Some Fact about LEDs and UV-radiation Labino AB Adisa Paulsson M.Sc., Product Development Engineer...
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Transcript of Some Fact about LEDs and UV-radiation Labino AB Adisa Paulsson M.Sc., Product Development Engineer...
Some Fact about LEDs and UV-radiation
Labino ABAdisa Paulsson M.Sc., Product Development Engineer
August 2010
Labino• We develop and manufacture the UV and white light
lamps for industry and public sector.• The lamps are based on MPXL and LED technology.• Founded 1994, Sweden
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Topics today
• Historical development of the power LEDs• How LEDs operate• Factors influencing the Lifetime and Reliability• How to produce the white light• UV LED technology
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What are the LEDs?
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Electroluminescence!
InGaN- near UV,blue,green
AlGaN- red, infrared, amber
-Electroluminescence was discovered in 1907
-first LED was reported in 1927, by Oleg Losev
-LEDs are semiconductor which emits the photons when current is passing trough the material
-Color = energy gap of the semiconductor
LEDs become more and more bright!
XLamp XM LED delivers efficacy of 160 lm/W (at 350 mA)
At 2A, XM LED produce 750 lm at 7W = 60W incandescent light bulb
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Luxeon I- 5 lm 2002 Luxeon III- 50 lm 2006 Luxeon Rebel-120 lm, 2010Luminous flux increased by factor of 2
every 18-24 months!
First power LED was introduced by Philips Lumileds 1999.
5 mm LEDs,1-2 lm
Efficiency is increasing
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• Approaching 2010: Luminous efficiency 160 lm/ W phosphor white power LEDs
•Expect ~ 200 lm/W power LED performance within the next 3-5 years
More facts about LEDs
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The LEDs are not so cold ! !
Increasing the power requires more heat to evacuate !!
Temperature effect on the LEDs!
Efficiency
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Useful Life
Temperature effect on the LEDs!
Wavelength shift as a function of the temperature
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Lifetime of LEDs
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How to define the useful lifetime of the LEDs? Lumen maintenance or Lumen depreciation!
L70 -at least 70 % of the initial lumen output
B50/L80 or B10/L70
B50 -50% of population fails
LM-80 test criteria developed by U.S. Department of Energy and LRC
B10/L70 at 60 000 hours
Lifetime of LEDs
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Source: LED Magazine, 51 news letter, November 2007
1. Drive current2. Temperature internal and ambient
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LED Luminaire Lifetime
● Complexity of LED luminaire.
● Luminaire reliability is the product of all
the critical components:
-in well designed luminaire - the failure should be caused by lumen depreciation
Quality is a major issue!
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-The quality of commercial white LEDs used in
lightning products varies widely (26 batches)
-A quality assurance is needed to protect
consumers and prevent “market spoiling”
Source: Mills E. and A. Jacobson, 2007, Light and Engineering
Performance of the white LEDs
Producing the White Light (1)
1. Color-mixing LEDs (RGB method)
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-Color mixing of usually three colors
-High efficacy
-trade off between luminous efficiency and
color rendering capability
-requires electro-optical devices to control mixing of
different colors
-Individual colored LEDs respond differently to drive current,
temperature- impact on white light quality
Producing the White Light (2)
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1. Phosphor conversion approach (blue or UV-light +phosphor)
-the most common method blue LED + Phosphor
-UV phosphor coated LEDs –less efficient,
better color rendering
- low conversion efficiency
-A lot of research to improve phosphor coating quality and efficacy
-More simple and not so costly production compared to RGB system
GaN or InGaN LEDBroadening of the spectra with phosphor layers
What are the Limits of the high power White Light chip?
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U.S. DOE Forecasted LED Efficacy Improvements, 2009
-Difference between cool
and warm white origin from
phosphor efficacy.
How green are LEDs?
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Life cycle assessment of Ultra Efficient lamps
Source: DEFRA-Department for Environment(UK), 2009
UV-LED Technology
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What is the main difference between UV LED and traditional UV light source?
UV LED spectraXe spectra
No UVB!
UV LED Technology
UV LED also emits a small amount of the visible light mostly blue-violet in spectral range 380nm to 475nm.
The peak wavelength
is at 365 nm
blue LED, InGaN
UV-LED and White Light
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How to solve this technology insufficiency?
White Light Block Filter!
The visible light (380nm-780) in UV sources-bad for many applications!
Life time presumption of UV-LED
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- 6000 hours life test data
-The data exceeds the absolute
maximum rating.
Measurement of the visible light in UV- light sources
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1.Spectral sensitivity curve of the detector
2. Fluorescence of the detector
High transmittance in visible area!
UV LED versus MPXL
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+light weighted and small
+good efficiency
+robust
+long life
+Intensity: 0.3 W of UVA radiation
-High cost of lm/W compared to MPXL
+Cold (no IR)
-sensitive to high ambient temperature
-Lack of standard optical solutions
-Problem with white light leakage-requires filter
-require active or passive cooling solution
-Big and clumsy
+high efficiency
+keeps running after drop
+lifetime up to 4000 hours
+ high intensity: 5 W of UVA radiation
+relatively low cost -the bulb gets very hot
+ Relative insensitive to ambient temperature
MPXLUV-LED
Technologies are complementing
each other!
Conclusions
• The LEDs have a great potential: light waited, high efficiency and low cost products(white).
• Challenges:– Increase power per chip– Improve the efficacy of the LEDs specially UV and green– Increase the product quality and reliability– Increase the luminere system efficiency (electronic, optics, heat management)– Enhance production process/ Reduce binning– Reduce environmental impact– A new material for UV needed
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• Who truly wants to unleash the potential of LED technology should not only seize the opportunities, but also bear some of the responsibilities.
False or incomplete information → wrong expectations
Wrong expectations→ Unhappy users
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At Last LEDs….
100 lm/W LEDs do not make a 100 lm/W light source
50 000 hours lifetime do not make a LED light source with 50 000 lifetime.
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Thank you!
Labino AB
Stockholm | Sweden