SOME LITERATURE STUDIES ON ENGINEERING PROPERTIES …consisted of compressive strength test, split...

SOME LITERATURE STUDIES ON ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF

STEEL FIBRE-REINFORCED CONCRETE

1Ankit sharma,

1Monil Mehta,

1Jugal Mistry,

2Nikesh Kalani

1PG Scholar, Civil Department, Sardar Patel College of Engineering, Anand, India

2Professor, Civil Department, Sardar Patel College of Engineering, Anand, India

ABSTRACT:

Steel Fiber reinforced concrete is made up of several materials which consist of ordinary

Portland cement, aggregate, and steel fibers. Normal no reinforced concrete is hard and

possesses low tensile strength and strain capacity. The main work of the irregular fibers is to

distribute randomly to fill the concrete which has cracks. Steel Fibers are generally used in

concrete to properly manage the drying shrinkage cracking and plastic shrinkage cracking. It

also reduces the permeability of concrete which helps in reducing the flow of water. Some

other several of fibers are capable of creating great impact, shatter and abrasion resistance in

the concrete. Normally Steel fibers don‟t raise the flexural concrete strength. The numbers

of fibers which are required for a concrete to mix is determined on the basis of percentage of

the total volume of the composite materials. In this Paper will discuss such mechanical and

structural properties of steel fibre Reinforced Concrete

KEYWORDS: Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete; Mechanical and Structural Properties

INTRODUCTION:

Nowadays, steel fiber reinforced concrete has been on the path of becoming advanced from a

new, rather not proven material to the one which is gaining popularity on the basis of its

properties and advantages and has gained acknowledgment in numerous engineering

applications. Recently it is on the verge of becoming more frequent to take over steel

reinforcement with steel fiber reinforced concrete. The applications and uses of steel fiber

reinforced concrete has made an impact on many mindsets and had showed improvements in

the field of construction, due to which it is hard to differentiate. The most commonly

applications are tunnel linings, slabs, and airport pavements.

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There are various types of steel fibers used for reinforcing concrete. Round fibers one of the

most common type and the common dimensions ranges from 0.25 to 0.75 mm. Rectangular

steel fibers are normally 0.25 mm thick, but technically 0.3 to 0.5 mm wires are been used in

India. Deformed fibers in a bundle are used sometimes. The main advantage of deformed

fibers is their ability to distribute uniformly within the matrix

The fibre reinforcement may be used in the form of three – dimensionally randomly

distributed fibres throughout the structural member when the added advantages of the fibre to

shear resistance and crack control can be further utilized. On the other hand, the fibre

concrete may also be used as a tensile skin to cover the steel reinforcement when a more

efficient two – dimensional orientation of the fibres could be obtained

SOME MECHANICAL PROPERTIES STEEL FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH:

Fibres are capable of enhancing their static compressive strength of concrete; with the

increment in strength from 0 to 25% are quite appreciable .Even members who contain

standard reinforcement on addition of steel fibres, the fibres leaves a little but quite impact

able effect on its compressive strength. However, the fibres have shown substantially

increment in the, energy absorption or post-cracking ductility of the material.

Different aspect

ratios of fibres

For SFRC

with 1%

fibres

For SFRC

with 2%

fibres

For SFRC

with 3% fibres

Comp. strength (MPa)

Avg. Avg. Avg.

50

52.00

51.56

52.44

52.00

53.33

54.67

52.00

53.33

55.56

56.44

56.89

56.30



60

53.33

48.89

48.89

50.37

53.33

52.89

51.56

52.59

53.33

53.78

55.11

54.07

67

50.67

51.56

48.44

50.22

53.33

51.56

49.33

51.41

51.56

52.44

55.11

53.04

TENSILE STRENGTH:

Fibres when aligned together in the direction of the tensile stress are capable of bringing

greater increment in direct tensile strength, upto 133% for 5% of straight and smooth steel

fibres. However, randomly distributed fibres, shows greater increment in strength is much

smaller sizes which ranges from as small as very less amount of increment is seen some

instances to a curtained extend say 60%, with various investigations conducted it was

concluded that i intermediate values. Splitting-tension test of SFRC show results which are

quite similar. Thus the main purpose of addition of fibres is mainly to increase the direct

tensile strength i. However, as in compression, steel fibres do not intend lead to major

increment in the behavior which causes through post cracking or toughness of the

composites.

Different

aspect

ratios of

fibres

For SFRC

with 1%

fibres

For

SFRC

with 3%

fibres

For SFRC

with 3%

fibres

Tensile strength (MPa)

Avg. Avg. Avg.

50

3.11

3.54

3.26

3.30

3.82

3.82

4.10

3.92

4.39

4.25

4.39

4.34

60 2.97

3.40 3.21

3.96

3.54 3.68

4.25

4.10 4.25



3.26 3.54 4.39

67

2.83

3.26

3.40

3.16

3.54

3.96

3.40

3.63

3.82

4.25

4.53

4.20

FLEXURAL STRENGTH:

Steel fibres which are most significantly common to be found and which also possess good

flexural strength are likely to get effected by the aggregates of SFRC than on either the

compressive or tensile strength, with the increment of more than 100% have already been

reported. It becomes sensitive due to increment in flexural strength, but it does not merely

applicable to the fibre volume, but also to the fibres aspect ratio, it strength increases due to

higher aspect ratio.

Different

aspect

ratios of

fibres

For

SFRC

with 1%

fibres

For

SFRC

with 2%

fibres

For

SFRC

with 3%

fibres

Flexural strength (MPa)

Avg. Avg. Avg.

50

8.8

9.2

8.4

8.8

8.8

9.6

10

9.47

10.4

10

10.8

10.40

60

8.4

8.8

8

8.40

8.8

9.2

9.6

9.20

9.6

10

10.4

10.00

67

8

8

8.8

8.27

8

9

10

9.00

8.8

10.4

10

9.73



TOUGHNESS:

As we all know that, fibres which are added on the basis that concrete do not possess

improvement in strength, but is capable of improving the energy absorption capacity, or

toughness. But However, the flexural toughness is elaborated on the basis of the area under

the complete load-deflection curve in flexure; this is sometimes referred to as the total

energy to fracture. Alternatively, the toughness may be defined as the area under the load-

deflection curve out to some particular deflection, or out to the point at which the load has

fallen back to some fixed percentage of the peak load.

THE FOLLOWING LITERATURE STUDIES CARRIED BY AUTHORS SHOWS

THE ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF FRC

Milind V mohod (2012) et al in this experimental investigation for M30 grade of concrete

to study the compressive strength and tensile strength of steel fibers reinforced concrete

containing fibers varied by 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75% 1% 1.5% and 2% by volume of cement

cubes

Vikrant Vairagade et al (2012) presented the applicability of previously published relation

among compressive strength tensile strength flexural strength of normal concrete to steel

fibers reinforced concrete was evaluated and mechanical properties of steel reinforced

concrete were analyzed in this experimental study cement sand coarse aggregate water and

steel fibers were used for compressive strength test both cube specimens of dimensions

150mm 150mm 150mm and cylindrical specimen of length 200mm and diameter 100mm

were cast for M20 grade filled with 0% and 0.5% fibers after 24 hours the specimens were

to curing tank where in they were allowed cure for 7 days and 28 days. Finally result of

compressive strength for M20 grade of concrete on cube and cylinder specimens with 0%

and 0.5% steel fibers for aspect ratio 50 and 53.85 is it observed that for addition of 0.5%

fibers shows slightly more compressive strength than normal concrete.



Prof. Ram Meghe et al (2014) presented the experimental study of the steel fibers

reinforced self compacting concrete by addition of different content of steel fibers the result

showed that the split tensile strength found to be increased with the addition of steel fibers

and the optimum fiber content for increasing the split tensile strength was found to be

1.75% it was been observed that the steel fibers are used in the concrete to give the

maximum strength as compared to other fibers such as glass fibers polypropylene fibers.

The compressive strength and the flexural strength observed to be increased as the

percentage of steel fibers are increased in the steel fibers reinforced concrete.

The physical and chemical properties of each ingredient has considerable role in the

desirable properties of concrete like strength and workability finally the test result of

compressive strength split tensile strength and flexural strength it can be seen that in the

presence of steel fiber there is an increase in compressive strength split tensile strength and

flexural strength the small in fiber specimen compared to the non-fibers specimens.

Ahsana Fathima et al (2014) presented the experimental study on the effect of steel fibers

and polypropylene fibers on the mechanical properties of concrete, experimental program

consisted of compressive strength test, split tensile strength test and flexural strength test on

steel fiber reinforced concrete polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete three types of fibers

used of length 30mm crimped steel fibers of length 25mm and endure 600 polypropylene of

length 50mm with aspect ratio 50. The main aim of this experiment is to study the strength

properties of steel fibers and polypropylene. Fibers reinforced concrete of M30 grade with

0%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 0.75% by volume of concrete.

V. T. Babar et al investigated the shear strength and ductility of fiber reinforced concrete

beams by using hooked steel fiber without stirrups. In this investigation, the test beam

specimens of 125 mm in width, 250 mm in depth, and 1150 mm in length are cast and steel

fibers are varied from 0.5 % up to 2 % volume fraction The longitudinal steel is kept

constant, while shear span-to-depth ratio (a/d) is varied in the range 1, 1.25, and 1.5. All the

beam specimens are tested under two-point loading up to failure, and failure load, first crack

load, and central deflection are recorded concisely and precisely. The test specimens were

cast using cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, water, and Hooked steel fibers. The

materials, in general, confirmed to the specifications laid down in the relevant Indian



Standard codes. For grading of fine and coarse aggregate, sieve analysis was carried out.

Ordinary portland cement of 53-grade confirming to IS 12269:1987 was used throughout the

experimental work. The maximum size of coarse aggregate used was 20 mm along with 12.5

mm of same parent rock in 60-40 % fraction. Locally available Krishna river sand was used

as fine aggregate. The specific gravity of sand was 2.85 and fineness modulus was

2.7.Hooked end steel fibers of length 60 mm and diameter 0.75 mm were used throughout

the experimental work. Reinforcing steel of grade Fe 500 was used as tensile reinforcement.

USE OF STEEL FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURALLY

When we intend to use in structural applications, steel fibre reinforced concrete which is

only intended to be used in a supplementary role to restrain cracking, which helps in

improving its resistance to impact or dynamic loading, and to help in resisting material

disintegration. Structural members where flexural or tensile loads are most likely to occur

the reinforcing steel must be capable of supporting the total tensile load‟. Thus, while there

are a number of techniques for predicting the strength of beams reinforced only with steel

fibres, there are no predictive equations for large SFRC beams, since these would be

expected to contain conventional reinforcing bars as well. An extensive guide to design

considerations for SFRC has recently been published by the American Concrete Institute. In

this section, the use of SFRC will be discussed primarily in structural members which also

contain conventional reinforcement.

For beams which are capable of containing both fibres and continuous reinforcing bars, the

situation is quite complex, since the fibres act in two ways:

They gave access to tensile strength of the SFRC and has the quality to get used in design,

because of the matrix which will no longer have access to its load-carrying capacity at

first crack; and

They shows great increment in improving the bond between the matrix and the

reinforcing bars by inhibiting the growth of cracks emanating from the deformations

(lugs) on the bars



APPLICATIONS OF STEEL FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE

The uses of SFRC over the past 30 years have been so impactable on concrete due its

applications and properties that it becomes so hard to differentiate between them. The most

commonly applications where sfrc is used are pavements, tunnel linings, pavements and

slabs, shotcrete and now shotcrete also containing silica fume, airport pavements, bridge

deck slab repairs, and so on. There has also been some recent experimental work on roller-

compacted concrete (RCC) reinforced with steel fibres.

REFERENCES

1. Colin D. Johnston, “Fiber reinforced cements and concretes” Advances in concrete

technology volume 3 – Gordon and Breach Science publishes – 2001

2. Perumalsamy N. Balaguru, Sarendra P. Shah, „„Fiber reinforced cement composites‟‟ ,

Mc Graw Hill International Editions 1992.

3. Arnon Bentur & Sidney Mindess, „„ Fibre reinforced cementitious composites‟‟ Elsevier

applied science London and Newyork 1990.

4. Tensing D,Jeminah and Jaygopal L S (2003) “ Permeability studies on steel fibre

reinforced concrete and influence of fly ash” National seminar on advance in construction

materials,14-15 feb 2003

5. Damgir R.M.and Ishaque M.I.M (2003) “Effect of silica fume and steel fibre composite

on strength properties of high performance concrete”, proceedimg of the INCONTEST

2003, Coimbatore,10-12 sept 2003,pp281-286

6. Raghuprasad .P.S, Ravindranatha (2003) “Experimental investigation on flexural strength

of slurry infiltrated fibre concrete” proceedimg of the INCONTEST 2003, Coimbatore,

10-12 sept 2003, pp 403-408

7. Ramakrishnan V, Wu G.Y. and Hosalli G (1989) “Flexural behaviour and toughness of

fibre reinforced” Transportation Research Record, 1989, no.1226, pp69-77

8. Milind V. Mohod, Performance of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete IJCS ISSN: 2278-

4721, Vol. 1, Issue 12 (December 2012), PP 01-04

9. Ahsana Fathima K M & Shibi Varghese, Behavioural Study of Steel Fiber and

Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Concrete ISSN(E): 2321-8843; ISSN(P): 2347-

4599,Vol.2, Issue 10, Oct 2014, 17-24



10. N. Ganesan, P.V. Indira and Ruby Abraham, Steel Fibre Reinforced High Performance

Concrete Beam-Column Joints Subjected To Cyclic Loading

11. N. Janesan, P. V. Indira and S. Rajendra Prasad, 2010: Structural behaviour of steel fibre

reinforced concrete wall panels in twoway is plane action. Indian concrete journal. 5.

Rui D. Neves and Joao C. O. Fernandes de Almeida, 2005. Compressive behaviour of

steel fibre reinforced concrete , structural concrete. 2005-06

12. Jiuru, T., Chaobin, H., Kaijian, Y. and Yongcheng, Y. (1992). Seismic Behaviour and

Shear Strength of Framed Joint Using Steel-Fiber Reinforced Concrete, Journal of

Structural



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