, the data format in the user interface. This data format is independent of thedatabase system used.

3. Define ABAP/4 layer?

ANS: The ABAP/4 layer describes the data formats used by the ABAP/4 processor.

4. Define Database layer?

ANS : The database layer describes the data formats used in the database.

5. What is a Data Class?

ANS: The Data class determines in which table space the table is stored when it is createdin the database.

6. What is a Size Category?

ANS: The Size category describes the probable space requirement of the table in thedatabase.

7. How many types of size categories and data classes are there?

There are five size categories (0-4) and 11 data classes only three of which are appropriatefor application tables:

APPL0- Master data (data frequently accessed but rarely updated).

APPL1- Transaction data (data that is changed frequently).

APPL2- Organizational data (customizing data that is entered when system is configuredand then rarely changed).

The other two types are:

8/7/2019 SOME-QA

2/38

USR

USR1 Intended for customers own developments.

8. What are control tables?

The values specified for the size category and data class are mapped to database-specificvalues via control tables.

9. What is the function of the transport system and workbench organizer?

The function of the transport system and the Workbench Organizer is to manage anychanges made to objects of the ABAP/4 Development Workbench and to transport thesechanges between different SAP systems.

10. What is a table pool?

A table pool (or pool) is used to combine several logical tables in the ABAP/4 Dictionary.The definition of a pool consists of at least two key fields and a long argument field(VARDATA).

11. What are pooled tables?

These are logical tables, which must be assigned to a table pool when they are defined.Pooled tables can be used to store control data (such as screen sequences or programparameters).

12. What is a table cluster?

A table cluster combines several logical tables in the ABAP/4 Dictionary. Several logicalrows from different cluster tables are brought together in a single physical record. Therecords from the cluster tables assigned to a cluster are thus stored in a single commontable in the database.

13. How can we access the correction and transport system?

Each time you create a new object or change an existing object in the ABAP/4 Dictionary,you branch automatically to the Workbench Organizer or correction and transport system.

8/7/2019 SOME-QA

3/38

14. Which objects are independent transport objects?

Domains, Data elements, Tables, Technical settings for tables, Secondary indexes fortransparent tables, Structures, Views, Matchcode objects, Matchcode Ids, Lock objects.

15. How is conversion of data types done between ABAP/4 & DB layer?

Conversion between ABAP/4 data types and the database layer is done within the databaseinterface.

16. How is conversion of data types done between ABAP/4 & external level?

Conversion between the external layer and the ABAP/4 layer is done in the SAP dialogmanager DYNP.

17. What are the Data types of the external layer?

ACCP, Char, CLNT, CUKY, CURR, DATS, DESC, FLTP, INT1, INT2, INT4, LANG, LCHR,LRAW, NUMC, PREC, QUAN, RAW, TIMS, UNIT,VARC.

18. What are the Data types of the ABAP/4 layer?

Possible ABAP/4 data types:

C: Character.

D: Date, format YYYYMMDD.

F: Floating-point number in DOUBLE PRECISION (8 bytes).

I: Integer.

N: Numerical character string of arbitrary length.

P: Amount of counter field (packed; implementation depends on h/w platform).

S: Time Stamp YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.

V: Character string of variable length, length is given in the first two bytes.

X: Hexadecimal (binary) storage.

8/7/2019 SOME-QA

4/38

19. How can we set the table spaces and extent sizes?

You can specify the extent sizes and the table space (physical storage area in thedatabase) in which a transparent table is to be stored by setting the size category and dataclass.

20. What is the function of the correction system?

The correction system manages changes to internal system components. Such as objectsof the ABAP/4 Dictionary.

21. What are local objects?

Local objects (Dev class$TMP) are independent of correction and transport system.

22. What is a Development class?

Related objects from the ABAP/4 repository are assigned to the same development class.This enables you to correct and transport related objects as a unit.

23. What is a data dictionary?

Data Dictionary is a central source of data in a data management system. Its main function

is to support the creation and management of data definitions. It has details about

24. what data is contained?

What are the attributes of the data?

What is the relationship existing between the various data elements?

What functions does a data dictionary perform?

In a data management system, the principal functions performed by the data dictionary are

Management of data definitions.

Provision of information for evaluation.

Support for s/w development.

Support form documentation.

8/7/2019 SOME-QA

5/38

Ensuring that the data definitions are flexible and up-to-date.

26. What are the features of ABAP/4 Dictionary?

The most important features are:

Integrated to aABAP/4 Development Workbench.

Active in the runtime environment.

27. What are the uses of the information in the Data dictionary?

The following information is directly taken from the Data dictionary:

Information on fields displayed with F1 help.

Possible entries for fields displayed with F4 help.

Matchcode and help views search utilities.

28. What are the basic objects of the data dictionary?

Tables

Domains

Data elements

Structures

Foreign Keys

29. What are the aggregate objects in the data dictionary?

Views

Match codes

Lock objects.

30. In the ABAP/4 Dictionary Tables can be defined independent of the underlying database(T/F).

8/7/2019 SOME-QA

6/38

True.

ABAP/4 Dictionary contains the Logical definition of the table.

31. A field containing currency amounts (data type CURR) must be assigned to a referencetable and a reference field. Explain.

As a reference table, a system containing all the valid currencies is assigned or any othertable, which contains a field with the currency key format. This field is called as referencefield. The assignment of the field containing currency amounts to the reference field ismade at runtime. The value in the reference field determines the currency of the amount.

32. A field containing quantity amounts (data type QUAN) must be assigned to a referencetable and a reference field. Explain?

As a reference table, a system table containing all the valid quantity units is assigned orany other table, which contains a field with the format or quantity units (data type UNIT).

This field is called as reference field.

The assignment of the field containing quantity amounts to the reference field is made atruntime. The value in the reference field determines the quantity unit of the amount.

33. What is the significance of Technical settings (specified while creating a table in thedata dictionary)? By specifying technical settings we can control how database tables arecreated in the database. The technical settings allows us to

Optimize storage space requirements.

Table access behavior.

Buffering required.

Changes to entries logged.

34. What is a Table attribute?

The tables attributes determine who is responsible for maintaining a table and which typesof access are allowed for the table. The most important table attributes are:

Delivery class.

Table maintenance allowed.

Activation type.

8/7/2019 SOME-QA

7/38

35. What is the significance of Delivery Class?

The delivery class controls the degree to which the SAP or the customer is responsible fortable maintenance.

Whether SAP provides the table with or without contents.

Determines the table type.

Determines how the table behaves when it is first installed, at upgrade, when it istransported, and when a client copy is performed.

36. What is the max. no. Of structures that can be included in a table or structure.

Nine.

37. What are two methods of modifying SAP standard tables?

Append Structures and

Customizing Includes.

38. What is the difference between a Substructure and an Append Structure?

In case of a substructure, the reference originates in the table itself, in the form of astatement include.

In case of an append structure, the table itself remains unchanged and the referenceoriginates in the append structure.

39. To how many tables can an append structure be assigned.

One.

40. If a table that is to be extended contains a long field, we cannot use append structureswhy?

Long fields in a table must always be located in the end, as the last field of the table. If a

table has an append structure the append line must also be on the last field of the table.

41. Can we include customizing include or an append structure with Pooled or Clustertables?

No.

8/7/2019 SOME-QA

8/38

42. What are the two ways for restricting the value range for a domain?

By specifying fixed values.

By stipulating a value table.

43. Structures can contain data only during the runtime of a program (T/F)

True.

44. What are the aggregate objects in the Dictionary?

Views

Match Code.

Lock Object.

45. What are base tables of an aggregate object?

The tables making up an aggregate object (primary and secondary) are called aggregateobject.

46. The data of a view is not physically stored, but derived from one or more tables (t/f)

True.

47. What are the 2 other types of Views, which are not allowed in Release 3.0?

Structure Views.

Entity Views.

48. What is a Match Code?

Match code is a tool to help us to search for data records in the system. Match Codes arean efficient and user-friendly search aid where key of a record is unknown.

49. What are the two levels in defining a Match Code?

Match Code Object.

8/7/2019 SOME-QA

9/38

Match Code Id.

50. What is the max no of match code Ids that can be defined for one Match code object?

A match code Id is a one character ID that can be a letter or a number.

51. Can we define our own Match Code IDs for SAP Matchcodes?

Yes, the number 0 to 9 are reserved for us to create our own Match Code Ids for a SAPdefined Matchcode object.

52. What is an Update type with reference to a Match code ID?

If the data in one of the base tables of a matchcode ID changes, the matchcode data hasto be updated. The update type stipulates when the matchcode is to be updated and how itis to be done. The update type also specifies which method is to be used for Buildingmatchcodes. You must specify the update type when you define a matchcode ID.

53. Can matchcode object contain Ids with different update types?

Yes.

54. What are the update types possible?

The following update types are possible:

Update type A: The matchcode data is updated asynchronously to database changes.

Update type S: The matchcode data is updated synchronously to database changes.

Update type P: The matchcode data is updated by the application program.

Update type I: Access to the matchcode data is managed using a database view.

Update type L: Access to the matchcode is achieved by calling a function module.

55. What are the two different ways of building a match code object?

A match code can be built in two different ways:

8/7/2019 SOME-QA

10/38

Logical structure: The matchcode data is set up temporarily at the moment when thematch code is accessed. (Update type I, k).

Physical Structure: The match code data is physically stored in a separate table in thedatabase. (Update type A, S, P).

56. What are the differences between a Database index and a match code?

Match code can contain fields from several tables whereas an index can contain fieldsfrom only one table.

Match code objects can be built on transparent tables and pooled and cluster tables.

57. What is the function of a Domain?

A domain describes the technical settings of a table field.

A domain defines a value range, which sets the permissible data values for the fields,which refers to this domain.

A single domain can be used as basis for any number of fields that are identical instructure.

58. Can you delete a domain, which is being used by data elements?

No.

59. What are conversion routines?

Non-standard conversions from display format to sap internal format and vice-versa areimplemented with so called conversion routines.

60. What is the function of a data element?

A data element describes the role played by a domain in a technical context. A dataelement contains semantic information.

61. Can a domain, assigned to a data element be changed?

Yes. We can do so by just overwriting the entry in the field domain.

8/7/2019 SOME-QA

11/38

62. Can you delete data element, which is being used by table fields.

No.

63. Can you define a field without a data element?

Yes. If you want to specify no data element and therefore no domain for a field, you canenter data type and field length and a short text directly in the table maintenance.

64. What are null values?

If the value of a field in a table is undefined or unknown, it is called a null value.

65. What is the difference between a structure and a table?

Structures are constructed the almost the same way as tables, the only difference usingthat no database table is generated from them.

66. What is a view?

A view is a logical view on one or more tables. A view on one or more tables i.e., the datafrom a view is not actually physically stored instead being derived from one or more tables.

67. How many types of Views are there?

Database View

Help View

Projection View

Maintenance View

68. What is Locking?

When two users simultaneously attempt to access the same data record, this issynchronized by a lock mechanism.

69. What is database utility?

8/7/2019 SOME-QA

12/38

Database utility is the interface between the ABAP/4 Dictionary and the underlying the SAPsystem.

70. What are the basic functions of Database utility?

The basic functions of database utility are:

Create database objects.

Delete database objects.

Adjust database objects to changed ABAP/4 dictionary definition.

71. What is Repository Info. Systems?

It is a tool with which you can make data stored in the ABAP/4 Dictionary available.

ABAP Interview Questions and Answers

1.What is an ABAP data dictionary?- ABAP 4 data dictionary describes the logical structuresof the objects used in application development and shows how they are mapped to theunderlying relational database in tables/views.

2.What are domains and data element?- Domainsomain is the central object for describingthe technical characteristics of an attribute of an business objects. It describes the valuerange of the field. Data Element: It is used to describe the semantic definition of the tablefields like description the field. Data element describes how a field can be displayed to end-user.

3.What is foreign key relationship?- A relationship which can be defined between tables andmust be explicitly defined at field level. Foreign keys are used to ensure the consistency ofdata. Data entered should be checked against existing data to ensure that there are nowcontradiction. While defining foreign key relationship cardinality has to be specified.Cardinality mentions how many dependent records or how referenced records are possible.

4.Describe data classes.- Master data: It is the data which is seldomly changed. Transactiondata: It is the data which is often changed. Organization data: It is a customizing data

which is entered in the system when the system is configured and is then rarely changed.System data:It is the data which R/3 system needs for itself.

5.What are indexes?- Indexes are described as a copy of a database table reduced tospecific fields. This data exists in sorted form. This sorting form ease fast access to the fieldof the tables. In order that other fields are also read, a pointer to the associated record ofthe actual table are included in the index. Yhe indexes are activated along with the tableand are created automatically with it in the database.

8/7/2019 SOME-QA

13/38

6.Difference between transparent tables, pooled tables & Cluster Table.- Transparent tables:Transparent tables in the dictionary has a one-to-one relation with the table in database. Itsstructure corresponds to single database field. Table in the database has the same name asin the dictionary. Transparent table holds application data. Pooled tables. Pooled tables inthe dictionary has a many-to-one relation with the table in database. Table in the databasehas the different name as in the dictionary. Pooled table are stored in table pool at the

database level.Cluster tables contain continuous text, for example, documentation. Several cluster tablescan be combined to form a table cluster. Several logical lines of different tables arecombined to form a physical record in this table type. This permits object-by-object storageor object-by-object access. In order to combine tables in clusters, at least parts of the keysmust agree. Several cluster tables are stored in one corresponding table on the database.On the other hand, pooled tables and cluster tables are not created in the database. Thedata of these tables is stored in the corresponding table pool or table cluster. It is notnecessary to create indexes and technical settings for pooled and cluster tables.

7.What is an ABAP/4 Query?- ABAP/4 Query is a powerful tool to generate simple reportswithout any coding. ABAP/4 Query can generate the following 3 simple reports: Basic List: Itis the simple reports. Statistics: Reports with statistical functions like Average, Percentages.

Ranked Lists: For analytical reports. - For creating a ABAP/4 Query, programmer has tocreate user group and a functional group. Functional group can be created using with orwithout logical database table. Finally, assign user group to functional group. Finally, createa query on the functional group generated.

8.What is BDC programming?- Transferring of large/external/legacy data into SAP systemusing Batch Input programming. Batch input is a automatic procedure referred to asBDC(Batch Data Communications).The central component of the transfer is a queue filewhich receives the data vie a batch input programs and groups associated data intosessions.

9.What are the functional modules used in sequence in BDC?- These are the 3 functional

modules which are used in a sequence to perform a data transfer successfully using BDCprogramming: BDC_OPEN_GROUP - Parameters like Name of the client, sessions and username are specified in this functional modules. BDC_INSERT - It is used to insert the data forone transaction into a session. BDC_CLOSE_GROUP - This is used to close the batch inputsession.

10.What are internal tables?- Internal tables are a standard data type object which existsonly during the runtime of the program. They are used to perform table calculations onsubsets of database tables and for re-organising the contents of database tables accordingto users need.

11.What is ITS? What are the merits of ITS?- ITS is a Internet Transaction Server. ITSforms an interface between HTTP server and R/3 system, which converts screen provided

data by the R/3 system into HTML documents and vice-versa. Merits of ITS: A complete webtransaction can be developed and tested in R/3 system. All transaction components,including those used by the ITS outside the R/3 system at runtime, can be stored in the R/3system. The advantage of automatic language processing in the R/3 system can be utilizedto language-dependent HTML documents at runtime.

12.What is DynPro?- DynPro is a Dynamic Programming which is a combination of screenand the associated flow logic Screen is also called as DynPro.

8/7/2019 SOME-QA

14/38

13.What are screen painter and menu painter?- Screen painter: Screen painter is a tool todesign and maintain screen and its elements. It allows user to create GUI screens for thetransactions. Attributes, layout, filed attributes and flow logic are the elements of Screenpainter. Menu painter: Menu painter is a tool to design the interface components. Status,menu bars, menu lists, F-key settings, functions and titles are the components of Menupainters. Screen painter and menu painter both are the graphical interface of an ABAP/4

applications.

14.What are the components of SAP scripts?- SAP scripts is a word processing tool of SAPwhich has the following components: Standard text. It is like a standard normal documents.Layout sets. - Layout set consists of the following components: Windows and pages,Paragraph formats, Character formats. Creating forms in the R/3 system. Every layout setconsists of Header, paragraph, and character string. ABAP/4 program.

15.What is ALV programming in ABAP? When is this grid used in ABAP?- ALV is ApplicationList viewer. Sap provides a set of ALV (ABAP LIST VIEWER) function modules which can beput into use to embellish the output of a report. This set of ALV functions is used to enhancethe readability and functionality of any report output. Cases arise in sap when the output ofa report contains columns extending more than 255 characters in length. In such cases, this

set of ALV functions can help choose selected columns and arrange the different columnsfrom a report output and also save different variants for report display. This is a veryefficient tool for dynamically sorting and arranging the columns from a report output. Thereport output can contain up to 90 columns in the display with the wide array of displayoptions.

16.What are the events in ABAP/4 language?- Initialization, At selection-screen, Start-of-selection, end-of-selection, top-of-page, end-of-page, At line-selection, At user-command,At PF, Get, At New, At LAST, AT END, AT FIRST.

17.What is CTS and what do you know about it?- The Change and Transport System (CTS)is a tool that helps you to organize development projects in the ABAP Workbench and in

Customizing, and then transport the changes between the SAP Systems and clients in yoursystem landscape. This documentation provides you with an overview of how to managechanges with the CTS and essential information on setting up your system and clientlandscape and deciding on a transport strategy. Read and follow this documentation whenplanning your development project.

18.What are logical databases? What are the advantages/ dis-advantages of logicaldatabases?- To read data from a database tables we use logical database. A logicaldatabase provides read-only access to a group of related tables to an ABAP/4 program.Advantages: i)check functions which check that user input is complete, correct,andplausible. ii)Meaningful data selection. iii)central authorization checks for databaseaccesses. iv)good read access performance while retaining the hierarchical data viewdetermined by the application logic. dis advantages: i)If you donot specify a logical

database in the program attributes,the GET events never occur. ii)There is no ENDGETcommand,so the code block associated with an event ends with the next event statement(such as another GET or an END-OF-SELECTION).

19.What is a batch input session?- BATCH INPUT SESSION is an intermediate step betweeninternal table and database table. Data along with the action is stored in session ie data forscreen fields, to which screen it is passed, program name behind it, and how next screen isprocessed.

8/7/2019 SOME-QA

15/38

8/7/2019 SOME-QA

16/38

STEP 1: CONVERTING THE LEGACY SYSTEM DATA TO A FLAT FILE to internal table CALLED"CONVERSION".

STEP 2: TRANSFERING THE FLAT FILE INTO SAP SYSTEM CALLED "SAP DATA TRANSFER".

STEP 3: DEPENDING UPON THE BDC TYPE

i)call transaction(Write the program explicity)

ii) create sessions (sessions are created and processed.if success data will transfer).

3. What are the problems in processing batch input sessions and How is batchinput process different from processing online?

PROBLEMS:

i) If the user forgets to opt for keep session then the session will be automatically removedfrom the session queue(log remains). However if session is processed we may delete itmanually.

ii)if session processing fails data will not be transferred to SAP database table.

4. What does an extract statement do in the ABAP program?

Once you have declared the possible record types as field groups and defined theirstructure, you can fill the extract dataset using the following statements: EXTRACT. Whenthe first EXTRACT statement occurs in a program, the system creates the extract datasetand adds the first extract record to it. In each subsequent EXTRACT statement, the newextract record is added to the dataset EXTRACT HEADER. When you extract the data, therecord is filled with the current values of the corresponding fields. As soon as the systemhas processed the first EXTRACT statement for a field group , the structure of thecorresponding extract record in the extract dataset is fixed. You can no longer insert newfields into the field groups and HEADER. If you try to modify one of the field groupsafterwards and use it in another EXTRACT statement, a runtime error occurs. By processingEXTRACT statements several times using different field groups, you fill the extract datasetwith records of different length and structure. Since you can modify field groups dynamicallyup to their first usage in an EXTRACT statement, extract datasets provide the advantagethat you need not determine the structure at the beginning of the program.

5. Can a transparent table exist in data dictionary but not in the data basephysically?

8/7/2019 SOME-QA

17/38

NO. TRANSPARENT TABLE DO EXIST WITH THE SAME STRUCTURE BOTH IN THEDICTIONARY AS WELL AS IN THE DATABASE,EXACTLY WITH THE SAME DATA AND FIELDS.

6. What is the step by step process to create a table in data dictionary?

step 1: creating domains(data type, field length, range).

step 2: creating data elements(properties and type for a table field).

step 3: creating tables(SE11).

7. What is the typical structure of an ABAP/4 program?

HEADER ,BODY,FOOTER.

8. A situation: An ABAP program creates a batch input session. We need to submitthe program and the batch session in back ground. How to do it?

go to SM36 and create background job by giving job name, job class and job steps (JOBSCHEDULING)

9. What are the domains and data elements?

DOMAINS : FORMAL DEFINITION OF THE DATA TYPES.THEY SET ATTRIBUTES SUCH ASDATA TYPE,LENGTH,RANGE. DATA ELEMENT : A FIELD IN R/3 SYSTEM IS A DATA ELEMENT.

10. What is the alternative to batch input session?

8/7/2019 SOME-QA

18/38

Call transaction.

12. What is a batch input session?

BATCH INPUT SESSION is an intermediate step between internal table and database table.Data along with the action is stored in session ie data for screen fields, to which screen it ispassed, program name behind it, and how next screen is processed.

13. What is the advantage of structures? How do you use them in the ABAP

programs?

Adv:- GLOBAL EXISTANCE(these could be used by any other program without creating itagain).

14. How many types of tables exists and what are they in data dictionary?

There are 4 types of tables

i)Transparent tables - Exists with the same structure both in dictionary as well as indatabase exactly with the same data and fields. Both Opensql and Nativesql can be used.

ii)Pool tables &

iii)Cluster tables - These are logical tables that are arranged as records of transparenttables. one cannot use native sql on these tables (only open sql).They are not managabledirectly using database system tools.

iv)Internal tables

Posted by The Best... at 10:49 AM 0 comments Links to this post

Labels:SAP Introduction, SAP Info ABAP, Interview Questions

8/7/2019 SOME-QA

19/38

ABAP Interview Questions - II

1. What is the typical structure of an ABAP/4 program?

HEADER ,BODY,FOOTER.

2. What are field symbols and field groups.?

Have you used "component idx of structure" clause with field groups?

Field symbols:-

Field groups :-

3. What should be the approach for writing a BDC program?

STEP 1: CONVERTING THE LEGACY SYSTEM DATA TO A FLAT FILE to internal table CALLED

"CONVERSION".

STEP 2: TRANSFERING THE FLAT FILE INTO SAP SYSTEM CALLED "SAP DATA TRANSFER".

STEP 3: DEPENDING UPON THE BDC TYPE i)call transaction(Write the program explicity)

ii) create sessions (sessions are created and processed.if success data will transfer).

4. What is a batch input session?

BATCH INPUT SESSION is an intermediate step between internal table and database table.

Data along with the action is stored in session ie data for screen fields, to which screen it is passed,program name

behind it, and how next screen is processed.

8/7/2019 SOME-QA

20/38

5. What is the alternative to batch input session?

Call transaction.

6. A situation: An ABAP program creates a batch input session.

We need to submit the program and the batch session in back ground. How to do it?

Please go to SM36 and create background job by givingjob name,job class and job steps (JOB SCHEDULING)

8. What are the problems in processing batch input sessions?

How is batch input process different from processing online?

PROBLEMS:-

i) If the user forgets to opt for keep session then the session will be automatically removed from the session

queue(log remains). However if session is processed we may delete it manually.

ii)if session processing fails data will not be transferred to SAP database table.

10. What are the different types of data dictionary objects?

tables, structures, views, domains, data elements, lock objects, Matchcode objects.

11. How many types of tables exists and what are they in data dictionary?

4 types of tables

i)Transparent tables - Exists with the same structure both in dictionary as well as in database exactly with the same

8/7/2019 SOME-QA

21/38

data and fields. Both Opensql and Nativesql can be used.

ii)Pool tables & iii)Cluster tables -

These are logical tables that are arranged as records of transparent tables.one cannot use native sql on these tables

(only opensql).They are not managable directly using database system tools.

iv)Internal tables - .

12. What is the step by step process to create a table in data dictionary?

step 1: creating domains(data type,field length,range).

step 2: creating data elements(properties and type for a table

field).

step 3: creating tables(SE11).

13. Can a transparent table exist in data dictionary but not in the data base physically?

No. Transporent tables do exist with the same structure, both in the dictionary as well as in database, exactly with

the same data and the fields.

14. What are the domains and data elements?

DOMAINS : FORMAL DEFINITION OF THE DATA TYPES.THEY SET ATTRIBUTES SUCH AS DATATYPE,LENGTH,RANGE.

DATA ELEMENT : A FIELD IN R/3 SYSTEM IS A DATA ELEMENT.

15. Can you create a table with fields not referring to data elements?

YES. eg:- ITAB LIKE SPFLI.here we are referening to a data object(SPFLI) not data element.

8/7/2019 SOME-QA

22/38

16. What is the advantage of structures? How do you use them in the ABAP programs?

The most important advantage of the structures is that they have global existence (i.e.; these could be used by any

other program without creating it again).

17. What does an extract statement do in the ABAP program?

Once you have declared the possible record types as field groups and defined their structure, you can fill the extractdataset using the following statements:

EXTRACT .

When the first EXTRACT statement occurs in a program, the system creates the extract dataset and adds the first

extract record to it. In each subsequent EXTRACT statement, the new extract record is added to the dataset

EXTRACT HEADER.

When you extract the data, the record is filled with the current values of the corresponding fields.

As soon as the system has processed the first EXTRACT statement for a field group , the structure of the

corresponding extract record in the extract dataset is fixed. You can no longer insert new fields into the field groupsand HEADER. If you try to modify one of the field groups afterwards and use it in another EXTRACT statement, a

runtime error occurs.

By processing EXTRACT statements several times using different field groups, you fill the extract dataset withrecords of different length and structure. Since you can modify field groups dynamically up to their first usage in anEXTRACT statement, extract datasets provide the advantage that you need not determine the structure at the

beginning of the program.

18. What is a collect statement? How is it different from append?

If an entry with the same key already exists, the COLLECT statement does not append a new line, but adds the

contents of the numeric fields in the work area to the contents of the numeric fields in the existing entry.

8/7/2019 SOME-QA

23/38

19. What is open sql vs native sql?

ANS:-

20. What does an EXEC SQL stmt do in ABAP? What is the disadvantage of using it?

21. What is the meaning of ABAP/4 editor integrated with ABAP/4 data dictionary?

22. What are the events in ABAP/4 language?

Initialization, At selection-screen,Start-of-selection,end-of-selection,top-of-page,end-of-page, At line-selection,At

user-command,At PF,Get,At New,At LAST,AT END, AT FIRST.

23. What is an interactive report?

What is the obvious diff of such report compared with classical type reports?

An Interactive report is a dynamic drill down report that produces the list on users choice.

diff:-

a) THE LIST PRODUCED BY CLASSICAL REPORT DOESN'T allow user to interact with the system

the list produced by interactive report allows the user to interact with the system.

b) ONCE A CLASSICAL REPORT EXECUTED USER LOOSES CONTROL.IR USER HAS CONTROL.

c) IN CLASSICAL REPORT DRILLING IS NOT POSSIBLE.IN INTERACTIVE DRILLING IS POSSIBLE.

24. What is a drill down report?

Its an Interactive report where in the user can get more relavent data by selecting explicitly.

8/7/2019 SOME-QA

24/38

25. How do you write a function module in SAP? Describe.

Creating function module:-

y called program - se37-creating funcgrp,funcmodule by assigning

attributes,importing,exporting,tables,exceptions.

y calling program - SE38-in pgm click pattern and write function name- provide

export,import,tables,exception values.

26. What are the exceptions in function module?

COMMUNICATION_FAILURE

SYSTEM_FAILURE

27. What is a function group?

GROUP OF ALL RELATED FUNCTIONS.

28. How are the date and time field values stored in SAP?

DD.MM.YYYY. HH:MM:SS

30. Name a few data dictionary objects?

8/7/2019 SOME-QA

25/38

TABLES,VIEWS,STRUCTURES,LOCK OBJECTS,MATCHCODE OBJECTS.

31. What happens when a table is activated in DD?

It is available for any insertion,modification and updation of records by any user.

32. What is a check table and what is a value table?

Check table will be at field level checking.

Value table will be at domain level checking ex: scarr table is check table for carrid.

33. What are match codes? describe?

It is a similar to table index that gives list of possible values for either primary keys or non-primary keys.

34. What transactions do you use for data analysis?

35. What is table maintenance generator?

36. What are ranges? What are number ranges?

max,min values provided in selection screens.

8/7/2019 SOME-QA

26/38

37. What are select options and how are they different from parameters?

select options provide ranges where as parameters do not.

SELECT-OPTIONS declares an internal table which is automatically filled with values or ranges

of values entered by the end user. For each SELECT-OPTIONS , the system creates a selection table.

SELECT-OPTIONS FOR .

A selection table is an internal table with fields SIGN, OPTION, LOW and HIGH.

The type of LOW and HIGH is the same as that of .

The SIGN field can take the following values: I Inclusive (should apply) E Exclusive (should not apply)

The OPTION field can take the following values: EQ Equal GT Greater than NE Not equal BT Between LE Less

than or equal NB Not between LT Less than CP Contains pattern GE Greater than or equal NP No pattern.

Select Options vs Parameters

PARAMETERS allow users to enter a single value into an internal field within a report.

SELECT-OPTIONS allow users to fill an internal table with a range of values.

For each PARAMETERS or SELECT-OPTIONS statement you should define text elements by choosing

Goto - Text elements - Selection texts - Change.

Eg:- Parameters name(30).

when the user executes the ABAP/4 program,an input field for 'name' will appear on the selection screen.You can

change the comments on the left side of the input fields by using text elements as described in Selection Texts.

38. How do you validate the selection criteria of a report?

And how do you display initial values in a selection screen?

8/7/2019 SOME-QA

27/38

validate :- by using match code objects.

display :- Parameters default 'xxx'.

select-options for spfli-carrid.

39. What are selection texts?

40. What is CTS and what do you know about it?

The Change and Transport System (CTS) is a tool that helps you to organize development projects in the ABAPWorkbench and in Customizing, and then transport the changes between the SAP Systems and clients in your

system landscape.

This documentation provides you with an overview of how to manage changes with the CTS and essential

information on setting up your system and client landscape and deciding on a transport strategy. Read and follow

this documentation when planning your development project.

For practical information on working with the Change and Transport System, see Change and Transport Organizer

and Transport Management System.

41. When a program is created and need to be transported to prodn does selection texts always go with it? if not how

do you make sure? Can you change the CTS entries? How do you do it?

42. What is the client concept in SAP? What is the meaning of client independent?

43. Are programs client dependent?

Yes.Group of users can access these programs with a client no.

44. Name a few system global variables you can use in ABAP programs?

8/7/2019 SOME-QA

28/38

SY-SUBRC,SY-DBCNT,SY-LILLI,SY-DATUM,SY-UZEIT,SY-UCOMM,SY-TABIX.....

SY-LILLI IS ABSOLUTE NO OF LINES FROM WHICH THE EVENT WAS TRIGGERED.

45. What are internal tables? How do you get the number of lines in an internal table?

How to use a specific number occurs statement?

i)It is a standard data type object which exists only during the runtime of the program.

They are used to perform table calculations on subsets of database tables and for re-organising the contents ofdatabase tables according to users need.

ii)using SY-DBCNT.

iii)The number of memory allocations the system need to allocate for the next record population.

46. How do you take care of performance issues in your ABAP programs?

Performance of ABAPs can be improved by minimizing the amount of data to be transferred.

The data set must be transferred through the network to the applications, so reducing the amount OF time and also

reduces the network traffic.

Some measures that can be taken are:

- Use views defined in the ABAP/4 DDIC (also has the advantage of better reusability).

- Use field list (SELECT clause) rather than SELECT *.

- Range tables should be avoided (IN operator)

- Avoid nested SELECTS.

i)system tools

ii)field symbols and field groups.

ans:-

Field Symbols : Field symbols are placeholders for existing fields. A Field Symbol does not physically reserve space

for a field,but points to a field which is not known until runtime of the program.

eg:- FIELD-SYMBOL [].

Field groups : A field group combines several fields under one name.At runtime,the INSERT command is used to

define which data fields are assigned to which field group.

8/7/2019 SOME-QA

29/38

There should always be a HEADER field group that defines how the extracted data will be sorted,the data is sorted

by the fields grouped under the HEADER field group.

47. What are datasets?

The sequential files(ON APPLICATION SERVER) are called datasets. They are used for file handling in SAP.

48. How to find the return code of a statement in ABAP programs?

Using function modules.

49. What are interface/conversion programs in SAP?

CONVERSION : LEGACY SYSTEM TO FLAT FILE.

INTERFACE : FLAT FILE TO SAP SYSTEM.

50. Have you used SAP supplied programs to load master data?

51. What are the techniques involved in using SAP supplied programs? Do you prefer to write your own programs

to load master data? Why?

52. What are logical databases? What are the advantages/disadvantages of logical databases?

To read data from a database tables we use logical database. A logical database provides read-only access to a group

of related tables to an ABAP/4 program.

8/7/2019 SOME-QA

30/38

advantages

The programmer need not worry about the primary key for each table.Because Logical database knows how the

different tables relate to each other,and can issue the SELECT command with proper where clause to retrieve thedata.

i)An easy-to-use standard user interface.

ii)check functions which check that user input is complete,correct,and plausible.

iii)meaningful data selection.

iv)central authorization checks for database accesses.

v)good read access performance while retaining the hierarchical data view determined by the application logic.

disadvantages

i)If you donot specify a logical database in the program attributes,the GET events never occur.

ii)There is no ENDGET command,so the code block associated with an event ends with the next event

statement (such as another GET or an END-OF-SELECTION).

53. What specific statements do you using when writing a drill down report?

AT LINE-SELECTION,AT USER-COMMAND,AT PF.

54. What are different tools to report data in SAP? What all have you used?

55. What are the advantages and disadvantages of ABAP/4 query tool?

56. What are the functional areas? User groups? and how does ABAP/4 query work in relation to

these?

8/7/2019 SOME-QA

31/38

57. Is a logical database a requirement/must to write an ABAP/4 query?

59. What are Change header/detail tables? Have you used them?

60. What do you do when the system crashes in the middle of a BDC batch session?

we will look into the error log file (SM35).

61. What do you do with errors in BDC batch sessions?

We look into the list of incorrect session and process it again. To correct incorrect session we analyize the session todetermine which screen and value produced the error.For small errors in data we correct them interactively

otherwise

modify batch input program that has generated the session or many times even the datafile.

62. How do you set up background jobs in SAP? What are the steps? What are the event driven batch jobs?

go to SM36 and create background job by giving job name,job class and job steps(JOB SCHEDULING)

63. Is it possible to run host command from SAP environment? How do you run?

64. What kind of financial periods exist in SAP? What is the relavent table for that?

65. Does SAP handle multiple currencies? Multiple languages?

8/7/2019 SOME-QA

32/38

Yes.

66. What is a currency factoring technique?

67. How do you document ABAP/4 programs? Do you use program documentation menu option?

68. What is SAPscript and layout set?

The tool which is used to create layout set is called SAPscript. Layout set is a design document.

69. What are the ABAP/4 commands that link to a layout set?

Control commands,system commands,

70. What is output determination?

71. What are IDOCs?

IDOCs are intermediate documents to hold the messages as a container.

72. What are screen painter? menu painter? Gui status?

dynpro - flow logic + screens.

menu painter -

GUI Status - It is subset of the interface elements(title bar,menu bar,standard tool bar,push buttons) used for a

8/7/2019 SOME-QA

33/38

certain screen.

The status comprises those elements that are currently needed by the transaction.

73. What is screen flow logic? What are the sections in it? Explain PAI and PBO.

The control statements that control the screen flow.

PBO - This event is triggered before the screen is displayed.

PAI - This event is responsible for processing of screen after the user enters the data and clicks the pushbutton.

74. Overall how do you write transaction programs in SAP?

Create program-SE93-create transcode-Run it from command field.

75. Does SAP has a GUI screen painter or not? If yes what operating systems is it available on? What is the other

type of screen painter called?

76. What are step loops? How do you program pagedown pageup in step loops?

step loops are repeated blocks of field in a screen.

77. Is ABAP a GUI language?

Yes.

ABAP IS AN EVENT DRIVEN LANGUAGE.

8/7/2019 SOME-QA

34/38

78. Normally how many and what files get created when a transaction program is written?

What is the XXXXXTOP program?

ABAP/4 program.

DYNPRO

79. What are the include programs?

When the same sequence of statements in several programs are to be written repeadly they are coded in include

programs (External programs) and are included in ABAP/4 programs.

80. Can you call a subroutine of one program from another program?

Yes- only external subroutines Using 'SUBMIT' statement.

81. What are user exits? What is involved in writing them? What precations are needed?

82. What are RFCs? How do you write RFCs on SAP side?

83. What are the general naming conventions of ABAP programs?

Should start with Y or Z.

84. How do you find if a logical database exists for your program requrements?

SLDB-F4.

8/7/2019 SOME-QA

35/38

85. How do you find the tables to report from when the user just tell you the transaction he uses? And all the

underlying data is from SAP structures?

Transcode is entered in command field to open the table.Utilities-Table contents-display.

86. How do you find the menu path for a given transaction in SAP?

87. What are the different modules of SAP?

FI,CO,SD,MM,PP,HR.

89. How do you get help in ABAP?

HELP-SAP LIBRARY,by pressing F1 on a keyword.

90. What are different ABAP/4 editors? What are the differences?

91. What are the different elements in layout sets?

PAGES,Page windows,Header,Paragraph,Character String,Windows.

92. Can you use if then else, perform ..etc statements in sap script?

yes.

8/7/2019 SOME-QA

36/38

93. What type of variables normally used in sap script to output data?

94. How do you number pages in sapscript layout outputs?

95. What takes most time in SAP script programming?

LAYOUT DESIGN AND LOGO INSERTION.

96. How do you use tab sets in layout sets?

97. How do you backup sapscript layout sets? Can you download and upload? How?

98. What are presentation and application servers in SAP?

The application layer of an R/3 System is made up of the application servers and the message server. Applicationprograms in an R/3 System are run on application servers. The application servers communicate with the

presentation components, the database, and also with each other, using the message server.

99. In an ABAP/4 program how do you access data that exists on a presentation server vs on an application server?

i)using loop statements.

ii)flat

100. What are different data types in ABAP/4?

8/7/2019 SOME-QA

37/38

Elementary -

predefined C,D,F,I,N,P,T,X.

userdefined TYPES.

ex: see in intel book page no 35/65

Structured -

predefined TABLES.

userdefined Field Strings and internal tables.

101. What is difference between session method and Call Transaction?

102. Setting up a BDC program where you find information from?

103. What has to be done to the packed fields before submitting to a BDC session.

fields converted into character type.

104. What is the structure of a BDC sessions.

BDCDATA (standard structure).

105. What are the fields in a BDC_Tab Table.

program,dynpro,dynbegin,fnam,fval.

8/7/2019 SOME-QA

38/38

106. What do you define in the domain and data element.

Technical details like

107. What is the difference between a pool table and a transparent table and how they are stored at the databaselevel.

ii)Pool tables is a logical representation of transparent tables .Hence no existence at database level. Where as

transparent tables are physical tables and exist at database level.

108. What is cardinality?

For cardinality one out of two (domain or data element) should be the same for Ztest1 and Ztest2 tables. M:N

Cardinality specifies the number of dependent(Target) and independent (source) entities which can be in a

relationship.