SOME FIFTY ODD YEARS

OF

THE MASK AND WIG CLUB

1889-1941

By

WILLIAM A. WIEDERSHEIM, 2ND

DEDICATION

What particular purpose is best served in the dedicating ofa book, irrespective of its classification has always been a de­batable question. To the extent that a wise custom decreesthe commending of the pa.ges of such a book a's this may be,this history is dedicated to that spirit of unselfishness, under­standing and loyalty which found expression< in the formation·

of The Mask an'd Wig Club of the University of Pennsylvaniathrough and from the inspiration of

CLAYTON FOTTERALL McMICHAEL

3

FOREWORD

Should anyone ask of himself or of others as to why I, ofall persons, should write a history of the Mask and Wig Club,I can but reply there is no good and sufficient answer. Anyexperience which I might have had to justify the assumptionon my part of such a responsibility is more than limited, it isnegative. Upon opening the morning mail some two yearsago, to my utter astonishment and without warning, notice orconsultation, it appeared my name had been placed in nomina­tion for an office called "Historian", which I was hardly awareexisted, and as a member of the Board of Governors. Sincethere was no contest these nominations were tantamount toelection.

Sensing that one, for whom I have always had a deep andabiding affection, had, with his usual exercise of discretion andtact submerged the dubious honor 0'£ an incidental office withthe fundamental compliment of becoming a member of theBoard, there seemed no alternative but to accept and meet thesituation in the spirit of an adventure.

Whatever may have been accomplished with respect to theassimilation, compilation and identification of the data andvarious papers relating to the history of the Club has been duefor the most part to the generous spirit and sympatheticunderstanding of the Board of Governors during the Presi­dencies of J. Ferguson Mohr and Thomas Hart. All therecords, reports, photographs and other documents of seem­ingly historical value have been identified, indexed and filed inproperly marked boxes. These have been placed in steelcabinets stored in the fire-proof rooms of the PennsylvaniaHistorical Society at 13th and Locust Streets, Philadelphia,Pennsylvania. This opportunity for the storage and at thesame time acce·ssibility of these archives was due to the helpand cooperation of Mr. William Reitzel, Librarian of theSociety.

5

To establish a working basis for a proper background andunderstanding of the beginning, growth, development andinfluence of the Mask and Wig Club, resort was had to theminute books of the meetings of the Club, the Board of Gov­ernors, the Administrative, Production and House Commit­tees, together with reports of various Spe'cial Committees,which were appointed from time to time. There were also theTreasurer's Statements, which unfo'rtunately were not com­plete. In addition there were the original papers of Dr.Charles N. .E. Camac which proved of great interest andmuch value. Other sources examined were the programs, thepublicity books and countless newspaper reports and criticisms,much correspondence, miscellaneous papers, the By-laws andfinally the personal recollections and comments of variousmembers of the Club which had been carefully collected andpreserved.

The checking, digesting, recording and verifying of thesesources of information covering a period of about two years,required no little patience, care and accuracy. The results,such as they be, could not have been reached without the helpof a number of undergraduates in the beginning of the work,a large group of the Alumni members of the Club, my ownsecretary, Evelyn B. McGuire, who somehow caught the spiritof the "Wiggers", but most of all, Mrs. Louise Macmullan,who has been executive secretary of the Club for the pasteight years. Driven at times to the point of referring to mytitle as the "hysterical" department of the Club, neverthelessshe was unfailing in her interest and loyalty. Blessed withpatience, humor, tact and fortified with a seemingly never­ending energy, she always rose to the occasion and so relievedmany a tense situation. These various sources of help accountfor much of whatever was accomplished.

However, throughout and over and above all, there wasalways available for help, advice and encouragement, EdmundH. Rogers. Without him, I am frank to acknowledge thatwhat might have easily become a task and abandoned becamea pleasurable experience and this history of the Club, if it maybe 'so dignified, is the result in no small way of his faithfulinterest, critical fairness and constant inspiration.

Whatever may be said of the pages that follow, the finalassimilation of the data and the comp>ilation and completion

6

:round ana

?ment ana

had to tOf

lrd of Gol,

se COtnrnil,

:ommittee\lere also to~

re not com,

rers of Dr

linterest lij~rogram!,I~1

nd critlc\lm\

By.laW!1s of Vln(/,!

collecten l~j

~ing oflo~~out two fea~

Tne re!ul~

tnout (oe ~fl~

~ of tne wO!\

~lunJ mf ~w~gnt tne !~iil

eMlcmulll~

for (ne ~ll,

errin~ (~m1

neverthfltillessen ~~

'ngly nml'

so relier~

elp acco~!

there WII

t, Edmun~

ledge th!1

ed beCIWt

if itml1~ faithful

the nnll

mpletion

of the work has taken place here in a pleasant little gardenin an atmosphere abounding with historic incidents occurringin the early days of America and teeming with the memoriesof the hopes, ambitions, struggles and tragedies of a sea faringpeople. Whether or not it be mere coincidence is incidental,but it is of interest, at least to me, to recall that in the Springof 1926 the Mask and Wig's, "Sale and a Sailor", inspired byone of the many Nantucket legends, was as outstanding andwell rounded a production as any in the history of the Club.

W. A. W., 2ND.

6 Gull Island LaneNantucket Island, Mass.August, 194 I

7

THE FOUNDERS

Had the line of least resistance and the easiest way out beenfollowed, the Board of Governors without difficulty and freefrom little, if any, criticism, could have determined there wasbut one founder and he, of course, was Clayton Fotterall Mc­Michael. Before reaching any final conclusion, the Boardgave careful consideration to all the available documentaryevidence as well as to the personal recollections and opinionsof those members who were qualified to speak authoritativelyupon the facts.

In the light of the information published in the 1890 and1891 year books, together with the statements in articlesappearing from time to time in the programs of early days,coupled with the report and findings in 1911 of a SpecialCommittee, consisting of Messrs. Rosengarten, Donaldson andBorie, there was no doubt at least eleven rightfully fell withinthe classification of a Founder. The problem to be decided,in view of additional evidence and after discovered facts, col­lateral for the most part, was whether there were four otherswho could and should be included in such a list.

Motivated only with the desire to reach an honest andproper decision in the interest of those who had been mainlyinstrumental in the ultimate formation and establishment ofthe Club, the Board of Governors at its meeting in March1941 assumed the responsibility of a finding that there werefifteen who were historically enti tied to be named as Foundersof the Club. A bronze tablet bearing the names of theseFounders, together with the "original call" signed by Forbes,Neilson, McMichael and Camac has been erected in the GrillRoom of the Club House at 310 Quince Street. This decisionof the Board settles an important fact which with the passageof time had been passed by and all but overlooked.

9

The Mask and Wig Club 1889-1941

The history of an organization is naturally a record of itsachievements, its policies, its growth, its mistakes and theposition gained in the field of endeavor for which it wascreated. In addition, it must reflect the personalities, the char­acter and the influence of those individuals whose spirit hadaccounted for the drive and the force which has kept the or­ganization alive through the years of its existence.

The first fifty odd years of the Mask and Wig Club wereduring a period of American history that may well be calledthe golden days. It was an era which may never again bewitnessed in the lives of those who were privileged to enjoy thestudent life and the benefits of education offered at institutionsof learning such as the University of Pennsylvania. In timesof great flux, which inevitably affect the social and economiclife of a nation, it is only those institutions which derive theirstrength from fundamental truths and are adjustable andflexible that will survive.

A most casual analysis of the purpose, the background andcareer of the Mask and Wig Club would seem to clearly indi­cate that it fully meets the requirements of an exacting world.Based on the fun and carefree spirit of youth coupled with asense of service to the University, yet ever mindful of the im­portance of education, it is evident that those responsible forthe formation of the organization and who have guided it inthe succeeding years merit the highest praise for their insight,perspicacity and understanding of human nature. For withoutthese principles ever present, "Lurline" might have been astory complete unto itself instead of the first link of what hasbecome a lengthening chain strongly forged to an honorablepast and facing the unpredictable future with hope, courage andcalm assurance.

No more truthful and uncontradictable statement can bemade, in any approach to the history of the Club, than that the

II

personality ot Clayton Fotterall McMichael and Mask andWig are synonymous. To what has sometimes been tenned thepre natal days can be traced the germ from which the Maskand Wig Club was ultimately born. Though the name eventu­ally adopted is clearly attributable to Charles N. B. Camac,it was McMichael who was the organizer, cre'ator and thesource of inspiration. Dramatics, such as they were, hadreached a constantly receding low at the University. A group,of which McMichael was the ever dominant force, found anoutlet for their dramatic and histrionic ambitions at the 40thStreet Grand Opera House in West Philadelphia. Here weregiven a series of plays, inter alia, "A School for Coquettes,""The Marquis", "Two Puddifoots", and "The Loan of aLover", for the edification of their friends and no doubt forthe satisfaction of their own emotional indulgences. Howeverthe parts may have been' cast, the programs consistently listedin addition to McMichael, the names of Forbes, Camac, Rosen­garten and McKean, then but mere boys, and some of whomhad not as yet matriculated at the University.

In addition members of this same group found a similarinspiration from burlesques given by their friends in theAmateur Drawing Room, located on the site on 18th Streetbelow Market now occupied by the Mid-City Post Office. Afurther outlet for these embryonic dramatic ambitions was thelure of burnt cork, a popular and healthy means of entertain­ment of Victorian aroma but long since passed into oblivionwith the complete sophistication of youth. As inevitable in ayoung and growing nation, the Minstrel Troupe with its blackfaced artists seems to have served its time and purpose.

Information, admittedly truthful but unfortunately notprovable, clearly indicates that in the year 1888, some havenamed the exact date April 24th, ideas were exchanged andplans laid by and between McMichael and Neilson for theformation of some sort of a dramatic organization at Pennsyl­vania. It is to be wondered if either of them had any particularobjective in mind other than to get started in some way onsomething theatrical. The "original call" issued presumablyin the Fall of 1888 and signed by McMichael, Camac, Forbesand Neilson can be accepted, in the language of the surveyor,as the place of beginning. Unfortunately, there are no de­pendable sources which record the names of those who actually

12

Mask anatermed tn~

hthe Mal!lame eventu.. B. Camartor and tn;

~ were, naij

y, Agrou~1ree, founa l~

IS at the 40~

. Herew~11r CoqueUe!t~e Loan of I

no douo! fw

es. HOWIHi

sistentlr lill~Camac,ROl~

some 01 wn~

ouna a !imilll

friena! in !~I

on I~tn ~lml

Oit Offire, j

oitioni 1m ~I

hi of entertam,

~ into oolivim

inevitaOle i~1

witn itiOila

rrpoie,

r,ltunatelr MI

8, some nan

[changeQ a~~

Ison for !~I

~ at Penn!!I,

fYpartiaJlarIme war O~

presumao1l

nac, Foroflesurvqor,are no Q~'

~o actual1r

responded to the notice posted on the Bulletin Board in thebasement of old College Hall or just who attended the variousmeetings held subsequently, during the formative period ofthis youthful and ambitious group. But this is incidentalexcept in the interest of accuracy, a "must" in the demands ofan historian.

Certain it is, however, that numerous meetings were held,some of them at the residence of Thomas McKean, Sr., lo­cated at 20th and Walnut Streets. It was here at the meetingof January 29th, 1889 that a name, for what subsequentlyturned out to be a prodigy, was discussed. Discarding sug­gestions of "The Harlequin", "The Footlights", or "ThePierrot", it was voted to adopt "Mask and Wig Association",subsequently properly christened as The Mask and Wig Clubof the University of Pennsylvania, as the name of this un­heralded but aspiring organization. It has been said that thename chosen was the inspiration of Charles N. B. Camacfrom the impulse of the moment. , In this instance, at least,the spark of youth supplied a name which proved perhapsmore acceptable than if the matter had been referred to olderand wiser men for deliberation and decision.

While it is true that McMichael and his group witnessedperformances in N ew York of the "Hasty Pudding Club" ofHarvard University and other productions of the students ofColumbia University, the factor having the greatest influence,was that in the fall of '88 there was playing at the old WalnutStreet in Philadelphia a burlesque, "Mrs. Esmeralda", spon­sored by the London Gaiety Troupe.

'!ihis coterie of neophyte Pennsylvanian actors who attendedthese performances of Letty Lind, Sylvia Grey and theirfamous Troupe came away convinced that this sort of burlesqueoffered the safest medium of entertainment and dramatic artand one well within the limitations of undergraduate life. Itwould be well, at this time, to point out that the significanceand meaning of a "burlesque" as staged and produced in thelate eighties and subsequently utilized for Mask and Wig pur­poses is in no sense to be confused or identified with the vulgarand all too often indecent theatrical ventures of the so calledburlesque of the present day and age. That such a decisionproved to be not only a happy but wise one would seem clearlydempnstrated since the Club for over a half century has never

13

once deviated from the policy as originally established and hasas yet to meet with any disastrous repulse of or from a de­manding and critical public.

In any theatrical venture there are innumerable factors whichcontribute to a success. There must be some sort of a vehicleto produce not to mention the financing, securing of credit andassurance of something substantial in the way of an audience.To finance the initial production, with a treasury then com­parable to the cupboard of old lady Hubbard, required no littleingenuity. Faith and perhaps prayer coupled with a littleparental assistance seemed to be the answer. The Colonel,father of Clayton F. McMichael, who was then Editor of theNorth American, a Philadelphia newspaper, somehow madepossible the initial deposits and guarantees. To assure anaudience, the time honored system of patronesses was adoptedand for many subsequent years proved to be the answer to thehopes of the Committee on Production and the worries of theBusiness Manager and Treasurer. So on a warm, if not sultryevening, June 4th, 1889, to be exact, after some five months ofrehearsals, the first performance of The Mask and Wig Club,"Lurline", or "The Knight and the Naiads", was given at theChestnut Street Opera House, between 11th and 12th Streetsin Philadelphia. It was a musical burlesque in four acts, ar­ranged by McMichael from an old play. It was a sellout.Perhaps outside of the faithful and indulgent members of thefamilies of the participants, the rest of the audience attendedwith a sense of reserved curiosity and wondered whether they,instead, were to be the ones sold out. But su~h was not thecase. "Lurline" was a tremendous success, enthusiasticallyreceived and richly praised.

Slim as the records of the early days may be, in the light ofthe Club's growth and development, they cannot help bu proveof lasting interest to those who will reflect upon the ambitiousbut inconspicuous beginning of the organization. The atten­dance was some 1530 persons with receipts of $1636.25.Expenses totaled $891.62 leaving a net profit of $743.63, abalance no doubt far in excess of the fondest hopes and dreamsof those responsible for the venture. To be fair, it must beadmitted that some of the items incident to the usual overheadcosts and operating expenses were absorbed by the friendly

lished and ~Ior frorn aJ

ij~,

efactors w~Qort of aveni~

gof credilll

of an audifn~surr then t~~

equlred no Iii!led with ali~'. The Col~t(I en Editor olt

somehow m:,

. To a!!ijr/>

sses Wa!aaOi1the an!Wello ~

the worrle! 01 ~

arm, if notl~t

me nve mon~lt

sk and Wi~(li

l\m~Vfnll&

and Iztn ~Irt(;

ein four atlll (

It wa! a!f~~,

t memDmol~audience aUf 1:.

red whetnfr tt~

such wal nol ~

., enthusial~([

e, in theji~lf

~t help DU\~w~

on the amoi~~

on. The aUG

s of $IOJ0.lj

~ of $f4}0j,1pes and dm~

~air, it mu!t ~usual overnfl:

Iy the frien~

spirit and generous cooperation of the families of the boyscomprising the cast and chorus.

Rehearsals for "Lurline's" debut alternated, no doubt in theinterest of parental relief, between the Borie mansion at 1035Spruce Street and the McMichael brown stone front locatedat 2°41 Walnut Street. Costumes for the most part weremade and supplied by the nimble fingers of unselfish mothersand sisters. Though McMichael, Camac, Forbes and Neilsonmay be s·aid to have carried the full responsibility for the suc­cessful production and staging of the show, they were suf­ficiently wise to engage the services of a figure well known in hisown world, "Sammy" Speck, associated with Brandenburg'sDime Museum, an institution famous in its day, but long sinceobliterated by the march of time. For music, popular pieces ofthe day, with suitable lyrics for the occasion, we-re "borrowed".Little did those who were responsible for such an incidentaltheatrical venture realize that when the curtain was rung downon the finale, they had in reality created an entirely new activ­ity for undergraduate life which was destined to contribute, inits own peculiar way, so much to the value of unselfish servicefor the welfare, advancement and interest of the University.

Somehow, it seemed this initial and single production in1889 was accepted by the University as well as the public atlarge as establishing the Mask and Wig Club as a permanentinstitution. A reference to the list of patronesses who in effect •sponsored "Lurline" would clearly indicate that socially therewas nothing left to be desired, since Philadelphia's "best" and"foremost" had given their blessing and stamp of approval.The evidence of their practical support was clearly indicatedin the statement of the Treasurer. To carryon, however,required an organization to sustain the interest and enthusiasm,since the responsibilities entailed were of no mean proportions.It is difficult, at this time, to properly analyse the motives whichprompted this original group of youths to continue with whatat first was little more than a whimsical venture. Howe'ver, inthe course of time this experiment became not only a vital andan integral part of the life of the University, but establishedfor itself a reputation of achievement throughout a large partof the United States.

So it was as always, the guiding hand and never failing spiritof McMichael which not only made possible the production of

.,

"Lurline", but also formulated a Club organization sufficientlysound to carry on for future years.

When another year rolled around, with the interest of theoriginal group sustained and encouraged with the reputationgained from the first effort, "Ben Franklin Jr.," was given inthe Spring of I 890. The increase from the previous yearfrom one to three performances was fully justified, since theresults at the box office clearly indicated that the Club wasconfronted not so much with an indulgent as a demandingpublic. In I 89 I, the third year, after the Philadelphia season,the Club ventured for the first time outside of its own territory.It gave, with modest success, performances in New York andWashington, D. C. Then in 1892, with "Mr. & Mrs. Cleo­patra" as the vehicle, the Club played Easter week throughoutin Philadelphia, the first time in the country a college dramaticorganization had ever attempted, and with marked success,such a lengthy run in a metropolitan city. And from this timetill 1936 with "Red Rhumba", Easter week and Mask andWig in Philadelphia became a permanent fixture. During eightof these years, in the turbulent '20S, from 1925-"Joan ofArkansas", to 1932-"Ruff Neck", the annual production wasgiven for two consecutive weeks. The drastic economicchanges then taking place caused a return to the former sched­ule of a single week stretch.

It must be remembered that from the beginning and formany years thereafter the coaching of both the cast and chorushad been exclusively undertaken by members of the Club.McMichael, Kelley, Ernst, Deehan, Gilpin, Donaldson,Howard Mohr, Morgan, Mellon, Rogers, Lavino, Harten­stein, just to mention a few of those who assumed productionresponsibility in whole or in part, during their respe'ctive asso­ciation with the annual production.

There was a period in the life of the Club, during the reck­Ie'ss 20'S, when the experiment of using professional coacheswas tried out. Haskell from New York, and Jasper Deeter ofHedgerow Players, were among those engaged to assist in thetraining of chorus and cast, but in spite of their professionalability, the idea did not fit in with the Mask and Wig system.And so in the early 30's, when financial problems also becamea serious consideration, the Club returned to direction andcoaching by Club members. Bo Brown, Frank Kelly and a

16

ationsuit 'lIl~enlli

einterest of ~·h the reputafr II l~

" Was given'

le ,previoul 1~usttfied1 lioce ~

at the Cluo Wt

,as ademan~

l~adelphla lea)•Lts OWn ternl~In ew YOrKt

r. &Mrl,o.l:week tnrou~,

a college dram!'

h marked ru~dfrom(ru!~

ek and MalKt

ture, Durin~f:t

[~2)_IIJOi~i

ual productionndrastic eCOQiji:

the former!rnl:

De~nning anUthe cast ana rOOK

ers of (ne G.

'Ipin, DonaM~:

Lavinol Hart~

sumed proau~::

.r respective~

during tne fI~'

essional coat~

asper Deetm:

to assist in IIeir professio~i

nd Wig srsttB

salso De(l~

direction afk Kelly anal

succession of younger graduates stepped into the picture andcarried on until recently when an arrangement was made withWalter Keenan to train the chorus. This particular associationhas proved a most agreeable and satisfactory solution.

In 193 I, the effect of the business depression first made itselffelt in the receipts of the box office. To help meet this situ­ation, the program for years past exclusively printed andfinanced by the John C. Winston Company, was taken over bythe Club. With that spirit of sustained interest indicative of atrue "Wigger", a number of the older members for severalyears procured all the advertisements for the program. Bythis means, the figures of the annual statements showed blackinstead of red, thus turning the tide during these difficult years.But there were other problems. The annual trip having be­come more extensive and falling within the middle of the secondcollege term, resulted in a growing feeling with the Universityauthorities that the students were forced to absent 'themsdvesfar too much from their studies. Coupled with this situationwas the recognition by the Board of Governors that there wasa marked change in the habits of the theatregoing public. Dueto the advent of daylight saving time and the growing interestin outdoor life, Easter was no longer as popular with them asthe winter season.

Traditions, and particularly so in Philadelphia, are difficultto sidestep, let alone break. The Club always alert to thevagaries and demands of a fickle public, and desiring to co­operate with those in authority at the University shifted itsweekly run in Philadelphia from the Easter to the Thanks­giving holiday period. There were not a few of the oldermembers of the Club who felt such a sudden and drastic changein the date would be a serious blow to the fame and reputationof Mask and Wig. Such a feeling was natural for theregenerally comes the time in everyone's life when living in thepast is the right and luxury of advancing age. Changes assuch are, for no good reason, abhorrant. But the die was castand though the annual Easter production in 1936 of "Red ~

Rhumba" was given, it was followed in the fall of the sameyear by "This Mad Whirl" and since then Thanksgiving andMask and Wig in Philadelohia have become a settled custom.It proved to be a wise decision as so realistically witnessed inthe financial health of the Club. Confronted in 1936 after

several profitless years, with a serious and uncertain financialoutlook, the Club as a direct result of the change to Thanks­giving week, found itself again by 1941 in the strong andhealthy financial situation which it had enjoyed for almost halfa century.

Throughout this period of some fifty odd years, in additionto the week's performance in Philadelphia, there was gradu­ally and with caution developed an annual road tour. Modestin its beginning, by 1940, the Club had given a total of 828performances, spread over thirty-one different cities in variousparts of the East and Middle West. The highest number inanyone year reached 29 in 1930. It is safe to say that theseannual undertakings of the Club have done perhaps more tospread the name and fame of the University throughout thecountry at large than any other undergraduate group or organ­ization of its Alma Mater. Such a policy has with propriety,attracted men from other places to the University with a resultthat its horizon has become broader and more cosmopolitan.A student body from various sections of the nation cannot helpbut expand the point of view from one somewhat narrow andprovincial, pleasant and comfortable as it may have been. Itis unfortunate there are no available records to accurately dis­close the number of people who have attended Mask and Wigshows. If the gross receipts can be used as a guide, togetherwith the known admissions sold in very recent years, there havebeen close to two million people from various parts of thecountry who have paid to attend a Mask and Wig performance.And the word "Paid" is used advisedly, since a hard and fastrule, never once deviated from is that there are no "papered"houses, even to the point of Club members paying full price fortheir tickets. Such complimentary passes as may be issued mustfall within the limitations of the Business Manager's exerciseof wisdom for press and publicity reasons.

In the undergraduate mind breaking a record is the big thingwhether it be in track, football or crew. Looking back overthe years, Mask and Wig was continuously breaking records,which in theatrical parlance means, "the box office". A singlepeformance of "Yankee League" on April 8th, 1893 estab­lished a "new High" for the Chestnut Street Opera House withreceipts of $2312., while ten years later, April lIth, 1903,"Sir Robinson Crusoe", at Atlantic City played to a house of

18

ncertain ~"

ange toUt

tne !tf~ijl'afor alm~:

ear!, in lij~

tnere Wi! ~dtOUf, M~:natotilijl'

t citie! in fI::

igne!t numy.:

to !ar tn!l~

erna~1 mij~

tnrou~n :

grou~ ~rm!

witn ~ro~~iry m!n lIi'

eco!m~~~

tion mn 'nat nitWit

nave ~1

accurilflH

Ma!K!nijl

guiae,l'em, (nm~us ~art!~.

ig ~erf~rmj'

narQ!nM

eno II~!~I'

gfull ~ncr~I Dei!!uw~

agd!1!1I:

$2787.5°. Three years later, May 4th, 1906, at a specialbenefit performance of "Shylock & Co., Bankers", at theAcademy of Music in Philadelphia given for the sufferers ofthe San Francisco earthquake, the "take" was $3696.5°. Thesefigures are of interest not only in the light of the subsequentyears, but illustrative of the growth of the Club's popularitywith the public. Glancing through some of the minutes andreports of early days discloses that at the Annual Meeting ofthe Club in June 1897, Clayton MclVfichael cautioned the in­coming Board not to anticipate gross revenues of over $9,000.Evidently the success of "Yankee League" with a hundred inthe cast and chorus, grossing over $ 15,000, had convincedsome Club members there was no end of constantly increasingreceipts. A year later, again with his usual caution andrestraint, McMichael admonished the members, suggestingtha t as the years rolled on the most optimistic outlook wouldjustify a season of not over $7,000. gross so that expensesincident to production should be adjusted accordingly. Yet theyears rolled on and McMichael's forecasts were swept asideby a constantly growing and demanding Mask and Wig public.For on Saturday April loth, 1920 at the Forrest Theatre, nowthe site of the Fidelity-Philadelphia Trust Building, the re­ceipts of the matinee were $3712.00 and in the evening,$4139.5°, or a day's total of $7851.5°. An all time high forthe Club as well as for this particular theatre. Figures suchas these would impress even the most hardened and jaded ofthe professional theatrical world, especially when it was coldhard cash paid by the public to witness a show put on by therankest of amateurs-college boys. In later years, when atwo weeks' run was ventured the gross in Philadelphia alonewas $72,639.55, and for the season of 1926, "A Sale and aSailor", $1°7,002.71, leaving a net profit of $19,787.98. Im­pressive, the most ardent of cynics will have to cheerfullyadmit. Even in 1941, with the run of a single week in Phila­delphia, grave wrinkles will appear in the Business Manager'sbrow if the gross in the City alone runs much under $3°,000.

But to return to earlier days when such glittering and semi­staggering figures were unheard and unthought of. After allthe patience and indulgence of interested families rightly hadtheir limitations. So with the growth of the Club and theaccompanying responsibilities, rooms were rented in 1891 at

I 006 Walnut Street. A Constitution and By-Laws wereadopted, and officers and an Executive Committee elected. Re­hearsals and meetings continued here until 1893, when thecondition of the Club's treasury, due in no small part to thegreat financial success of "Yankee League", warranted pur­chase of some sort of a property which could be used and calleda Club House.

Somehow it would seem McMichael and his group wereblessed with infinite wisdom and uncanny judgment for, theirchoice has, so far, withstood the test of time. Known from itsinception as "3 I 0 Quince Street", what became and continuesto be the Club House was purchased in December, I 893. Ithas remained, except for the installation of a few moderncomforts and conveniences, as originally planned by its creators.The history, the background and the tradition of this little butunique and incomparable Club House is fraught with interestand redolent with memories.

Originally the site in I 834 of St. Paul's Evangelical Luth­eran Church, later used as a dis.secting room by embryo studentphysicians from Jefferson Medical College, it was bought inthe early eighties by the late John B. Ellison, a member of awell known and distinguished Philadelphia family. In thosedays, Spruce Street, East of Broad was the heart of what waslooked upon as the center of the social and aristocratic life ofthe city, a carryover perhaps from the days when the bluebloods were suffused with the Whigs of English lineage. Itwas the era of the victoria, brougham, runabout and surrey ofthe Philadelphia man of affairs. Mr. Ellison converted suchstructure as was then in existence on the premises into stablesfor his horses, harness closets and carriage rooms.

Among the properties inspected was Mr. Ellison's stableand with the vision and hope indicative of youth, it was pur­chased for the sum of ten thousand dollars, some cash and thebalance on mortgage. To convert the stable into a usable ClubHouse presented a problem at which many might havequavered, but not those of stout hearts and great courage likethose who were responsible for the formation of the Club.Never wanting for friends, they enlisted the services of Mr.Wilson Eyre, later a distinguished architect of the City ofPhiladelphia, and a conversion was made. With the exceptionof a few of the small windows in certain of the stalls, which

20

~naolVs

me settimtact theBlion an(manas 0

rwaered~i!contri

(~anges

ouring d~lanning

rounaersmoitectirtistiC el

Reno~

liKe~issB

or~amza

o~corate

matter,

were l fOJ

a~o, witfJana the

In this~rname,

rontributHouse,TOree, 11

lor the I

n.rstcom

eo to theRoom thin the Aana thewere ere

tne repr

exaggerinew the'risn, in'successfl~iano, alora! mlwent de

nd BL. y. IWll

. Itteeelett~

ttl I~n, wk

o"small ~ln I:

e1 \Varrlijl~

dDeU!~IM(

~d nil ~O~'IJudgment 101'

e. KnOWijfr::

ecame ana ~;:

ecemOerll!;

of a lew m:.

~ned oy i~! crt:·tlon of tni!li~:

raugnt wit~ ~

sEvangeli~lt

Dyemoryo!o:

e, it wa! ~o~t

on, ameffioo

family, !~1

neart 01 ~~ll

aristocra~r~!

ays wnen ~I

glish lintl~

Dout ana ~llITI

on convtrt(~:

emimintom'

rooms,

r.Elli!oMyouth! it~'

some (a!~!I!

into aU!l~[1l

any mi~~t;reat cou~r-

tion of t~f lse~wol\of the r~

ith thet![q.

the stall!1 i

windows are still intact, a complete transformation took place.The setting as originally planned by Mr. Eyre has remainedintact these some forty-seven years, a tribute to his genius, hisvision and to his understanding of what would survive the de­mands of succeeding generations. These services, so wellrendered by Mr. Eyre, though not a member of the Club, werehis contribution to the young and struggling organization. Suchchanges and alterations as have been made from time to timeduring the last half century were under and subject to theplanning and supervision of Charles L. Borie, one of theFounders of the Club, who, as one of Philadelphia's leadingarchitects, has with consistency and care preserved the originalartistic ensemble.

Renovating and rebuilding the structure from a Church­like-dissecting room stable to a building suitable for a dramaticorganization was in itself an accomplishment. To finish anddecorate the interior in an appropriate manner was still anothermatter, for, it should be remembered, the interested groupwere, for the most part, just boys at college, some fifty yearsago, with little enough funds, but fired with the spirit of youthand the ambition to be of service to their University.

In this same period there was a youngster, Maxfield Parrishby name, then unknown in the world of art, whose artistic skillcontributed so much to the charm of the interior of the ClubHouse. An original painting, King Cole and his FiddlersThree, was the inspiration for the mural subsequently paintedfor the Club by Mr. Parrish. This is said to have been hisfirst commission. Bought by some of the members and present­ed to the Club, it has since hung on the South wall of the GrillRoom these many years. In addition, the mural over the stagein the Auditorium, recently restored to all its former beauty,and the early figures with the pegs on the walls of the Grill,were creations of Mr. Parrish and bear convincing tribute tothe reputation he subsequently achieved. It is, perhaps, noexaggeration to state that this Kin~ Cole mural introduced anew theme in the world of art and for which Maxfield Par­rish, in his time, became recognized as the outstanding andsuccessful exponent. Under the King Cole painting stands thepiano, a gift in memory of Francis P. Steele, a devoted andloyal member who lost his life when the S. S. "Burgoyne"went down. It is this same piano that has given birth to

21

countless Mask and Wig melodies and beat the rhythm fordancers, glee and all who gather round.

On the walls throughout the Grill Room are seen the names,with °an appropriate cartoon, of each alumni member of theClub. On a peg hangs his stein, which upon death is chainedto the wall, a silent reminder of a departed friend. Todaythere are some fifty permanently secured.

In the hallway is a stately and handsome Grandfather'sclock, a gift to the Club from the late Robert Glendinning.Though not a "Wigger", Mr. Glendinning gave it in memoryof his brother-in-law, Clayton F. McMichael. On the wallsare hung framed, the drawings, many of them the originals, ofthe program covers from "Lurline" to current shows. On thewalls of the stairway and in the Auditorium on the secondfloor are separate panels containing photographs in costumeof individual stars and chorus groups of each succeeding show,constant reminders of the days before yesterday. From theClub House have emerged some forty-seven productions, forwithin its walls are the cast and chorus rehearsed, trained andfinally whipped into a finished product for public perfonnance.

Here for many years in the late fall the annual preliminaries,a short play, written in some instances by an undergraduateand at other times by an alumni memberof the Club, were givenfor the purpose of selecting from among the students, the mostlikely talent for the cast for the "big" production. There weretwo distinct casts, from each of which were chosen the individ­uals best qualified for a final Saturday night performance.This was attended by the graduate members, the families,friends and of course the "best girl", now known as the "bigmoment" of the ambitious and hopeful young actors. Later socalled "skit nights" were held, in Houston Hall on the campus,offering an opportunity to the individual to demonstrate theparticular talent, be it musical or otherwise, with which he wasendowed or thought himself possessed. For a number of yearsthis method served its purpose for in this way the Committeeon Production could select those who showed sufficient abilityto qualify for the cast of the spring production. But with thechange to Thanksgiving week, freshmen were no longer per­mitted to participate in the "annual production". Accordingly,the undergraduate members of the Club were offered the op­portunity of supervising a play open only to freshmen which

22

\mven each:i;tlo~ed inblli\entirely

~iion of thIif,latent tnioehind~rt, these f

[I was at0j~ was he:Jrlhe EasIf Mask aitmthestudJ~lines, em~ thencei~tlwindo

:malto mal:iitnted,oo~uafford

~(h uimensl°roer, p~rried evi

~ou~! ove~Iintaining

Ijlj, howIluwell ser.II ex~resse

~uOlieation

~liry of Cl

WI\ ueservllievery finllie annual~ront!, camlillie supp

ijlhereities

ij!Governow!th the pWith the n

~ons bYml~em that ~

itnous mIna its 0\\1

eat the rn~

ar~ seen ~ijf :'mru rnemij~r (/on deatn i! ~l'ed frIend, i

orne Gra~ijIl~

Ooert Gl~ij~gave It i~ rot

ael. Onttflem tneori~,\'

ent InOW!, ~

ium on ili(~i

ograpn! ~~

en lucceedinil:terday, froo'

en proou~ij~

eamoltraiijM.uolicperfmm"nual prelimirr

an unoer~l:

neCluo,wmistudentl,tmt

etlon. Tnmcnolen In( i~I'

ight perlmJWI to( f~[:

nown a! Wt'

actor~ 11::

all on tn(~C;,

demon!tllll'

withwoitHtanumo(rij!~

ay the Co~:luffitientl'

on, But ~~~re no loni~~ i'

" Aceor~'offereeI~IIe I'

frelhrneniv

is given each spring in the Irvine Auditorium. This hasdeveloped into what is now known as the "Freshman Show."I t is entirely written, produced and staged under the sole di­rection of the undergraduate members of the Club. In thisway, latent talent is often discovered which eventually finds itsway behind the footlights of the "big show". For the mostpart, these freshmen shows are self-sustaining.

It was at the Club House on Quince Street that for manyyears was held the advance sale of tickets to the patronessesfor the Easter week show. So great had the popularity ofthe Mask and Wig become that the public at large competedwith the student body for tickets. Irrespective of the weather,long lines, extending from the Club House door down to Spruceand thence as far as Eleventh, were formed, days before theticket window opened. Indeed it became part of a freshman'sritual to maintain his place in line for whatever group he rep­resented. With the speculators and the hirelings of those whocould afford to employ a substitute, the line each year reachedsuch dimensions that the city police were detailed to maintainorder. Photographs in the daily newspapers of the timecarried evidence of a "Coxey" like army huddled in littlegroups over fires, often under umbrellas, forcibly at timesmaintaining their positions until the doors were opened. By1913, however, the value and need of the patroness systemhad well served its purpose. There was a growing resentment, ,I)

as expressed editorially and in articles in the undergraduatepublications against the Club for what was believed to be apolicy of catering to a preferred class. That such criticismwas deserved could not be denied, yet it was a fact that fromthe very first and for many years thereafter the support giventhe annual productions, which resulted in such substantialprofits, came for the most part from the generous and enthus­iastic support of the patronesses, both in Philadelphia and inother cities in which the Club played. Over the years the Boardof Governors tried various ways and means with which to copewith the problem. Eventually the issue was squarely met andwith the new system in effect today of applications for reserva­tions by mail, fairly and without favor administered, it wouldseem that the Club has solved what might well have become aserious matter, to the satisfaction of the students, the publicand its own members. For performances in outside cities, a

23

like system of ticket allotment is handled by a "Special Com­mittee" of local alumni. Too much credit cannot be given tothese groups of loyal Pennsylvanians who have contributed somuch to the success of the shows on the road. Recently seatsat half price on the opening night in Philadelphia have beenavailable only to the students at the University.

During the past three years, the' entire house for "StudentNight" has been sold out in less than an hour at the ticketoffice on the campus. This is evidence once more of the in­terest and support given to Mask and Wig by the entirestudent body.

Then again there is the business and social side at the ClubHouse-Board meetings, Committee meetings, luncheons,smokers, entertainments and receptions for our own as wellas other college and university athletic teams and variousundergraduate organizations. Parties are likewise given for

• stars of the professional stage and members of the newspaperworld.

There are many Club functions each year, but by far themost important is the Founders' Night Dinner, an eveningwhen Club members gather to do homage to the Founders.There is song, fun and merriment except for the moment whenin silence a toast is drunk to those who have gone before.Starting with "Lurline" and coming down to the current show,the old stars assembled from near and far, sing their songs,yes, and even dance to the music of yesterdays. Who will everforget McMichael, Frazier, Forbes singing "Tic-Tac" fromthe very first show, and Carl Martin's "I Cannot Find MyTrilby", and Charlie Morgan's "Little Red Riding Hood",and Stanley Reinhart's "Listen to the Eagle Scream", butwhy go on, they all bring happy memories of bygone days.

It is interesting to note that on the 50th Anniversary Dinner,seventy-five per cent of the living Club members were presentand all but one surviving Founder.

"Open House", as it is called, takes place after the lastSaturday night performance in Philadelphia. At this occasionthe graduate members and their families play hosts to the boysin the Show. Supper is served in the Auditorium and the castand chorus go through their routines, interspersed with num­bers by the old "Grads".

~~tner evd,J/lor!t lntd;'Ion! nJee~

jlrtend wei;110 meet t

j~w !rom tII~mO!t suJm~.nve e)m took P~~t factor i;Wi~ Dut tfuou~o al:imtne qu~r~ for ov,:~rintermil

1{i~nt homle cancer:IIDe digni:~ofnaive I:ID~!e inci~t~into and:~Ilne mel!:Irnn all b:~Ievening

,!!oeso:TInting ap

;t~1 for untiWig Club.~~liment!

'Mife, PeD:111 ran hnd~written

"ThHeEa

MAIStKi

NoDi

social !ian!~

meetin~, [',

for Our ~ij', (

tiC team! l~h

are liKeHi!!~her! of ilie~;,'

year, ~u! ~j:

I Dinner, ~fage to (~d[

t for tnem~m(:I'

ho nave ~~ut ~

nto tnerulf"far, !in~ l~tii[

rday!, m~r;

'ng "Ti~Tu'.

"I Cann~!~'

Red RiQi~l~

Eagle &m'of brgone ~i:

Anniver~lry ~

embmwertf

Another event born in recent years is Fathers and SonsNight, first introduced in 1932. Graduate Club members andtheir sons meet for dinner at 310 Quince, then in front rowseats attend the show in the evening and between acts go backstage to meet the cast and chorus and inspect the workings ofa show from the other side of the curtain. This party hasproved most successful and the sons varying in ages from eightto twenty-five enjoy the old time stories of the days when theirfathers took part in the cast or chorus, and it has proved apotent factor in bringing these sons closer not only to Maskand Wig but to the University of Pennsylvania.

Through all these various occasions and club gatheringsappears the quaint figure of John Weaver, the faithful coloredsteward for over thirty years and his devoted wife Carrie, theformer intermittently discharged and always re-engaged withinforty-eight hours. After Weaver's death came Gilpin Gant,likewise concerned and interested in the welfare of the mem­bers, the dignity and the standards of the Club, possessing asense of naive loyalty so often characteristic of the Negro race.All these incidents, episodes and many more unrecited are

,woven into and are part and parcel of the traditions, the mem­ories, the mellowed feelings of the Club House. Even theecho can all but be heard in the Grill of that memorable andcritical evening of October 17, 1899 when Clayton McMichael ~

rose, as he so well could, to meet a challenge and with thatconvincing approach and firm manner preserved, it is to behoped, for untold generations the life and force of the Maskand Wig Club.

Sentiments do and should have at times a place in everyone's life. Perhaps the feeling of a "Wigger" for 310 QuinceStreet can find no better expression or meaning than in thepoem written by Thomas B. Donaldson,

"There is the Door which marked a League,Held in the Bonds of Mask and WigEach Dog, each Door must have its day.

Much more this Door had nights they say.All those who through its portals stept,Stood equal-Rank aside was swept.Kings were with Fools comingled, then,

As in one Brotherhood of men.No Portals e'en in all this EarthDid open into Greater Mirth

Where Welcome was the counter sign,In all that Welcome can combineGood Fellows young and old passed through,

Did Homage to the Red and Blue.Old Door Vale-Your Duty's DoneOne Time-"3Io"-your Race was run,Rest for "'TIhere's only room for one."

Though there have been upward of three thousand menparticipate in fifty-four productions, there have been only 249elected to graduate membership in the Club. In the earlyyears under the By-laws, eligibility to membership was limitedto those who had a speaking part in the annual production,which may explain a legend that at the final production ofSaturday night in Philadelphia often a member of the choruswould be given a line to speak and so become eligible forelection to the Club.

It was the custom in early times in selecting candidates toissue an annual call in the college paper and the lure of thechance of appearing on the stage always produced materialfor the show. The successful candidates were even willing toformally agree to pay a forfeit of $3.00 if they withdrew be­fore a given date and $5.00 if they quit thereafter. Such apolicy served its initial purpose, but with the original groupgraduating with their respective classes and entering the bus­iness and professional world, it was inevitable that a decidedand drastic change would have to be made if the Club was tosurvive as part of the life of the University. Inklings of thiswere first to be found at the fifth anniversary in 1893 with "TheYankee League". Though financially a success, the partici­pation in the production for the first time of graduates createda problem which came to a head at the end of the first decadeof the Club in 1899. Perhaps it was constant success coupledwith a normal amount of egotism that accounted for a realdivision in opinion among the members as to the future of theClub. That there was a strong and decided opinion among nota few that the Club should no longer be an integral part of theUniversity was clearly evidenced from the Minutes of a meet­ing held October loth, 1899. Even Clayton McMichael wasstrongly disposed to a severance from college ties and thecontinuation of the group as some sort of a Bohemian andvagabond dramatic association. Fortunately final action wasdeferred for a week during which time the members conferred

26

:'~\lea the g

~~t~, On 0,'~ wnlch wa~ I f h,r~~ve 0 t'~rlf and fr,~11O ail orc~

:11~nn!rlvant

ml ~reate~t

l~ld,

'~rullna witI ,

~I~ eXI~tenc

J~niversl~

,~tl ufiaergr

':~~t time~~, Illis de:i~l~ated t

::i6llone ar

:Fillulisnow;Itllining n:lrure,

lilji~One by::l~f a grad~Itm(ne u

Jrurce~~, t,mrmusicwa

~nf the d'In/lime ill

lOO11l~o~ed

.Ii~,~ut it IV

l;near~ th~~, Man;'Illnd will

:~t~to! tim

:I~~nt years

,I!lndhas w;!wnr~ is evi:l.lrl!forMa:IWtrlll the:~~dnrst b':lijtlails o!t'II~~I( of 0

lUe

as run,one."

:hree tnoijl~have D~f~ ~lluo, !~ ~Ioer!llirWi!~annual ~r~

hnal ~roiju~moeroftt,>

oecom~ f~;"!"

eetin~~~::

and tn~ 1m

prOaUCfijlli

ere ~ven r~

f theJwiloo:

therealttr, ~

the oriW~11;

denttrinifu

aole tnatlK

if tnt (I~~r

.' I~ID~'in Ii~Ji~

•uccelll t~:

f gradualfii

oitndr,;

ant lurce~j(

counttij 1m,

oilieruwll'

opinion if

integral~l~'

Minutt!nll'

nMc~liroii

]lege titl~a Bont~t

Iv nnal ld:'emomu"

and discussed the gravity of the question with which they wereconfronted. On October 17th, Clayton McMichael delivereda speech, which was remarkable for its clarity of thought andso indicative of the broad vision and bigness of the man. Hehad clearly and frankly reversed his position. McMichael'splea not to divorce the Mask and Wig Club from the Univer­sity of Pennsylvania was carried by a vote of the Club membersand the greatest crisis in the history of the Club was facedand settled.

Openly and without reservation the justification for thecontinued existence of the Mask and Wig as part and parcelof the University was clearly and firmly established. At thesame time, undergraduates, by amendment of the By-laws, werefor the first time given recognition in the executive affiairs ofthe Club. This decided and healthy change in policy has con­tinued unabated throughout the years till today the under­graduates alone are practically responsible for the productionof the annual show, the Alumni Advisory Committee, however,wisely retaining final decision as to matters of policy andexpenditure.

In days gone by with few exceptions, the book or play waswritten by a graduate member of the Club but in the morerecent years the undergraduates have likewise taken over withmarked success, this additional responsibility. For manyyears the music was for the most part "borrowed" from popu­lar hits of the day and suitable lyrics substituted., Over aperiod of time many good musical numbers appeared in theshows composed by both graduate and undergraduate Clubmembers, but it was Charles Gilpin who about 19°0 first andfor many years thereafter produced a complete musical scorewith lyrics. Many of his songs are still sung today at Clubfunctions and will always be recalled as melodies which havemet the test of time.

In recent years Clay Boland has taken over where Gilpin _left off and has written complete musical scores. The meritof his work is evidenced by the demand of nationally knownorchestras for Mask and Wig mUSIC. Boland's songs are alsoheard over all the large radio net works and have many timesbeen ranked first by the listening audience polls.

The details of the Club organization are of no great momentand at best of only passing interest. The dignity of a legal

status of a corporate body was acquired by securing a Charterin the Common Pleas Courts of Philadelphia County in N 0­

vember, 1892, through the services of George Quintard Hor­witz, an able and well known member of the bar of his day.Suffice it is to say there is the usual provision for the standardoffices, President, Vice-President, Secretary, and Treasurer towhich was later added a Business Manager and an Historian.

The Executive Committee, once called a Board of Govern­ment, now named the Board of Governors, consists of graduateand undergraduate members with majority graduate repre­sentation. Upon this Board is placed the executive andadministrative responsibilities of the Club. Many other im­portant Committees have been created, the principal one beingthe Committee on Production which has the full responsibilityof staging the annual show. The Administrative, House andElective Committees are standing Committees elected or ap­pointed for the full ye'ar period, while Special Committees areappointed by the President as the need arises.

Since 1899, membership has been two fold-alumni andundergraduate. Eligibility to undergraduate membershiprequires a candidate to be a bona fide student of the Universityof Pennsylvania who has taken an active part in some capacityin an annual production. U ndergraduates are elected to mem­bership by the Board of Governors upon recommendations ofthe undergraduate Club members. Undergraduate BusinessManagers are elected in the same manner and are responsiblefor the publicity, properties, care of costumes and many otherdetails involved in the production of a show. Today the under­graduate members have their own Chairman and Secretaryand hold regular meetings on the campus. Undergraduatemembership terminates with the graduating year of the mem­ber's class. Graduate membership is composed of three types,Alumni, Life and Honorary.

Upon graduation the name of a man properly nominated,seconded and endorsed by graduate members appears beforethe Graduate Elective Committee for consideration and vote.Elections are based not only on personal character but uponthe record in the show and the qualificatio~s to carry on thework, traditions and responsibilities of the Club in the future.Statistics indicate that an average of only four have beenelected to graduate membership each year, which from the per-

~~~, a~gle.l~i~atlOg 1

;"'ntlnued~\V •

~~ am~le 1

~~n,

~('tne de)ro~,r! of tIt~ [ue con;~n, indiv I

'~Ili(e or a";m~led ou

'rro~riate';!~I (oulst

~fi~,Merri~1!nd Tr:JltO in II

'Iml}' y'~!nd stel~O~ was~uihJs. F:Ilno~erso

~j,m has~m\mhip t'lffi1measure

Wm any;!~rular outIRference tl

J~no oettf

;lnwns are I

J]t!lned aIf\urlesquI l't .,mlllce,lr

i!mffi~anied

~~rolessio,~lli few eXCt

'l~u!te merM:\0 matter

~~moing bu

~rtr~ermit!

:Iffiemoers

~1rn!tural

s:curing aG:

ilia Couo~'rge QUIOhrijl

he bar olrul'

n for theit!I"I and Trellij;

and an Hiitiji

Boaro 01 ~~~onsist!ol~i

ty graaUaltl'the exeallirf

l

. Manrm~1:principal onf~

efull re~~~.trative, H~li_

ttmelectMc'al Conuni~w.

eso

fold-alulduate memkl

t of tne Unirm

rt in !Ome~~I,

are electeijlou

ecommenijl~~l

rgraduate ~m:

and arem~:

es ana manll:

TodarWftan ana &c~

, Unaerw::year oHM;

sed oftnm~

operlr no~::rs appear!keration a~~ r.

haracter ~UI\

15 to carry 00'

"'luD in tne nt"' \Y four nall 'hieh frolD~~

centage angle is quite small considering the number of menparticipating in the annual shows of the past fifty odd years.The continued success of the Club throughout the years wouldseem ample justification of the wisdom of these methods ofelection.

Since the death of Clayton McMichael there have been manymembers ·of the graduate club to whom may be rightly attri­buted the continued success of the organization. To mentionanyone individual, however, might well be interpreted as aninjustice or a lack of proper appreciation to or for others notso singled out. In a few instances the Club itself has takenappropriate action. At the Annual Meeting in November,1926, Coulston, Forbes, Frazier, Kelley, George Kendrick,Meigs, Merrick, Frederick Neilson, John Mohr, Rosengarten,Starr and Trotter, the then surviving members who had parti­cipated in "Lurline" were elected to Honorary Membership.In 1933, J. Warren Coulston who had served the Club faith­fully and steadily for over forty years in most every officialcapacity was elected as the first and so far only PresidentEmeritus. Free from the bias of fraternity ties, social stand­ing and personal favoritism, the policy of the Club throughoutthe years has been guided by a de-sire to elect to graduatemembership those whose spirit s·omehow will, in the course oftime measure up to a sense of loyalty and service.

Were any attempt made to discuss, however, briefly, anyparticular outstanding production, it would of necessity includea reference to practically everyone of the total given. Per­haps no better instance can be found to illustrate that "com­parisons are odious" than that all Mask and Wig shows. havemaintained a high level of excellence within their chosen field.The burlesque or the travesty has been consistently used asthe vehicle, interspaced with musical and dancing numbers andaccompanied now and then with a "take off" on some outstand­ing professional production of the time. The book or librettowith few exceptions has been the product of alumni or under­graduate members of the Club.

No matter what the dialogue, lyrics or scene may be, anunbending but healthy rule of the Committee on Productionnever permits an audience to draw a conclusion other than thatthe members of the company are boys and boys alone. How­ever natural it may be for a group of any given period to

believe that the productions of its time, with incidents, ex­periences and episodes everlastingly embedded in their mem­ories, were outstanding for their success and fame, no suchviewpoint accounts for the place the Mask and Wig has madefor itself. Rather may the answer be found in the realizationthat the pattern is but a composite picture of some fifty-fourshows, interwoven with the spirit of an unselfish devotion to acommon ideal.

In searching for a formula to explain the constant and con­sistent growth of Mask and Wig, a realist will try to assimilatethe facts, the critic resort to analysis, the cynic seek for themotive, the sentimentalist look for an emotion, but none ofthese approaches would seem to lead to the sought for solution.Perhaps the answer will be found in reflecting upon the gamutof over half a century of time, out of which there cannot helpbut come a flood of memories. Memories suggestive of akaleidoscopic picture-rehearsals-dancing-music-each sug­gestive of practice-coaches-instruction with the familiarpersonalities of McMichael, Morgan, Gilpin, Rogers, Lavino,Hartenstein, Boland and a host of others-overtures, with thegenial "Eddie" Beale as conductor from "Lurline" till hisdeath in 19 I 2, followed by Richard Schmidt and in more recentyears, "Joe" Follmann-curtain-opening chorus, actots, afew of whom have gained a modicum of success behind the"bright lights of Broadway" and Hollywood,-costumes,-thefirst visit to Van Horns, who have with but two or three ex­ceptions costumed all of the shows-wigs,-paint-powder­Herr Boch and ponderous "Father Joseph", in real life PaulAlbrecht, who for two generations in their own gruff butfriendly way made handsome girls out of homely boys, suc­ceeded by "Daddy" Lerch, held in such high regard by laterday "Wiggers"-flowers-handsome bouquets, yes even in thelong long ago there were sweethearts who did remember theirflaming youths behind the footlights-applause-thrills-en­cores-Club Nights-somehow the old timers always comeback-Philadelphia's last night-farewell speeches-finale­Hail Pennsylvania-curtain-an endless stream of memoriesfitting together to form a vivid picture.

Perhaps the justly deserved and well merited fame of thedancing chorus for all these years offers an explanation andsuggests the real answer. In 1897 from "Very Little Rid-

3°

.~~l ili~;,Jltd the 1

:(I~~ has bmr other

I 'h~ij~ whle:mt, The~ijwn its st;ro ina its I

., It was t;ij! i1Capt

:~~(titme

ltyer fa~lijrlOsingl

\!!Klneimp: Int roste:'i~iteQ in ~

~~m attain,],mfakalJ e:6jiijnsas w'u~ijn, PerIf to coui:m~onl thatI rnrteristie

~~!! neen sai:v~~tt To I

) Ina Wig

~~ijwever,

1(I~n nas ai;lml an inffu

]l~rsto coiffilUtr of pl)lfiU shape I

:I~! achang''~ln the un~niture, It~1HocomeJ~t1will in!I(!UO will co,~!l~trsi~ 0fl~lI(1Vas wri.~~ all thes

·Constant ~~iji

1I trytoall~cynic leeK I~I'60nl ~ut ~[I'

ougnt for w~:

gUpon t~efi'

tnere tann les Sug~eihff(,

USiH~ml

witn tne ItI RogerlJl'

\'ertuml~~:

"Lurline" ~

ana in ffi~rlliir

cnorm, ~ct~~

uccm ~e~~:

-cOltUffifll-:

t two orlmff:

palnt-~~I'I:·

in real lilt

ir own ~

homely Oo~

hregara ~1,~tSI~elmn!,'

dremem~fiC

use-tnrml-'

ers alwaj!~

peecne!~ni~earo 01 mtml

!

ited lam~ ~I, f

explanallOO

Very Liuld

ing Hood" there emerged a figure to whom may well beattributed the inspiration of the dancing choruses for whichthe Club has become famous. For Charlie Morgan, morethan any other member, set the standard of terpsichoreanexecution which with changing ingenuity, has stood the testof time. The Mask and Wig has never been out of step-ithas known its stride and kept within it. Its field is peculiarlyits own and its productions are designed for Mask and Wigalone. It was therefore not surprising that after a successfulseason of "Captain Kidd, U.S.N." professionals endeavoringto produce it met with disastrous results.

Whatever fame a "Wigger" as such may attain is shortlived for to single out anyone individual as outstanding wouldbe to ask the impossible. But the Club is proud, and rightfullyso, of the roster of those who have throughout these yearsparticipated in Mask and Wig productions. It includes manywho have attained leadership and recognition in the judicial,legal, medical, educational, diplomatic, theatrical and artisticprofessions as well as in the commercial and industrial life ofthe nation. Perhaps a contributing reason for the success thathas come to countless "Wiggers" can be traced to that senseof devotion, that spirit of unselfishness, that feeling of loyalty,so characteristic of the spirit of Mask and Wig.

It has been said that no wise man ever commits himself asa prophet. To forecast or visualize what the future of theMask and Wig may be is not the prerogative of an historian.It can, however, be assumed, and justly so, that the Mask andWig Club has a future. To what extent it will continue to beas potent an influence with the public as well as on the campusin the years to come, as it has in the past, would at the momentbe a matter of pure conjecture. It can and should define itspolicy and shape its course to meet the necessities and require­ments of a changing world. Its foundations have been solid,built with the understanding of the truths and decencies ofhuman nature. Its leaders have been wise and courageous. Inthe days to come may those who are to carry the responsibility,which they will inherit, do so in such a way that the Mask andWig Club will continue to serve, the reason of its existence,the University of Pennsylvania.

A lyric was written in the early days by Clayton McMichaeland sung all these years as the song of the Mask and Wig.

3 1

Diligent search has failed to disclose the original source ofthe music to which the words were adapted, but the song"There's Only Room for One" became the toast of Mask andWig and so with pardonable pride the "Wigger" can raisehis glass, filled to the brim with glorious memories of the pastand drink a toast to the loyalty and enthusiasm of countlessundergraduates, to the several millions of generous and under­standing friends, to those of its own ranks and to competitorsof other colleges and universities and looking with confidenceto the future, ask, "Why is there only one Mask and WigClub ?" Because

There's only room for one,There's only room for one.Then here's a swig of a toast so big,Straight from the heart of the Mask and Wig,There's only room for one,There's only room for one.We'd drink to you,A toast for two,But there's only room for one.

SOME FINANCIAL ASPECTS

An inquiry quite often made, and naturally so, is "Does theMask and Wig make any money and if so, where does it go ?"The answer to the first part of the question is "Yes", while tothe second, "With certain reservations, to the University ofPennsylvania."

From the very first the Club always seemed to be able toturn in a sizable profit. A substantial portion of the earningsin the early days were naturally and rightfully used to establisha workable reserve, build and pay for the Club House, and itsfurnishings. It is quite evident, however, from examination ofminute books of the early times that the Mask and Wig wouldseem to have been the one and only organization which couldbe counted upon to help support the athletic teams, the musicalclubs, and other kindred student activities. Indeed the Clubmust have been looked upon as a sort of rich and indulgentclose relative, for in the minutes of the Board of May 15th,189 I, there is a notation to the effect "that after paying billof the Glee and Banjo Club, no bad debts of college organiza­tions to again be paid."

3 1

r~r!numbIm~re orl~' Mounj !~e conse

;~ funos ,.i~inoWll~Im~ry of

~ 1~o1'

,\lln~rears

:ijniversi~

'wr!for th:Iuuggle b

,~~ to the:ijlwisoom:tritaole II

:,1~r oespitytne ever

!Mwith t~lmra to t,llr~for wo

;li~l!eO and

l'l~1 tne nnal~l~n~ negoti.~ In~ Univel

Jli ~ront fr.~il,lne Boar:'OOtro withijiolten left~!n the h

i111 for ano

"in~ from 1':lrroductio

\~ivtr!ity auI,m l~j~ beg,miu/1. Rea;Il!!tm with

,~: ~r and for~lln(e, the B,~fnl Detweel~f rrnnsylva'OOnlriDution!

~nal !ou~.1 but tn~).stof Mill.g~erll tan ~

rtes oft~q

sm 01 to~~rous anQ~1

dto com~~~~wltn conij~;

MasK ln~ ~

so, I! IID~5L

ere do~!itl::

IYes1l1W~[

eUnivmi~

ed to Dt 1\11'

01 tnt ~m~I'

used tOt!II'House1loj'

examinl~ ..

and Wi~W1.

tion wniw«:

ams, tntm~~ndeed tnt (

hand InQ~I~

of Ma!I!;fter ~a)1fii:

liege or~~

For a number of years the contributions and gifts were madeon a more or less hit and miss basis; a sort of first come, firstserved. Around 19°° a sounder policy was formulated so thatwith the conserving of the annual profits over a numbe-r ofyears, funds were available for the erection in 19°8 of TheMask and Wig Dormitory at the University of Pennsylvaniain memory of Clayton F. McMichael who died on September28th, 1907.

As the years rolled on various gifts were made, such as fundsfor University students' ward, the Training House, shells andlaunches 'for the crews, the Provosts' House, yet there was everthe struggle between those who argued that all profits be­longed to the University and those who thought it the betterpart of wisdom to retain a portion in the Club's treasury forthe inevitable "rainy day". The beliefs of the former domin­ated, for despite the cautious and sound advice of Howard K.Mohr the ever increasing revenues were distributed in toto.Flushed with the easy profits of the carefree 20'S, the Clubsubscribed to the lure and beauty of the installment plan andpledged for worthy purposes, such as the Chair of Dramatics, •anticipated and unearned profits. With the collapse of valuesin 1929, the finances of the Club could not help but be affected.

Having negotiated a bank loan in order to meet th~ pledgesowed the University and exercising every bit of ingenuity tomake a profit from the annual show and meeting with littlesuccess, the Board of Governors during the early 1930's wasconfronted with a seemingly never ending financial problem.It was often left to the flip of a coin to determine who shouldmeet with the hard headed banker and assure him that arenewal for another year was the wisest of fiscal policies.Changing from Easter to Thanksgiving week for the Phila­delphia production and with close cooperation on the part ofthe University authorities, the darkened financial plight of theClub in 1935 began to brighten so that all indebtedness waspaid in full. Realizing that it was time a sensible and intelli­gent system with respect to the future earning's of the Clubbe set up and fortified with the knowledge gained from pastexperience, the Board of Governors voted to create a trustag'reement between the Club and the Trustees of the Univer­sity of Pennsylvania. Briefly summarized, it provides thatClub contributions to the extent of $ I 0,000 shall constitute

iJl Rowi:11!n Inter.!llu

.I!hl

'111u !peciliKingFran~mated)

ill! AthIe~I!l Marin

proceeforIEslim

II!! Rowin:~ !pecia

tie Rheneafuleri~

!~ !nit!

·I Tea,,11 j~ Athlen

:'1 Ire 00~~dakelf~as 10~~~ consl

'lm~ Den':1, it is r

;~one m)w~nies

'fwnsylvl

r~~ totalHurtling:llt~~ Ma!11~ding

following

~Iimita

1m Ci!i!~ Fo~tb.II~ UDiVli:jl Debt

Clu, Univ· Leidyl,'jl Rega• LeidI~ Athie

ing

34

fund "A" and be subject at all times to withdrawal by the Club.The University is to invest such money as may from time totime comprise the said fund "A" and interest thereon is pay­able annually to fund "B". So long as there is $10,000 in fund"A", additional contributions form a second trust to becomepermanently part of fund "B". When such accumulationswith interest, added thereto in fund "B" reach a sizable sum,it may then be expended on some project for the Universitysubject to the consent and approval of the Trustees of theUniversity of Pennsylvania and the Board of Governors ofthe Club. Such a plan would seem to meet foreseeable contin­gencies and it is hoped that in the not too distant future fund"B" will permit Mask and Wig to once more make a definiteand concrete contribution to the University. This agreementbecame effective on November 7th, 1939. At present there is$ 10,000 in fund "A" and interest accumulating in fund "B."

There follows a statement, as accurate as the records willpermit, o'f the contributions made by the Club to the Universityas well as a list of the gifts to non-University interests.

It must be remembered that the net profits are available eachyear for distribution only after deductions for the cost ofproduction, rail transportation and operation of the ClubHouse. The income from the small dues and occasionalrentals received from members and college organizations areadmittedly insufficient to meet the Club's carrying charges. Thetotal of the cost of Club House overhead over a period offifty odd years approximates at least $15°,000.

Where the actual figures have been unattainable, they havebeen estimated, so noted, and are on the conservative side. Tothe direct contributions made to various phases of Universitylife, there has been added an estimated proportion of thecharges of the railroad for the annual trip, now taken in aspecial train. A Pullman car has been named for the Club, adistinction enjoyed by few if any other amateur, collegiate orotherwise, organization in the country. An examination of theavailable Treasurer's reports irrespective of the system ofbookkeeping, clearly indicates in practically every instance thateven if all the performances in the respective cities on a giventrip shows a gain, the cost of transportation acts as a decidedoffset. This deficit is met from the substantial profits generallyaccruing from the performances in Philadelphia. Since these

trips are obviously in the interest of the University and canonly be taken with its consent and approval, it would seem fairas well as logical that some portion of this cost of transporta­tion be considered as a further, if indirect, contribution to andfor the benefit of the University. As a result of these annualtrips, it is reasonable to state that the Mask and Wig Clubhas done more than its share in spreading far and wide thephilosophies of Benjamin Franklin, Founder of the Universityof Pennsylvania.

The totals of the figures are not only of interes.t, but theyare startling and impressive for it must always be rememberedthat the Mask and Wig Show is composed of a group of collegeboys finding their inspiration in service to their Alma Mater.

Following is the list of contributions, subject to the fore­going limitations and explanations:

35

6/5/93 Rowing Committee 500.00

12/2/93 Inter-Scholastic Cup 100.00

3/28 /94

Outsid~ Contributions

Yale University Infirm-ary $500.00

Children's Country Home,Washington, D. C 200.00

Special performance of"King Arthur" for CityCharity Fund (Estimated) 250.00

Mrs. Lincoln for Wash-ington Charity . . . . . . .. 250.00

115.70

100.00

35.00

25°·0025.00

Contributions to UniversityFootball Team $ 100.00

University Hospital 250.00

Debts of Glee & BanjoClubs .

University Hospital .Leidy Memorial Fund .Regatta Committee .Leidy Memorial Fund ..Athletic Assn. for Train-

ing House 75°.00

Year9/2 5/8912/6/905/1 5/9 1

5/10/92

6/6/92

4/12/93

4/13/94

4/19/94 Special performance of"King Arthur" benefit ofFranklin Field Fund (Esti-mated) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 250.00

6/5/94 Athletic Association .... 500.00

3/27/95 Matinee "Kenilworth" netproceeds given to Provostfor use in University(Estimated) 250.00

7/1/96 Rowing Association 250.00

5/5/97 Special performance "Lit-tle Red Riding Hood"ben e fit undergraduateathletics (Estimated) ... 200.00

6/3/99 Suits for Freshmen Base-Team 100.00

11/21/99 Athletic Association 210.00

ainaole,tnt!l

ervabn !i~/. :

ses of U~i\lf

roportio~ ~I

noW tIKW:,ed for (n~.

teur, CO~~~I\xaDlina~o~ .

of tne IfII

very in!la~«~

ecitie! on i :

acts a! a~1;

Iprohls ~ft~hia, ~i~~~

aWal OJ (n~~

ay fromli~t thereoni!$ r.

!Olooom;trust (ok

eh accumw!!

eh aSiZI~I~or the Unill~

Tru!l~~!ijlof Gov~mij~oreseea~l~a"

istant furur~~

ema~~ l~f:Thi! I~U:t pm~ntl~rl

gin fun~lIi,:

sthe mm~

to th~ Urnrrr,

inteml!,

aremill~II'

s for (n~[!

tion of ln~ [s and ot~i~

organiZ!~ool

.ingch!r~fl,:om I ~ ',!

6/1/06 Trustees of U. of P 1788.87

6/20/05 Trustees of U. of P. TrustFund . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5000.00

II/27/05 Tutoring Fund for Base-ball Team 15°.00

Gift for Robt. G. Torrey,Capt. of Football Team 7S.OO

S/IS/06 Pittsburgh Alumni Society 300.00"

6/1/06 Trustees of U. of P.Trust Fund SOOO.oo

S/13/07 Senior Fence 73.586/6/07 Trustees of U. of P. Trust

Fund sooo.oo5/14/08 Trustees of U. of P. Trust

to Fund. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 25000.008/26/10 (This sum with $15,000.

heretofore appropriatedrepresented cost of Mc­Michael Memorial Dormi­tory.)

417 /10 Trustees of U. of P. TrustFund for Provost House 5<x>o.00

10/I9/10 Athletic Association .... 100.0012/1/10 Trustees of U. of P. Trust

Fund furnishing Mask &Wig Dormitory 1854.9°

3/2/II Rowing Committee 50.00 ~I Miscellaneouto U. of 1

Coftor

'IIII 1911

: III Truste,II Fund

alII AlulDn'

',/11

liMI! Photog,Vll 1912 C:'IM Extra f

1111II Trustee.I Fund1110/11Crew1'1

11/11 General

'liIl TrusteeFund

.'l/ll General;)lll Trustee

Fund(This plbon wamountswas spepurchaseHouse,)

,II~ Universiol/l!General:~111 Base Ho

Base1111/11 General'II/Ii

II/Ii EquipmenlIwlla University

cil '"IjW University

Camp

Ilw U,oIP, CII~

IPI Memorialfor men

I war."111I University':1~/li Fumishin~, Dormitor1/11 Cup for R'11/11 e

'1/llAlterarions

~lll Dormitory

OutJide ContributionJ

Mrs. Reyburn, profits ofWashington Show for lo-cal charity 434.1SProfits of WilmingtonShow for local charity .. 800.00Country Home for chil-dren, Baltimore 200.00

Mrs. Reyburn, Washing-ton Charity 300.00Special Performance "Shy-lock & Co.," benefit Cali-fornia Earthquake Suffer-ers loso.60

180.00Soo.oo

Special benefit perform-ance for WilliamsportHospital (Estimated) 200.00

New University Museum 1000.00Athletic Assn. Football

coaches .............. 200.00University gym n a s i u m

Fund ............... 1000.00Athletic Fund .......... 100.00Athletic Fund .......... 100.00Athletic Fund ........... 1°3.00Students Ward University

Hospital ............. 2S0.ooMarble for new swimming

pool ................ 100.00Cathedral House, Manila 100.00

ContributionJ to UniverJityCombined Musical Clubs

debt ... . . .... . ..... . 3$.00Penn - Columbia debating

teams 2S.oo

S/22/0S

YearII/II/oo

1217/00

3/23/01

2/22/021/14/03

2/18/03

4/2 7/0 312/1S/034/12/ 0 4S/10/04

S/10/04

9/12/04 Photograph Fund .12/8/04 University Training House1904

37

500.00

Outside Contributions

Burton T. Scales TributeFund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 200.00

Belleau Wood MemorialAssn .

Special contribution notdesignated . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.00

Emergency Aid of Phila.(This sum includes $200.which was won by E. M.Lavino for writing the li­bretto in competition theright to which he gener-ously waived.) 2015.73

C h a r i ty Club, WilkesBarre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 100.00

Seamen's Church Inst. .. 722.21

77°·00500.00

U. of P. Club of New York 1000.00

Memorial at Universityfor members killed inwar .

University Boathouse FundFurnishings Mask & Wig

Dormitory .Cup for Relay Carnival .

Contributions to University19II Class Record 30.00Trustees of U. of P. Trust

Fund for Provost House 5000.00Alumni Fund 200.00

"7/2 /20

1920

1923 Miscellaneous contributionsto U. of P. 645.00

3/4/21

11/29/21

5/1 / 22

5/1 3/2 7.

10/10/22 Alterations Mask & WigDormitory . . . . . . . . . .. 2806.87

6/31/18 Equipment for Base Hosp. 254.3410/10/20 University Debating Coun-

cil 100.001920 University Christian Assn.

Camp 10.00

Year

5/8/ II1O/17/II

5/22 / 125/4/12

5/28/12 Photograph Fund 205.359/5/12 1912 Class Record....... 25.009/25/13 Extra football coaching .. 400.0010/31/12 Trustees of U. of P. Trust

Fund for Provost House 5000.0010/10/14 Crew Launch 250.0010/27/14 General Alumni Fund... 200.007/1/15 Trustees of U. of P. Trust

Fund for Provost House 1500.0010/6/15 General Alumni Fund... 200.0010/7/15 Trustees of U. of P. Trust

Fund for Provost House 8500.00(This plus the accumula-tion w~th the Trusteesamounts to $25,000, whichwas specifically used forpurchase of P r ov 0 s tHouse.)

6/9/16 University Camp 50.0010/27/16 General Alumni Fund... 200.007/24/17 Base Hospital Ambulance,

Base Hospital No. 20 .. 3438.5010/26/17 General Alumni Fund... 200.005/22/18

tyburn, Will:.,

ari~ """"..PtrfOnDaflU :~

OJ.," ~nf~1 rl~'

Earth~uale ~:i',... ",,,,,,,,,,

Iv/sidt COlin

! LurlineI; rBen Franklin

1';~Miss ColMumb" d rs11'I~Mr, an 'l;r~Tbe Yankeelij;~Kin~ Arthur'l'I~Kendworth'II-No Gentlemal:;~~VerY Little ~111!~The Hous~1!lrCaptain ~,dd,/»'"'Mr, AgUlnal1~I~Baa, Baa, Bl,prOl~ King Col;~i-Sir Robinson,;-Alice in Ano':~-Mr, Hamlet ~~nylock&Co

[VJ-Herr Loheng;a-Uncle Sam' ~:~~lerely aMolil~Tne Desert ojlill-Tne InnocentIIO-Miss Helen o·r,ll-~1ai~ in GerF)JI-Tne Royal AIIII-Para~ise Pris

Tne foregoing i~uflal Magazine a~~/ University of,.ij~for the mem

!Iances permitI"'" l JS'~~rellensive his

ijlll~ei as well as a

$8,232.69

Seasons' Net Railroad Exp.$318,185.63 $186,883.03

and incomplete Treasurers'

Total outside contri-tions $8,232.69

Outside Contributions

Mrs. Prettyman 300.00

Medal for best officerqualifications R. O. T. C.,Carlisle, Pa. 100.00

"

Y tar Contributions to Universityu/3/24 Salary Graduate Manager

of student activities ... 1500.00

"

61'3/25 Salary Graduate Managerof student activities .... 1500.00

11/11/25 Trustees of U. of P. Non~

athletic activities 5000.00

5/6/ 2 5

Total direct contributions .... $140,839.96It is fair to include as an indirect

contribution to the Universityapproximately one-half of therailroad transportation chargesduring the past fifty years. Thissum is a legitimate charge forpublicity and advertising .... 90,000.00

Total direct and indirect con-tributions $230,839.96

Phila. Gross Phila. Net Seasom' Gross$1,291,874.35 $309,248.79 $2,142,95 6.15Note: In some instances due to insufficient data

Reports conservative estimates were made.

11/3/26 Sending delegates to an­nual meeting AssociatedPa. Clubs in Indiana-polis 400.00

Trustees of U. of P. Non-athletic activities 5000.00

Chess Club 633.02Musical Clubs 1000.00Exhibit at Sesqui-Centen-

nial 17.7911/2/27 Chair of Dramatic Arts .. 7500.00

1927 Special Contribution toUniversity - not designated 264.20Chess Team 462.38Debate Union 687.57Graduate Manager of stu-

dent activities 1500.006/28/28 Chair of Dramatic Arts . 7500.00

1928 Graduate Manager of stu-dent activities 1500.00

2/141'30 Chair of Dramatic Arts . 7500.00(Note: By reason of the economicupheaval in the co·untry,. the Clubran into severe financial prob­lems and accordingly the balancedue on the plcdge for the DramaticChair was cancelled by mutualagreement with the University andof course discontinued.)

1938-1939 Trustees of U. of P.Contribution to EndowmentFund 'fA" subject to the termsof trust Agreement of n/7/39 $ 10,000.00

ANNUAL PRODUCTIONS OF THE MASK AND WIG CLUB

The foregoing is a preprint from the April and July, 1942 issues of TheGeneral Magazine and Historical Chronicle, the Alumni quarterly publicationof the University of Pennsylvania. This small edition has been printed andbound for the members of the Mask and Wig Club. It is expected, as cir­cumstances permit, sometime in the not too distant future the Club will publisha comprehensive history which will include the now compiled and completedstatistics as well as appropriate pictures and illustrations.

n oll.u:

RO.l~.,"""",

""'1>,

/ CIln~'....... ,,~h

I889-LurlineI89o-Ben Franklin, Jr.I89I-Miss ColumbiaI892-Mr. and Mrs. Cleopatra1893-The Yankee LeagueI894-King ArthurI89s-KenilworthI896-No Gentleman of FranceI897-Very Little Red Riding Hood1898-The House That Jack BuiltI899-Captain Kidd, U. S. N.1900-Mr. Aguinaldo of Manila190I-Baa, Baa, Black Sheep1902-Old King ColeI903-Sir Robinson CrusoeI904-Alice in Anotherland1905-Mr. Hamlet of DenmarkI906-Shylock & Co., BankersI907-Herr LohengrinI908-Uncle Sam's DitchI909-Merely a MonarchI9Io-The Desert of MahometI9II-The InnocentsI9:rZ-Miss Helen of TroyI9I3-Maid in Germany19I4-The Royal ArmsI9Is-Paradise Prison

I9 I6-Whoa-Phoebe!I9I7-Mr. Rip Van WinkleI918-The Bridal NotI9I9-Revue of ReviewsI9zo-Don Quixote, Esq.192I-Somebody's LionI922-Tell Tales1923-Here's HoweI924-That's ThatI92s-Joan of ArkansasI926-A Sale and a SailorI927-Hoot Mon!I928-TarantellaI929-This Way OutI93o-John Faust, Ph.D.I931-East Lynne Gone WestI93Z-Ruff NeckI933-0ut of the BluesI934-Easy PickinsI93s-Drums Fortissimo1936-Red RhumbaI936-This Mad WhirlI 937-Fifty-FiftyI938-All Around the TownI939-Great GunsI94o-High as a KiteI~I-Out of This World

39

STANDING COMMITTEES

BOARD OF GOVERNORS

(c)(el

(e)

(e)

(e)(e)

(e)

(e)

(b)

(e)

(a)(c)(a)

(a)(c)(c)

(a)(c)

(a)(c)

(a) (e)

(a)(b) (c)

(a)(c(0

CHARLES G. RODMANEDMUND H. ROGERSEDMUND ROGERS, JR.RAIMOND D. SENIORDONALD J. STALKERROBERT F. STENGELINR. STOCKTON TAYLORROBERT E. WALTONWM. A. WIEDERSHEIM, 2NDROBERT L. WOOD

TreasurerJ. FERGUSON MOHR

Business ManagerRICHARD M. KEATOR

PresidentTHOMAS HART

Pice-PresidentWILLIAM E. ALMY

SecretaryWILLIAM M. HUGGINS

THE MASK AND WIG CLUB

OFFICERS AND MEMBERS

Elective Committee

ROBERT L. WOOD, ChairmanLouis DeV. Day, Jr. J. Ferguson MohrJohn A. Montgomery Edmund H. Rogers

Houu Committee

GEORGE C. BOWKER, JR., ChairmanJ. Allison Cochran Robert E. WaltonJ. Townsend Sellers Edward Mellor

Administrative Committee

EDMUND H. ROGERS, ChairmanWilliam E. Almy Paul B. HartensteinClay A. Boland Richard M. Keator

J. Ferguson Mohr

WILLIAM E. ALMYCLAY A. BOLANDGEORGE C. BOWKER, JR.ROBERT F. BROWNROBERT D. FREYTHOMAS HARTPAUL B. HARTENSTEINWILLIAM M. HUGGINSRICHARD M. KEATORJ. FERGUSON MOHRB. BRANNAN REATH, 2ND

OFFICERS OF THE CLUB

MEMBERS OF THE MASK AND WIG CLUB

B

asUrtr

~ONMOm

JManaln

M,KEA'm1

'G. RooM!!

H, Room

RlK:!Il,Jl

DD, ~!SI~

J.~mm

F. ~1'!KG!1I1

R'TOSTAYJ.(I

E. WA~lOi

WIlIWHIW,ID

L. WOOD

tein

atol

r!l

Adams, Burton M., '36Almy, William E., '24Baker, Elias B., Jr., '39Bartlett, Albert R., '98

(a) (c) Bartol, Henry E., '98Beale, Joseph W., '30Bell, John C., Jr., '14

(c) Bell, Robert W., '18Bliedung, J. Alexander, '30

(c) Blynn, Bryce, '18Boland, Dr. Clay A., '26

(b) Borie, Charles L., Jr., '92Bowker, George C., Jr., '29

(c) Bradbury, Dr. Samuel,3rd, '05

Brown, Robert F., '28(c) Bullitt, Orville H., '15

Burr Wm. A., '39Carnwath, Joseph W., '05Carrier, Lester R., Jr., '34

(c) Carson, John B., M.D., '07(c) Carson, Joseph, '0S

Chesley, Castleman D., '37Coburn, Charles, '35

(a) (c) Cochran, Joseph H.Cox Edwin R., Jr., '25Curtis, Francis L., '28Curtis, Harry L., '22

(a) (c) Davis, C. Poultney, '13(c) Davis, L. Howell, '01

Day, Louis deV., Jr., '41Day, Wm. L., '32

(a) (c) Deehan, Sylvester J., M.D.,'02

della Cioppa, Guy, '37Deichler, Richard E. S., '31

(a) (c) Dixon, J. Shipley, '08(a) Donaldson, Thomas B., '99

Donaldscn, Wharton L.,Jr., '37

(c) Dougherty, Winfield T.,'19

Downs, Ellason, '29Downs, Robert N., 3rd, '23Dunham, Dr. C. Dary, '30

(c) Ellison, Norman, Jr., '19(c) Ellison, Dr. Richard T., '15

Felt, Eugene C., '24Follmann, Joseph F., Jr.,

'30

(a) (b) (c) Forbes, William 1., '89Frame, Fred C., '33

(a) (c) Frazer, John, Dr., '03(c) Freeman, Morris deC., '18

(c) French, J. Bedford, '19Gates, Thomas S., '93Gay, James H., Jr., '16George, P. Hacke, Jr., '39

(a) Gilpin, Charles, '01Gilpin, John C., '01Glading, James B., '3:lGlading, Taylor B., '29

(c) Grove, Louis R., '23(a) Guthrie, Dr. Malcolm I.,

'07Hake, Frederick J., '32Hare, Emlen S., '06Harrar, James A., '99

(a) (c) Hart, Thomas, '16Hartenstein, Paul B., '23Harvey, William S., 3rd,

'35Hess, George Elliott, '39Hewlett, Joseph M., Jr., '23Hoff, Joseph H., '22Hughes, Charles D., '32Huggins, Joseph W., '28Huggins, William M., '33Hyatt, Dr. Thaddeus, '23

(c) Jones, Dr. John F. X., '07Jordan, T. Gihon, '31Joy, Leslie W., '16Justice, George L., '37Keator, Richard M., '30Kelleher, George C., '37Kelly, Francis J., Jr., '31Kelly, Andrew J., '37

(c) Kent, George R., '12(c) Kneass, George B., '18

LaFarge, Christopher, '23(a) (c) Lavino, Edwin M., '09

(c) Lee, Alden, '15(c) Lee, Philler, '16

Leedom, Harrington A.,'30

(c) Lewis, Francis A., 3rd, '10Lewis, Shippen, '07Lower, Edward S., Jr., '26Ludlow, Alden R., '06

(c) Ludlow, Benjamin, '04Ludlow, John Price Cro-

zer, '37McChord, Hood S., '41McClure, Harry B., 24McClelland, Dr. George

Wm., '03McCrone, Andrew M., '40

(c) McFadden, John H., Jr.,'13

(c)

(c)

(c) Allis~(c) Austll

Bell,Bemen

II(C) Black,Brocki

(c) BrookI~)(c) Cama

(b) CoulstCraigliCramp!

(c) DisstoDough

(c) DowninDunn! lEisenbrErns~ ~Flemin

I~)(c) Frazier,Goodin,

IHuidek(~) Kelley,I~) Kendriel

(a)(c) Kendricl

I-Listed"-Killed

[a)-LifeM(b)-Honora(cHerved

JlIIlJ Bird~raonS,Bodek~avia R. Brumba~lO! CDristoph~u~ Wm, CloseI. Allison COChran~arles A, DeLonlCuret! Ditmarsrrge H, Dixon~~oy C, Everett~rt D, Frey

I~ijo Eaward F'~~oala J, Gra{~:Illlericl R G'fli11\0 Cll' rl~I '/lambrookronA, Rardwi

Shannon, Spencer S., '17Sharninghausen, Wm. S.,

'36Shellenberger, James A.,

'37Shryock, Raymond deS.,

'26Shumway, Dr. No,rman P.,

'26Sinkler, Arthur B., '33Smith, Darrell H., 'II

Smith, Darrell H., Jr., '34Smith, Lawrence M. C., '23Starr, James, '91Stevens, 1. Roger, '28Stevens, Raymond D., '17Stokes, John P., '39Straitiff, Harry T., '32Stroh, Dr. Edward, Jr., '33Stroud, Dr. William D.,

'14Stull, Franklin G., '33Taylor, C. Newbold, 'ISTaylor, R. Stockton, '36Thayer, George C., '26Thomas, Walter H., '96Thorp, Dr. Francis Q., '12

Townsend, Harrison, '12

Townsend, Joseph B., '08Troup, Robert W., Jr., '41Truitt, Birney B., '29Tuton, Fred M., Jr., '33Tyler, Thomas L., '41Uhle, Dr. Charles A. W.,

'27Ware, John H., 3rd, '30Warthman, J. Harris, '01Weber, Dr. Charles H.,

'96Wetherill, W. Chattin, '10Wetherill, Reeves, '36Wiederseim, Theodore E.,

'94Wiedersheim, Wm., A.,

2nd, '10Wiener, Edward, '97Wier, Dr. Richard R., '30Wister, Dr. James W., '95\Vilcox, Dr. Archa E., '99Wood, Grahame, Jr., '39Wood, Dr. H. Curtis, Jr.,

'26Wood, Robert L., '08Zimmermann, Albert W.,

'23

(c)

(c)

(c)

(c)

(c)

(c)(a)

(b) (c)

(c)

(a) (c)

(a) (c)

(c)

(a) (c)

(c)

(c)(c)(c)

(c)

(a)

(a)

(c)(a)

(c)

(a)

McHenry, Maitland A., '30McMichael, Clayton, '17McMichael, Henry M., '12

McMurtrie, Robert F., '20Madeira, Louis C., 4th, '38Maris, Arthur N., '10Martin, Carl N., '96Martin, Eugene A., '09Martin, Warren F., '00

Mellor, Edward, '38Menihan, John C., '30Merrell, Thomas R., '15Merrick, Harold E., '26Merrick, J. Hartley, '90Miller, Albert G., Jr., '27Mirkil, Wm. 1., '13Mitchell, John A., '25Mohr, Howard K., '95Mohr, J. Ferguson, '17Molten, Joseph G. B., '16Montgomery, John A., Jr.,

'38Moore, A. LeConte, Jr., '40Morgan, Charles S., Jr.,

'95Morgan, Samuel R., '99Mullett, Walter H., '30Neilson, Harry R., '16Oliver, Hon. L. Stauffer,

'00

O'Neill, Frank A., Jr., '32Owen, Dr. Hubley R., '0SParry, John C., '41Paton, Francis C. S., '26Porter, W. Hobart, '04Preston, Edward H., Jr.,

'25Ramsey, H. Nedwill, '21Read, Dr. Wm. T., Jr., '27Reath, B. Brannan, 2nd, '14Reinhart, Charles S., '09Robb, Harry B., Jr., '20Robb, William S., '34Rogers, Edmund H., '09Rosengarten, Adolph T.,

'92Scarlett, Dr. Hunter W.,

'°7Scott, Wm. R., '28Scully, Charles Alison, '09Selby, Edgar F., '37Sellers, Coleman, 3rd, '15Sellers, J. Townsend, '29Severn, Wm. B., Jr., '24

(a)-Life Member.(b )-Honorary Member.(c)-Served in World War 1.

(c)(a) (c)

(a) (c)(b) (c)

(c)

(a) (c)

(a) (b) (c)

(a) (c)

(c)(c)(c)

DECEASED MEMBERS

UNDERGRADUATE CLUB MEMBERS

Edmund Rogers, Jr.William F. ScheelerRaimond D. SeniorLathrop P. SmithDonald J. StalkerRobert F. StengelinGordon D. StevensGeorge E. StockCraig D. VailRobert E. WaltonMalcolm G. WatsonMichael WarisPaul U. WeaverSidney Wertimer, Jr.Emery W. Wheeler

Ledyard, F. H., '21(c) Lewis, David Jr., '92

McMichael, Clayton F., '91(a) McMichael, William J., '10

(a) (b) Meigs, Frederick R, '91Mellor, Walter, '04Mellon, Louis A. K., '05

(b) Mohr, John K., '91(a) (c) Morice, William N., '96

(b) Neilson, Frederick B., '93• Newbold, Trenchard E., '96• North, Edwin, '96

Patterson, Charles M., '99Pilling, Robert Jr., '98

(c) Remington, J. Percy, '96Robb, Thomas Jr., '91

(a) Rich, Edward B., '03(c) Robinette, E. B., 'ro

Steel, Francis Penn Jr., '95(c) Taylor, Hollingshead N., '03(b) Trotter, Wm. H., Jr., '89

(a) (c) Wetherill, C. A. H., '12Wheeler, Samuel B., '92

(a) Whelen, William B., '96•• McCall, Howard C., '13

43

Thomas Hart, Jr.Kenneth HewittRobert E. HeidtHoward B. HosmerWilliam HylandJack C. LugrinRichard M. LundRobert H. MartinThomas H. McCabe, Jr.Stuart McCashEugene E. MulliganThomas O'ConnorWilliam G. Owen, Jr.William D. PattersonRaymond J. ReganCharles G. Rodman

(c) Allison, A. C. B., '02(c) Austin, J. M., '15

Bell, William H., '97Bement, Russell, '06

•• (c) Black, William B., '16Brockie, John H., '90

(c) Brooks, Edw., Jr., '91(b) (c) Camac, C. N. B., '92

(b) Coulston, J. Warren, '93Craighead, Magruder, '05Cramp, Francis L., '96

(c) Disston, Hamilton, '08Dougherty, Sherbourne, W., '92

(c) Downing, Charles L., '06Dunn, Sampson, '97Eisenhrey, John K., '98Ernst, William, '95Fleming, David Jr., '97

(b) (c) Frazier, Chas. H., M.D., '92Goodin, Charles E., '08

• Huidekoper, Thos. W., '91(b) Kelley, Albert B., '92(b) Kendrick, George W., 3rd, '93

(a) (c) Kendrick, S. Murdoch, '95

·-Listed as graduate member in program.··-Killed in World War I.

(a)-Life Member.(b)-Honorary Member.(c)-Served in World War.

James BirdGordon S. BodekDavid R BrumbaughHans ChristophHugh Wm. CloseJ. Allison CochranCharles A. DeLone, Jr.Garrett DitmarsGeorge H. Dixon, Jr.LeRoy C. EverettRobert D. FreyJohn Edward FriendDonald J. GrahamFrederick R GriffithsJohn C. HambrookGordon A. Hardwick, Jr.

Inno~ ~~IfIl!6'nghl~il .~lIen~tglr )31 'ryoct, ~IW26 ~

U!IlllaYDrj.z6 "'ii:l

~Ier, ArThur!,

~ili, Dallellij',:,ili, Dallfll~r.ili, Law,e~tt~ilr, Jam/!,'!I 'eo!,1. i~(~'!

veO!,iaJm:.i~~, Job 1"1

aniflJ Har~l,h,Dr,~!,11

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wmeoQ, J~i~1

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I, Dr, rk~

6erill,Ucierill,Rmfi:meim,TI.I.

BY-LAWS

(lis Amended May 1, 1(40)

ARTICLE I

OFFICERS

Section I.-The officers shall be a President, a Vice-President, a Secretary,a Treasurer, and a Business Manager.

ARTICLE II

At the Annual Meeting the President, the Vice President, the Secretary,the Treasurer and the Business Manager shall be elected by ballot. They shallbe ex-officio members of' the Board of Governors. There shall also be electedby ballot sixteen other members of the Board of Governors, which shall thusbe composed of twenty-one in all, fourteen of whom shall be Alumni and sevenUndergraduate members.

Section 2.-There shall likewise be elected at the annual meeting an Elec­tive Committee of five from the Alumni membership of the Club, two of whomshall be members of not more than five years' standing, and they shall beballoted for by Alumni members only.

Section 3.-There shall likewise be elected at the annual meeting an His­torian.

Section 4.-The officers of the Club, the Historian and the members of theBoard of Governors and of the Elective Committee shall hold office during theterm for which they are elected, and until their successors are chosen andqualified in their stead.

Section 5.-In the case of the death. resignation or disability of any officer,or of the Historian or of any member of the Board, or of the Elective Com­mittee, the Board of Governors may fill such vacancy or vacancies from theeligible members of the Club.

Section 6.-The President shall, at least twenty-five days before the annualmeeting, appoint a Nominating Committee of five members, no one of whomshall be an officer of the Club, and the said Committee shall nominate candi­dates for each office. The Secretary shall notify the members of the Club ofthe appointment of this Committee, and of the name and address of the Chair­man thereof. Any member of the Club may, in writing to the Secretary nominatecandidates for office fourteen days prior to the annual meeting, provided, suchnominations be seconded in writing by five members of the Club, and the namesof all candidates for each office shall· be posted on the bulletin board inalphabetical order, and notice of every nomination for each office, in similarorder, shall be mailed to the members by the Secretary at least ten days beforethe said election.

Section 7.-The ballots for use at the annual election shall be printed orsuitably prepared. They shall be voted by striking therefrom the names ofthose candidates for whom the member does not desire to vote. None otherthan the official ballot shall be received, and it shall contain no device what­ever except the words "The Mask and Wig Club Official Ballot," the date ofthe election, the offices to be filled, the names of the candidates for each officein alphabetical order, and the number of candidates to be voted for; Provided,however, That the ballots to be voted by the Undergraduate members shall beof a different color from those to be voted by the Alumni members, and shallnot contain the names of the candidates for the Elective Committee.

section~e shall perGovernorsm

Section l

Governors aCommittee.appointed ea

Section lcontracts, otBoard of Go

Sectioncise all the po

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and by postiappointments

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Club, and shconnected witI~e Club or

Section 7.­from rime to

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01 all its funTreasurer in s~eBoard of Gludited annualallointed by tti

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[(,<f.dualemem."JIloi !Dem~I\~ecommittee,

ARTICLE III

DUTIES OF OFFICERS

Section I.-The President shall preside at all meetings of the Club; andhe shall perform such other duties as the Club, the By-Laws or the Board ofGovernors may direct.

Section 2.-The President shall be ex-officio Chairman of the Board ofGovernors and may at his option be ex-officio Chairman of the AdministrativeCommittee. He shall also have all the rights of a member of all standing andappointed Committees.

Section 3.-The Pres.ident, with the Secretary, shall make and sign allcontracts, other than theatrical, for the Club, subject to the approval of theBoard of Governors.

Section 4.-ln the absence of the President, the Vice President shall exer­cise all the po·wers of the President.

Section 5.-The Secretary shall keep a record of the proceedings of theClub, and of the Board of Governors, and give notice to members of all statedand special meetings. He shall give twenty-days' notice of the annual meetingand one week's notice of the special meetings of the Club by mail to membersand by posting in the Club House. He shall duly notify members of theiraPipointments upon Committees.

Section 6.-The Secretary shall have the custody of all the records andother papers of the Club and of the seal of the Club, except the archives of theClub, and shall superintend the printing and publishing of such papers notconnected with the production as may be authorized or directed by the By-Laws,the Club or the Board of Governors.

Section 7.-The Secretary and the Treasurer shall keep each other advisedfrom time to time of changes in the addresses of members.

Section 8.-The Secretary shall perform any other duty that the Club, theBy-Laws or the Board of Governors may, from time to time, assign him.

Section 9.-The Treasurer shall receive and be custodian of all the moneysand s.ecurities of the Club. He shall render monthly reports supplemented byquarterly statements of the financial condition of the Club to the Board ofGovernors at their stated meetings. He shall be responsible for the prepara­tion of the Annual Budget and shall submit the same to the Board of Governorsin sufficient time for approval by the Board p·rior to the incurring of substan­tial expenditures in connection with the annual production. He shall keep aregular set of books containing the accounts of the Club, showing the dispositionof all its funds that pass through his hands, and shall keep his account asTreasurer in such bank or banks, or such other place or places of deposit, asthe Board of Governors may from time to time approve. His accounts shall beaudited annually before being presented to the Club, by a certified aacountantappointed by the President.

The Treasurer's report shall be printed and forwarded by him to everyAlumni member of the Club at the conclusion of the fiscal year.

Section lo.-The Treasurer shall payout Club moneys as authorized bythe action of any annual or special meeting of the Club, or upon approval ofthe Board of Governors in accordance with the By-Laws, or as provided for inthe Club Budget as approved by the Board of Governors. When expendingClub moneys authorized under the said Budget, he must have the approvalof the Business Manager for Production account expenses, or of the Chairmanof the House Committee for House account expenses. He may, however, on hisown responsibility expend such moneys as are necessary for the routine main­tenance of the Club, or to meet emergencies, in which latter case his actionsshall be submitted for approval at the next meeting of the Board of Governors.He shall notify the Elective Committee of the names of Undergraduate Mem­bers who have become eligible for election to Alumni Membership. He shallnotify persons elected to membership of their election, and shall notify theSecretary of their qualification.

45

Section H.-The Treasurer is hereby empowered to vote any and all sharesof stock, insurance policies and the like, held by the Club. His vote shall bethe vote of the Club.

Section I2.-The Treasurer shall settle at the boxoffice with the Treasurerof the house during every public performance of the Club. In the absence ofthe Treasurer, the Business Manager shall make such settlement or the samemay be made by any accredited representative of the Club designated by theTreasurer and for whom he shall be responsible.

Section I3.-The Treasurer, upon election, shall give bond in such amountand with such surety as shall be determined by the Board of Governors.

Section I4.-The Business Manager, or in his absence the Treasurer or anyaccredited representative of the Club designated by the Business Manager andfor whom he shall be responsible, shall have control of the front of the houseat every public perfo,rmance of the Club. He shall have charge of the trips ofthe Club, making all arrangements for the same, and shall have authority inall matters of discipline on the trips.

Section Is.-The Business Manager shall attend to all matters relating tothe business of a production. He shall sign all contracts pertaining to theProduction for the Club. He may appoint one or more assistants to aid himin the performance of his duties.

Section r6.-The Historian shall keep a detailed record of the Club'sactivities and an individual record of the activities of each Club Member. Heshall have custody of the archives of the Club.

ARTICLE IV

BOARD OF GOVERNORS AND STANDING COMMITTEES

Section I.-Regular meetings of the Board of Governors shall be heldmonthly, except during the months of July, August and September, at such timeand on such notice as the Governors may from time to time determine. Elevenof the twenty-one members shall constitute a quorum provided that at leastsix of the eleven shall be Alumni members. Special meetings of the Boardmay be held, on not less than one day's notice in writing,. at the call of thePresident or on the written request of two members of the Board.

Section 2.-At their first stated meeting after the Annual Meeting of theClub the Board of Governors shall elect three standing Committees, namely:

(a) An Administrative Committee all of whom shall be members ofthe Board of Governors, which shall have charge of all matters affectingthe Club finances, real estate holdings and general business relations. ThisCommittee shall appoint its own secretary, who shall keep a record of itsproceedings.

(b) A House Committee, which shall have charge of all matters af­fecting the care and, management of the Club House and of the UniversityDormitory Memorial Room.

(c) A Committee on Production, which shall have charge of allmatters affecting the Club's private and public dramatic performances,including selection of scenarios, librettos, scenery, costumes, music and allother theatrical accessories, and which shall have power to add to itsnumber by appointment from the membership of the Club, and also toappoint such assistant or assistants as it may select to aid it in the workof staging a production. The Treasurer and the Business Manager shallbe ex officio members of this Committee.Section 3.-Each Standing Committee shall report to the Board upon the

matters lying within their respective spheres of action. Action by any Stand­ing Committee shall be subject to the review and approval of the Board ofGovernors.

Section +-The Board of Governors at any meeting shall have the powerin their discretion to appoint a stage Director and/or a Director of Publicity,with such powers and authority as shall be vested in such appointees by theBoard at or after the time of such appointment.

Sectionto adopt, al0/ undergra

01 Club aSection

to make dispurpose, toyear,

Sectioexpressly c(ilie Univerilie Board (IUch lawfuloy these B!or directedClubmemlJ

Sectioor in connfor tbe car

Sectioilie approvput into eacontinuailie Univen

Sectionfor Alumn'

Sectiotary at thenomination:Committee.

Sectionevent of thmittee witlAlumni or

SectionUndergradmembers.

SectionSchool ofilie regularone year hillinthe eto partieip80me goodGovernorsamajoritythe Secreta~eeting ofright to apolthe By.]

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Section 5.-The Board of Governors shall have power from time to timeto adopt, amend, and/or rescind rules and regulations governing the selectionof undergraduate managers and assistants and other workers in any departmentof Club activities, and defining their powers and duties.

Section 6.-The Board of Governors shall have power in their discretionto make disbursement of Club funds by gift, for any University of Pennsylvaniapurpose, to an amount not exceeding One Thousand Dollars in anyone fiscalyear.

Section 7.-ln addition to the powers and authorities by these By-Lawsexpressly conferred upon them, but subject to the limitation respecting gifts tothe University imposed upon them by Section 6 of this Article of these By-Laws,the Board of Governors may exercise all such powers of the Club, and do allsuch lawful acts and things, as are not by statute or by the Club's Charter orby these By-Laws expressly forbidden to be done, or exercised by the Board,or directed or required to be exercised or done according to the vote of theClub members at a meeting of the Club.

Section g.-No part of the funds of the Club shall be used or disbursed foror in connection with social functions or activities, or in any manner exceptfor the carrying out of the purposes of the Club as expressed in its charter.

Section 9.-All matters of broad policy shall be submitted to, and havethe approval of, the authorities of the University of Pennsylvania before beingput into effect by this organization, the purpose of this By-Law being to insurea continuance of the existing close cooperation between this organization andthe University of Pennsylvania.

ARTICLE V

ELECTIVE COMMITTEE

Section I.-The Elective Committee shall consider and act upon proposalsfor Alumni membership.

Section z.-The Elective Committee shall elect its chairman and its secre­tary at their first meeting each year, and all communications relating to thenominations for Alumni membership shall be addressed to, the Secretary of theCommittee.

Section 3.-It shall be the duty of the Chairman or of the Secretary in theevent of the Chairman's failure to act, to call a meeting of the Elective Com­mittee within thirty days after receipt of any nomination or nominations forAlumni or Life Membership.

ARTICLE VI

MEMBERSHIP

Section I.-There shall be four classes of membership in the Club, namely:Undergraduate members. Alumni members, Life members, and Honorarymembers.

Section 2.':-Any Undergraduate member, who willIe in an UndergraduateSchool (If the University, fails in any year to participate in or contribute tothe regular Production of the Club, may be suspended for a period not exceedingone year by a vote of a majority of the members of the Board of Governors,if, in the opinion of such majority of the Board, such Undergraduate's failureto participate in or contribute to the Annual Production has not been due tosome good and sufficient reason excusing such default. Before the Board ofGovernors can take such action it shall have before it the recommendation ofa majority of the Undergraduate Committee and the members shall be given bythe Secretary of the Club seven (7) days' notice in writing to appear at themeeting of the Board at which his case is to be acted upon. There shall be noright to appeal from any suspension declared by the Board under this Sectionof the By-Laws.

Section 3.-A member once elected to Undergraduate membership shallremain so only while he is an undergraduate at the University of Pennsylvania,

47

provided that if such member leaves the University before the class in which heoriginally matriculated shall have been graduated, he shaIl become eligible forelection to Alumni Membership when such class shall have been graduated. Anundergraduate member graduated at the February Convocation, however, shallat once become eligible for election to Alumni membership. Students in theGraduate Schools shall be ineligible to participate in the annual productions ofthe Club.

Section 4.-Men who (a) have been Undergraduate members of the Club,whose Undergraduate membership shall have ceased, and who shall havebecome eligible under Section 3 of this Article; and men who (b) have con­tributed to a regular production of the Club, have been bona fide students ofthe University of Pennsylvania for at least one fuIl year, and shall be recom­mended by a two-thirds vote of the Board of Governors, shall be eligible toAlumni membership and such of the foregoing as shall have been favorablyacted Oil by the Elective Committee, shall, upon payment of an initiation feeof twenty-five doIlars, and the dues of the current year or half year, becomeAlumni members; and the election of any candidate shaIl be void if he fail tomake such payment within thirty days after notice of his election has beenmailed, addressed to him at the place given as his residence by his proposer.

Section 5.-Proposals for Alumni membership shall be made to the ElectiveCommittee through its Secretary, signed by the proposer and seconder, statingthe name and residence of the candidate. No such proposal shall be acted uponby the Committee unless notice of the same shall have been mailed to everymember of the Club, with the names of the proposer and seconder, at least tendays before the meeting at which action may be taken.

Section 6.-The Elective Committee shall vote separately upon the namesproposed, and no person shall be elected unless he shall receive the favorablevotes of a majority of the whole committee and not more than one negative vote.No person against whom two or more negative votes shall have been cast shallbe eligible for nomination for six months thereafter; but any person who mayhave failed of election by reason merely of not having the votes of a majorityof the whole Committee, may be again voted upon at any subsequent meeting.

Section 7.-Any Alumni member of the Club who has paid his annual duesfor a period of five years next preceding and who is in good standing may applyto the Elective Committee for life membership. All applications shall remainbefore the Committee until final action shall be taken thereon, or the namesbe withdrawn. No application for life membership shaH be acted upon bythe Committee unless notice of the same shall have been mailed to every Alumnimember of the Club at least ten days before the meeting at which action maybe taken. A majority vote of the Committee shall elect to life membership. Noperson who has failed of election to life membership may again make applica­tion for a period of twelve months.

Section 8.-Honorary members may be elected from time to time fromamongst the Alumni or Life Members by a two-thirds vote of the Alumni andLife members present at any regular or special meeting of the Club. Electionto Honorary membership shall carry with it remission of dues from date ofelection.

Section 9.-All resignations must be presented in writing to the Secretaryof the Club. No resignation shall be received from any member in arrearsto the Club.

Section lo.-Any member may be suspended or expeIled for the wilfulinfraction of any By-Law, stage rule, or house rule, or for acts or conductwhich may be deemed disorderly or injurious to the interests or hostile to theobjects of the Club, by a vote of four-fifths of the members of the Board ofGovernors: Provided, The said member shaIl have been given seven days'notice in writing by the Secretary to appear at the meeting of the Board atwhich his case is to be acted upon.

Any member shall have the right to appeal from the judgment of the Boardof Governors by filing his appeal with the President within thirty days afterthe rendering of the judgment. The President shall, within ten days thereafter,

call aspe01 decidifinal.

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call a special meeting of the Club, to be held within thirty days, for the purposeof deciding the said member's appeal, and such decision by the Club shall befinal.

ARTICLE VII

DUES AND INITIATION FEES

Section I.-The annual dues of all members, other than Honorary and Lifemembers, shall be $10,00 a year, payable in advance on the first day of Febru­ary, provided that any Alumni member of the Club who has been duly electeda life member of the Club, may, by a further payment of $250.00, retain forlife, all the privileges of membership, without the payment of further dues.

Section 2.-No dues shall be payable by men elected to Undergraduatemembership following the annual production who will be graduated from theUniversity in the succeeding February. One-half the fixed annual fees shallbe payable by men elected to Undergraduate membership following the annualproduction, who will be graduated from the University in the succeeding June.

Section 3.-When a member of the Club shaH be domiciled elsewherethan Philadelphia or vicinity, the Board of Governors, upon written request,shall have the power to reduce such member's dues one-half for the year oryears he is thus domiciled.

Section 4.-When the dues of any member shall remain unpaid for thespace of two months, the Treasurer shall notify him that, unless the same arepaid within two weeks thereafter, his name shall be posted as a delinquent,and unless paid within two weeks after such posting, his membership shallcease; and in case such dues be not paid pursuant to such notice, or such defaultbe not accounted for to the satisfaction of the Board of Governors, he shallthereupon cease to be a member, and shall forfeit all his interest in the propertyof the Club. No former Undergraduate member may become eligible forAlumni member hip while he is in any way financially indebted to the Club.

Section 5.-The initiation fee for Alumni Membership shall be twenty-fivedollars. There shall be no initiation fee for Undergraduate Membership.

ARTICLE VIIIMEETINGS

Section I.-There shall be an Annual meeting of the Club at 12:30 P. M.on the third Wednesday of January of every year.

Section 2.-At the annual meeting of the Club, the following order ofbusiness shall be observed:

I. Reading of the Minutes of Previous Meeting.2. Communications.3. Report of Board of Governors.4-. Report of Officers:

(a) Treasurer.(b) Business Manager.

S. Report of Historian.6. Reports of Committees: /'l

(a) Committee on Production. fl ~/J>f' J c...-"".."(b) House Committee.

7. Elections.8. Unfinished and Deferred Business.9. New Business.

10. Adjournment.This order of business may be changed by a two-thirds vote of the members

present.Section 3.-Upon written request of fiv'e members, or at the request of the

Board of Governors the President shall call a special meeting of the Club, onnot less than five days' notice in writing. This request, as also the notice ofany special meeting, shall state the object for which the meeting is called, andat a special meeting no subject not so stated shall be considered.

~9

Section 4.-Twenty members shall constitute a quorum at any meeting ofthe Club, provided that none other than an Alumni, Honorary or Life Membershall have any vote upon any que tion affecting the property of the Club orinvolving disposition of Club funds.

Section 5.-No stranger shall be admitted to any business meeting of theClub.

ARTICLE IX

RIGHTS AND PRIVILEGES OF MEMBERS

Section I.-When any member of the Club takes part in any performanceor entertainment of any kind whatsoever other than under the direct auspicesof the Club, the name and title, The Mask and Wig Club, or The Mask andWig Club of the University of Pennsylvania, shall not be used or published, orin any way advertised in connection with said performance or entertainment,unless by special permission of the Board of Governors.

Section 2.-All members of the Club shall be admitted free at every publicperformance of the Club when it is possible so to arrange.

Section 3.-All members of the Club shall have the privilege of using theClub House or rooms at all times, subject to the restrictions in the By-Laws,and to the Rules and Regulations of the House Committee.

Section 4.-Whatever title or interest any person may by reason of hismembership acquire in the Club property, shall, upon his death, resignation,suspension, or expulsion, vest in the Club: Provided, however, That noneother than an Alumni, Honorary, or Life member shall acquire any interest inthe property, either real or personal, of the Club.

ARTICLE X

FISCAL YEAR

Section I.-The fiscal year of the Club shall begin on the first day ofFebruary, and end on the following 31st day of January of each year.

ARTICLE XI

AMENDMENTS

Section I'.-These By-Laws may be amended at any meeting of the Clubby a vote of two-thirds of the members present.

Section 2.-Notices of proposed amendments shall be printed and mailed bythe Secretary to each member of the Club at least seven days before luchmeeting.

HOUSE RULES

IThe Club House shall be open daily throughout the year.

nThe Club House may be rented by members of the Club, application to be

made in advance to the Chairman of the House Committee, for their individualuse only, and upon the following terms.

$10. for the Grill Room alone.$30' additional, should the second floor be used for any purpose whatso­

ever, in connection with the Grill Room.$30. for the second Boor without the Grill Room.(In either instance the sum of $2. will be applied as a fee to the Janitor,

and no further compensation to him is necessary.)

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Neither the Club House, nor any part thereof, shall be rented to anyoneother than a member of the organization; and any violation of this rule willresult in the offenders being denied any further privilege of renting the ClubHouse, or any part thereof, at the discretion of the Board of Governors.

Should members desire to rent the Club House, or any part thereof, otherthan for their individual entertainment, written application for the same, uponforms supplied by the Chairman of the House Committee, with explanation ofthe nature of the proposed entertainment, must be made to the Board of Govern­ors, who, at their discretion, may grant this privilege.

IIINo article of any description which is the property of the Club, or loaned

thereto, shall be taken from the House except by the authority of the Board ofGovernors, or by the written consent of its owner.

IVNo member shall give any money or gratuity to any servant,

VAll suggestions or complaints must be made in writing, and addressed to

the Chairman of the House Committee.

VIEvery member of the Club shall have free access to all parts of the Club

House, except (I) to the office, which shall be used only by the officers andmembers of the Board of Governors and of standing committees; and (2) tothe second story during the progress of a rehearsal, unless with the specialpermission of the Committee on Production.

VIINo one who is not a member of the Club shall be admitted to the Club

House more than once in one month. This rule applies only to such non-mem­bers as are residents of this city.

VIIIAny member of the Club may introduce a stranger upon registering, in a

book to be kept for that purpose, the name and residence of such stranger, andthe date of such introduction, which the said member shall sign. Such intro­duction shall not confer the right of re-entrance.

IXNot more than 200 tickets shall be issued for any entertainment or perform­

ance taking place in the auditorium.

XThe non-exclusive use of the Grill Room by any member between the hours

of twelve noon and nine P. M., having not more than five (5) guests, shall bewithout charge other than actual service and a fee of $1.00 to the janitor.