Some Basic Concepts For Managing Land Dr. Karl Wood, Director Water Resources Research Institute...
-
date post
19-Dec-2015 -
Category
Documents
-
view
214 -
download
1
Transcript of Some Basic Concepts For Managing Land Dr. Karl Wood, Director Water Resources Research Institute...
![Page 1: Some Basic Concepts For Managing Land Dr. Karl Wood, Director Water Resources Research Institute Stucky Hall New Mexico State University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d365503460f94a0d763/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Some Basic ConceptsFor
Managing Land
Dr. Karl Wood, DirectorWater Resources Research Institute
Stucky HallNew Mexico State University
![Page 2: Some Basic Concepts For Managing Land Dr. Karl Wood, Director Water Resources Research Institute Stucky Hall New Mexico State University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d365503460f94a0d763/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Suppose you have just acquired some land!
• What is the climate?• What is the topography?• What plants and animals are present?• What is the soil condition?• What are the goals for land?• What is it capable of growing?• Are the goals ecologically, socially, and
economically feasible?
Some questions need to be answered:
![Page 3: Some Basic Concepts For Managing Land Dr. Karl Wood, Director Water Resources Research Institute Stucky Hall New Mexico State University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d365503460f94a0d763/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
To answer these questions,
some scientific understanding is needed.
![Page 4: Some Basic Concepts For Managing Land Dr. Karl Wood, Director Water Resources Research Institute Stucky Hall New Mexico State University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d365503460f94a0d763/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Sunshine Water Minerals Nutrients
Primary ProducersPlants 6000 cal/m2/yr Plants
Primary ConsumersMice 600 cal Sheep
Secondary ConsumersSnake 60 cal Wolf
Tertiary Consumer
Eagle 6 cal
Dec
omp
oser
s
heat
heat
heat
heat
Trophic Energy PyramidExample
Based on Second Law of Thermodynamics
![Page 5: Some Basic Concepts For Managing Land Dr. Karl Wood, Director Water Resources Research Institute Stucky Hall New Mexico State University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d365503460f94a0d763/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Exploitation Sustainable Protection
Use
Land Goal?
The extremes result in attitudes of supremacy
From: Thompson, P.B. 1995. The Spirit of the Soil - Agriculture and Environmental Ethics. Routledge Publ. New York, New York
![Page 6: Some Basic Concepts For Managing Land Dr. Karl Wood, Director Water Resources Research Institute Stucky Hall New Mexico State University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d365503460f94a0d763/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Concept of the Sere
Bare Rock
Lichens
Soil depth and richness
Climate
Time
Example developed in North America by H.C. Cowles and F.E. Clements about 100 years ago
![Page 7: Some Basic Concepts For Managing Land Dr. Karl Wood, Director Water Resources Research Institute Stucky Hall New Mexico State University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d365503460f94a0d763/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Exampleof a
lichen&
associatedanimals
![Page 8: Some Basic Concepts For Managing Land Dr. Karl Wood, Director Water Resources Research Institute Stucky Hall New Mexico State University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d365503460f94a0d763/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Concept of the Sere
Bare Rock
Lichens
Mosses
Soil depth and richness
Climate
Time
![Page 9: Some Basic Concepts For Managing Land Dr. Karl Wood, Director Water Resources Research Institute Stucky Hall New Mexico State University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d365503460f94a0d763/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Example of a moss
&associated
animals
![Page 10: Some Basic Concepts For Managing Land Dr. Karl Wood, Director Water Resources Research Institute Stucky Hall New Mexico State University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d365503460f94a0d763/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Concept of the Sere
Bare Rock
Lichens
Mosses
Soil depth and richness
Climate Annual grasses and forbs
Time
![Page 11: Some Basic Concepts For Managing Land Dr. Karl Wood, Director Water Resources Research Institute Stucky Hall New Mexico State University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d365503460f94a0d763/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Example of
annual grasses and
forbs&
associatedanimals
![Page 12: Some Basic Concepts For Managing Land Dr. Karl Wood, Director Water Resources Research Institute Stucky Hall New Mexico State University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d365503460f94a0d763/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Concept of the Sere
Bare Rock
Lichens
Mosses
Soil depth and richness
Climate Annual grasses and forbs
Perennial grasses and forbs
Time
![Page 13: Some Basic Concepts For Managing Land Dr. Karl Wood, Director Water Resources Research Institute Stucky Hall New Mexico State University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d365503460f94a0d763/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Examples of perennial grasses
and forbs&
associatedanimals
![Page 14: Some Basic Concepts For Managing Land Dr. Karl Wood, Director Water Resources Research Institute Stucky Hall New Mexico State University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d365503460f94a0d763/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Concept of the Sere
Bare Rock
Lichens
Mosses
Soil depth and richness
Climate Annual grasses and forbs
Perennial grasses and forbs
Shrubs
Time
![Page 15: Some Basic Concepts For Managing Land Dr. Karl Wood, Director Water Resources Research Institute Stucky Hall New Mexico State University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d365503460f94a0d763/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Example of
shrubs&
associatedanimals
![Page 16: Some Basic Concepts For Managing Land Dr. Karl Wood, Director Water Resources Research Institute Stucky Hall New Mexico State University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d365503460f94a0d763/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Concept of the Sere
Bare Rock
Lichens
Mosses
Soil depth and richness
ClimateAnnual grasses and forbs
Perennial grasses and forbs
Shrubs
Deciduous trees
Time
![Page 17: Some Basic Concepts For Managing Land Dr. Karl Wood, Director Water Resources Research Institute Stucky Hall New Mexico State University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d365503460f94a0d763/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Exampleof
deciduous trees
& associated
animals
![Page 18: Some Basic Concepts For Managing Land Dr. Karl Wood, Director Water Resources Research Institute Stucky Hall New Mexico State University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d365503460f94a0d763/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Concept of the Sere
Bare Rock
Lichens
Mosses
Soil depth and richness
ClimateAnnual grasses and forbs
Perennial grasses and forbs
Shrubs
Deciduous trees
Time
Conifers
![Page 19: Some Basic Concepts For Managing Land Dr. Karl Wood, Director Water Resources Research Institute Stucky Hall New Mexico State University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d365503460f94a0d763/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Example of
conifersgrowingthrough
deciduousforest
![Page 20: Some Basic Concepts For Managing Land Dr. Karl Wood, Director Water Resources Research Institute Stucky Hall New Mexico State University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d365503460f94a0d763/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Example of
conifers&
associatedanimals
![Page 21: Some Basic Concepts For Managing Land Dr. Karl Wood, Director Water Resources Research Institute Stucky Hall New Mexico State University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d365503460f94a0d763/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Concept of the Sere
Bare Rock
LichensMosses
Soil depth and richness
ClimateAnnual grasses and forbs
Perennial grasses and forbsShrubs
Deciduous trees
Conifers Climax
Time
Each levelIs called a“seral stage”
![Page 22: Some Basic Concepts For Managing Land Dr. Karl Wood, Director Water Resources Research Institute Stucky Hall New Mexico State University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d365503460f94a0d763/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Concept of the Sere
Bare Rock
LichensMosses
Soil depth and richness
ClimateAnnual grasses and forbs
Perennial grasses and forbsShrubs
Deciduous trees
Conifers Climax
Time
Primary
Successi
on
Retrog
ressi
on
Seco
ndar
y
succ
essio
n
![Page 23: Some Basic Concepts For Managing Land Dr. Karl Wood, Director Water Resources Research Institute Stucky Hall New Mexico State University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d365503460f94a0d763/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
• The kinds of animals are different in each seral stage.
• The climax seral stage usually does not represent the greatest species diversity of plants and animals.
• Subclimax seral stages may be maintained by continuous or discontinuous perturbations such as fire, grazing, hurricanes, etc.
• Movement towards climax is called succession
• Movement away from climax is called retrogression (e.g. Desertification)
• Multiple equilibrium communities and complex successional pathways may be possible within a sere.
General Comments On Ecosystem Succession
![Page 24: Some Basic Concepts For Managing Land Dr. Karl Wood, Director Water Resources Research Institute Stucky Hall New Mexico State University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d365503460f94a0d763/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Some Basic Concepts For Managing Land Dr. Karl Wood, Director Water Resources Research Institute Stucky Hall New Mexico State University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d365503460f94a0d763/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
To manage an ecosystem, managers need to know:
1. What is the potential or climax seral stage of the area?
2. What is the present seral stage of the area?
• Is it all the same or are there different seral stages in different parts of the area?
4. Can the preferred seral stage be achieved with the present technology, time, legal, political, and economic constraints?
3. Are there several acceptable seral stages and a preferred seral stage of the area and/or its parts?
![Page 26: Some Basic Concepts For Managing Land Dr. Karl Wood, Director Water Resources Research Institute Stucky Hall New Mexico State University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d365503460f94a0d763/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Concept of the Sere
Bare Rock
LichensMosses
Soil depth and richness
ClimateAnnuals
Time
Mostchoicesare here!
ConifersDeciduous trees
ShrubsPerennial grasses and forbs
![Page 27: Some Basic Concepts For Managing Land Dr. Karl Wood, Director Water Resources Research Institute Stucky Hall New Mexico State University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d365503460f94a0d763/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Concept of the Sere
Bare Rock
LichensMosses
Soil depth and richness
ClimateAnnuals
Time
What seral stageHas the most
Plant and animalDiversity? Conifers
Deciduous trees ShrubsPerennial grasses and forbs
![Page 28: Some Basic Concepts For Managing Land Dr. Karl Wood, Director Water Resources Research Institute Stucky Hall New Mexico State University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d365503460f94a0d763/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Diversity(number of plant
& animalSpecies)
Bare Rock
ClimaxSeral Stage
![Page 29: Some Basic Concepts For Managing Land Dr. Karl Wood, Director Water Resources Research Institute Stucky Hall New Mexico State University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d365503460f94a0d763/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Concept of the Sere
Bare Rock
LichensMosses
Soil depth and richness
ClimateAnnuals
Time
Can the Seral stageEver be above Climax? Conifers
Deciduous trees ShrubsPerennial grasses and forbs
![Page 30: Some Basic Concepts For Managing Land Dr. Karl Wood, Director Water Resources Research Institute Stucky Hall New Mexico State University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d365503460f94a0d763/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Concept of the Sere
Bare Rock
LichensMosses
Soil depth and richness
ClimateAnnuals
Time
Yes! Deciduous trees
Artifical inputs of waterand nutrients (Fertilizer)
Example:
Perennial grasses and forbs (Desert grasslands)
(Pecan orchard)
Must have adequate soil depth!
![Page 31: Some Basic Concepts For Managing Land Dr. Karl Wood, Director Water Resources Research Institute Stucky Hall New Mexico State University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d365503460f94a0d763/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Some Basic Concepts For Managing Land Dr. Karl Wood, Director Water Resources Research Institute Stucky Hall New Mexico State University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d365503460f94a0d763/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Concept of the Sere
Bare Rock
Lichens
Mosses
Soil depth and richness
Climate Annual grasses and forbs
Perennial grasses and forbs
Time
When retrogression occurs,increased erosion rates can
be expected. Example:
NativeGreat Plains
Converted to cropland(corn, soybeans, wheat, cotton)
![Page 33: Some Basic Concepts For Managing Land Dr. Karl Wood, Director Water Resources Research Institute Stucky Hall New Mexico State University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d365503460f94a0d763/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Nature abhors a void
Nature abhors topographical prominence
Nature abhors a crowd
Natural changes are often dynamic and catastrophic with unpleasant consequences for humans
Changes in nature due to human activities may be dynamic and catastrophic, or static, controlled, predictable, and beneficial to
humans, animals, and the land where they live.
Human influence is most probable for avoiding catastrophes and assuring ecological, social, and
economic stability.
Conclusions
![Page 34: Some Basic Concepts For Managing Land Dr. Karl Wood, Director Water Resources Research Institute Stucky Hall New Mexico State University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d365503460f94a0d763/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Healthy Land = preferred seral state is attained
Sustainability = preferred seral stage is maintained against the processes of succession and
retrogression, including invasions, especially by exotics
Conclusions
![Page 35: Some Basic Concepts For Managing Land Dr. Karl Wood, Director Water Resources Research Institute Stucky Hall New Mexico State University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d365503460f94a0d763/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
God bless America!
And PistolPete!
![Page 36: Some Basic Concepts For Managing Land Dr. Karl Wood, Director Water Resources Research Institute Stucky Hall New Mexico State University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d365503460f94a0d763/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Thank you!
Thank you!