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S O M E L E X I C O G R A P H I C A L N O T E S O N T H E U P A N I .S A D Sby

M. A. MEH ENDALEP o o n a

1 . S u . s i - " H 6 h l u n g e ines R oh rs " K~. th . 19 .1 (B6h t l ingk-Ro th , S k t . W b . )i s t o b e c o rr e c te d t o su.sir6- i n t h is pa s sa ge a nd in K a p K S . 29.8 a c c o r d ingto W a c ke r na ge l - D e br unne r , A l t i n d . G r a m m . I I /2 , N a c h t r i i g e , p. 939.B~Shtlingk ( p w . ) g ive s one mor e r e f e r e nc e , t he Comme n ta r y on 7~p~S .7 .26 .11 , bu t the re fe rence to ChU. 3 .13 .2-5 should a l so have been g iven .O n the o the r ha nd , devasu.si - ChU. 3 .13 .1 "e ine zu den G0t te rn f i ih rendeO f f nung . . . . " ( B R ) , " G 6 t t e r h6h lu ng ( im H e r z e n ) " ( B /S h tli ngk) ha s a l re a -dy been recorded . Cf . a l so p a r i g u . s i ra m Sfifikh., .~r. 11.1 (v. 1. p a r i su s . i ra min the Le iden manusc r ip t ) .

A s r e ga rds t he e tym ology o f t h is w or d , W a lde - P o kor n y I , p . 365sugge s t t ha t i t i s p r oba b ly t o be de r ive d f r om X / g v i - " to sw e l l " w i ths - e x t e ns ion . W a c ke r na ge l - D e br unne r , A l t i n d . G r a m m . I i /2 , w(p. 363) derive gu.si la- (Paf icar . 3 .10.11 c i ted in B6htl ingk) f rom x/gu.s-" to d r y" . T he y a lso sugge st , a l t hough w i th a que s t ion ma r k , t o e qu a t egu.si la- w i th su.sir6-, which la t te r they expla in a s s u . s i - r S - . l ( w p. 857).B u t h o w t h e y d e r i v e su . s i - i t se l f i s no t c lear .

I t ma y be sugge s t e d t ha t su . s i - i s to be de r ived f rom ~ / g v a s - : g u a - " tob low , e tc . " . T h i s de r iva tion w ou ld be bo th f o r m a l ly a nd se ma n t ic a ll ybe t t er . I t ha s t o be no t e d tha t t he w or d i s a l so w r i t t e n a s gu.si ~ which ,i f t he e tymology sugge s t e d he r e i s c o r r e c t , shou ld be r e ga r de d a s t hep r ima r y f o r m. su.si- w o uld the n b e a s e c ond a r y f o r m a r is e n due to d is si-mi l a t ion . A s f o r A m g . j h u s i r a - "16chr ig, hohl" (Pischel , G r a m m . d e rP r a k r i t - S p r a c h e n , w 211) , i t seems that the ini t ia l ~- became ch - , w hic how ing to vo i c ing be c a m e j h - . A m g . j h u s i r a - i s a m or e l i kely de ve lopm e n tf r om gu$i ra- t ha n f r om su.sira-.

1 And not as su-sira- (Grassmann , M onier-Williams, W ackernagel, I, w83d, p. 94,II/1 w 42 b, p. 98).2 Uhlenbeck,Ku rzge f e t ym. Wb. der a i . Sprache , regards the for m gu$/- as perhapsbetter than su$i-.

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SOMELEXICOGRAPHICALNOTESONTHE UPANISADS 1852. atighn?-BAU. 2.1.19. is explained by BR as follows: "(yonban mitati), adj. vollst~indig vernichtend, davon . ~ vielleichtmit Erg/inzungyonavasthd, ein alles Unangenehme vergessen machender Zustand". Thisi s f o l l o w i n g S a f l k a r a , cf. at i~ayena duhkharh ha nt i i ty a t ighn~, dnandasyd-va s t h d . . . . B r h t l i n g k r e g a r d s i t a s a n o u n a n d r e n d e r s i t b e t t e r a s " d i eh r c h s t e S t u f e " . T h e m e a n i n g g i v en b y M o n i e r - W i l l ia m s " u t t e r o b l i v io no r p r o f o u n d s l e e p ( o b l i t e r a t i n g a l l t h a t i s d i s a g r e e a b l e i n t h e p a s t , a n dr e g a r d e d a s t h e h i g h e s t c o n d i t i o n o f b li s s) " i s n o t q u i t e s u i ta b l e f o r t h eU p a n i s. a d ic p a s s a g e w h i c h r u n s a s fo l l o w s : s a y a th d k u m d r o v d m a h d r d jovd mahdbrdhma.no vd 't ighn~m dna nda sya gatvd gayi ta ivam evai .sa etacehete. T h e e x p r e s s io n atighn~m dnan dasya ga tvd o b v i o u s l y m e a n s " h a v i n gr e a c h e d t h e e x ce ss , o r t h e u t m o s t s ta g e o f j o y " . a T h i s m e a n i n g o fatighn~ i s t o b e d e r i v e d f r o m a t i x / h a n - " t o s t r i k e b e y o n d ( t h e l i m i t ) "w h i c h , w h e n u s e d a s a m a r k o f e x ce ll en c e i n a f e a t w o u l d m e a n " s u r p a s sa ll o t h e r s " . R e g a r d e d t h is w a y , t h e e x p re s s io n w o u l d m e a n " h a v i n gr e a c h e d t h a t u t m o s t s ta g e o f j o y w h i c h s u r p a ss e s a l l o t h e r c o n d i t io n so f j o y o f l es s er d e g r e e " . W e m a y c o m p a r e h e r e t h e us e o f a t i ~ v y a d h -" t o p i e rc e t h r o u g h , b e y o n d " w h i c h in t h e R V . 4 . 8 .8 is u se d a s a m a r k o fe x c e l l e n c e : sd v[pra~ car.sa.n~ndrh ~dvasd mdn u.sd.ndm 6ti k.sipr & a vidh ya ti" D i e s e r R e d e k u n d i g e f i b e r t ri f f t m i t K r a f t ( d i e R e d e n a l le r ) V b l k e r , ( a l le r )M e n s c h e n w i e d i e s c h n e l l e n d e ( B o g e n s e h n e ) " [ G e l d n e r] . I n s t e a d o f ab o w - s t ri n g , w e s h o u l d b e t t e r t h i n k o f a n a r r o w ((su-).

W e m a y a l s o d i sc u ss h e r e th e w o r d at ighnyd- o c c u r r i n g i n A V . 1 1 . 9. 1 6( = 1 1 .7 .1 6 ) w h i c h , a c c o r d i n g t o t h e l e x i c o ns , i s d e r i v e d f r o m atighni-a n d h e n c e r e n d e r e d a s " i .i be rw ~ il ti ge n d ( ? ) " B R , ~ " a m h r c h s t e n s t e h e n d "B r h t l i n g k , " o n e w h o i s i n t h e c o n d i t io n a t i - g h n f " M o n i e r - W i l l i a m s . T h eA V . p a s s a g e r u n s a s f o l l o w s : s6 k.siyati vidvasydddno v.l.sd bha'mydmatighny&h " h e ( = ficchi.st.a- " t h e r e m n a n t o f t h e o f f e r i n g " ) d w e ll s, r u l e ro f a ll , a n o v e r p o w e r i n g (.9 ) b u l l u p o n t h e e a r t h " ( W h i t n e y ) . B u t i n t h i sc o n t e x t , a s a n a d j e c t i v e o f b u ll , th e w o r d i s b e t t e r i n t e r p r e t e d a s " b e y o n dt h o s e t h a t m a y b e k i l l e d " (ati-*ghnygt-). T h e w o r d w o u l d t h e n b e a l m o s ti d e n t i c a l i n m e a n i n g w i t h 6ghnya- ( o r aghny&-) . W e m a y c o m p a r e th isi n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f at i -ghnyd- w i t h at i -mar tya- " s u p e r h u m a n " B h h g . P u r .1 . 1 . 2 0 (B R , a d d i t i o n s i n v o l . V ) , a n d u p r r i - m a r t ya - s " s u p e r i o r t o m e n ".RV. 8.19.12. m r r t y a - h a s b e e n t r e a t e d a s a g e r u n d i v e r e f o r m e d f r o m

3 Cf. "ein (drbermass yon W onne geniessend" Deussen, "H rhe pu nk t der W onn e"Brhtlingk, "the summit of bliss" Hume.Also W ackernagel-Debrunner, II/2, w 642y, smaU type, p. 791.5 Cf. how ever Wackernagel-Debrunner, II/2, w 653, sm all type, p. 814 , where thepossibility o f up~ri-martya- being derived from up&i-marta- + ya- is also mentioned.

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186 M .A . lVIEHENDALE*mr'tya- " o n e w h o m u s t d i e " ( W a c k e r n a g e l -D e b r u n n e r , I ~ /2 , w642a, sm alltype, p . 789) . O r a l ternat ively i t has a lso been regarde d as a sec on dar yder iva t ive , wi thou t an y change i n m ean ing , f rom md~rta-(W ackernage l -D eb run ner , I I /2 , w 651a, sm al l type , p . 807 and w 652c, p . 813). I t has ,however , t o be admi t t ed t ha t *ghnya- l ike mfr t ya- i s not used by i t se l f .