Some Key issues in cityport development in India in India...Mumbai key cityport issues •Old mumbai...
Transcript of Some Key issues in cityport development in India in India...Mumbai key cityport issues •Old mumbai...
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Some Key issues in cityport development in India
Marten van den Bossche
Managing Partner Ecorys
Paris ,14 September 2012
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Some key issues cityport development India
1.How many ports, what capacity, where located, when developed?
2.Main issues in relationship ports and city in India
3.Two cases Mumbai and Chennai
4.Additional development: Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Development Corridor
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Key issue 1:
How many ports, what capacity, where located,
when developed?
• What you see today in India is not what you will get. At least 2/3
of Indian port capacity needed is not yet realised.
• There will be a need for 4-6 principal Indian ports, at strategically
chosen locations.
• International examples: container ports of > 1 million TEU in NW-
Europe, US & Canada, China and India
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Main container ports in Hamburg-Le Havre range (NW-Europe)
Hamburg 7.9 MTEU
Bremen/Bremerhafen 4.9 MTEU
Rotterdam 11.1 MTEU
Antwerp 8.5 MTEU
Zeebrugge 2.4 MTEU
Le Havre 2.4 MTEU
(Containerisation International 2010)
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Main container ports in US & Canada
Vancouver 2.5 MTEU Seattle 2.1 MTEU Tacoma 1.5 MTEU Oakland 2.3 MTEU Los Angeles 7.8 MTEU Long Beach 6.3 MTEU Montreal 1.3 MTEU New York/New Jersey 5.3 MTEU Virginia 1.8 MTEU Charleston 1.4 MTEU Savannah 2.8 MTEU Houston 1.8 MTEU (Containerisation International 2010)
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Yingkou 3.3 MTEU
Tjianjin 10.1 MTEU
Dalian 5.2 MTEU
Qingdao 12.0 MTEU
Lianyungan 3.9 MTEU
Taicang 2.2 MTEU
Shanghai 29.1 MTEU
Ningbo 13.1 MTEU
Xiamen 5.8 MTEU
Shenzhen 22.5 MTEU
Guangzhou 12.6 MTEU
Hong-Kong 23.7 MTEU
(Containerisation International 2010)
Main container ports in China
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Main container ports in India
Mundra 1.1 MTEU
Jawaharlal Nehru 4.8 MTEU
Chennai 1.2 MTEU*
(Containerisation International 2010, *2009)
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Search areas for principal strategic ports in India:
select, plan, and create basic infrastructures
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Main Issues for cityports in India
• Current lay-out not equipped for future needs
• Too close to city centres
• Strategic development plans for ports not fitted in into integrated
urban development plan
• Locational alternatives insufficiently planned and developed
• Financing too early in PPP constructions
• Bad hinterland connections through choked city centres/suburbs
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Two cases: Mumbai and Chennai
• Exemplary for cityport issues, and both ports are important for
India
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Greater Mumbai Area map
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Greater Mumbai area aireal
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Mumbai city map
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Mumbai City Aireal
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Mumbai key cityport issues
• Old mumbai port in mid-term to be restructured in urban area
(inefficient, no competitive hinterland possibilities, both road and
rail very congested during greater part of the day)
• JNPT location not extendable for real long term growth potential
of Mumbai area
• Alternative options for Mumbai quite far away from city: either
North (Maroli, etc), or in basin around southern part of Mumbai.
• No strong regional master planning
• Strong competition from Gujarat port locations
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Second showcase: Chennai (Map)
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Chennai aireal
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Chennai Close-up
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Chennai key cityport issues
• Chennai port is surrounded at all sides by the city (road very
congested during greater part of the day)
• Current location too small for long term development potential
• Alternative options for current Chennai Port: only coal to Ennore,
but containers and iron ore planned to stay at Chennai.
• Tension on city functioning will only increase
• City gets “disconnected” from its sea shore due to heavy port
related infrastructures
• No strong regional master planning
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Example 3; Development of the DMIDC
• New cross-state spatial planning initiative aimed at integrated
corridor planning between Delhi and Mumbai
• Huge scale: 11 industrial zones along 1,500 km DM corridor, 6
lane highway, dedicated freight railway, five airports, three new
sea ports and seven new cities
• Total costs est. 65 billion euro
• First phase finished in 2018, 35% of projects financed (public
goods/infrastructures by governments, rest PPP)
• Conclusion for city ports: even further stress on city port
symbiosis
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Some final observations
• India has no “tradition” in sea ports: largest part of GDP was
produced and consumed locally
• Only recently (last 20 years) gradual opening up to rest of the
world: strong GDP growth combined with increasing shares of
both exports and imports
• Spatial planning system is not equipped for long term implications
for necessary port development in urban environments
• So almost every cityport experiences large “stress” from urban
growth combined with port expansion needs
• These stress factors are currently not properly solved, and
thereby form a direct bottleneck for continuation of the current
growth paths.