Some aspects of our projects

with Quebec-populations

1. Public Health Research Unit of Laval University Medical Research Center-CHUQ,Canada

2. Department of Human Biology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph,Canada

michel.lucas@crchul.ulaval.ca

Lucas Michel1, Blanchet C.1, Holub B. J.2, Dewailly É.1

UNIVERSITÉ

LAVAL

International Scientific Conference on seal oil

Ottawa, June 7, 2004

Santé Santé QuébecQuébec 1990- 1990-

9292

All surveys followed a common standard protocol

Face-to-face interviews & clinical sessions - Information on physical, social & psychosocial health

Plasma PLs FA concentrations (1992-1996)- Capillary GLC at Guelph University (B.J. Holub)

N=2803 (1323 M & 1480 W), 18-74 yrs of age - 52% Quebecers (n=1460, mean age= 40.1 yr)

- 33% Cree (n=917, mean age=35.2 yr)

- 15% Inuit (n=426, mean age=38.2 yr)

Characteristics of subjects who participated in the Santé Québec Health Surveysa,b

P for trend = 0.0002

Mar

ine

Foo

d In

take

(g/

d)

Dewailly et al. Lipids. 2003 Apr;38(4):359-65.

Marine Food Intake (from 24-h dietary recalls)

P for trend = 0.0002

Mar

ine

Foo

d In

take

(g/

d)

Dewailly et al. Lipids. 2003 Apr;38(4):359-65.

Marine Food Intake (from 24-h dietary recalls)

170 mgEPA+DH

A

2115 mgEPA+DH

A700-900 mgEPA+DHA

EPA + DHA by Ethnic Group & Age

11,5

9,5

6,5

1,6 a1,9 a

5,8 b

4,2 b

2,0 a 3,2

0

3

6

9

12

15

18

21

24

27

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 18-34 35-49 50 + 18-34 35-49 50 + 18-34 35-49 50 + Quebec Cree Inuit

Values with same superscripts are not significantly different (p ≥ 0.05)

P for trend = 0.0002

Dewailly et al. Lipids. 2003 Apr;38(4):359-65.

TABLE 3 Regression coefficients ( values)1 of EPA+DHA in relation with HDL cholesterol and triacylglycerols as dependant variables.

Quartiles of EPA+DHA coef. (p) coef. (p)

Quartile 1 ( 1.62) 0.088 (0.59) 1.060 (0.002)

Quartile 2 (1.62-2.35) 0.017 (0.95) -0.178 (0.81)

Quartile 3 (2.36-4.03) 0.284 (0.22) -0.962 (0.09)

Quartile 4 ( 4.04) 0.601 (< 0.001) -0.817 (< 0.001)

HDL Triacylglycerols

1 Obtained from multiple linear regression analysis; one model for each CVD risk factor; each model included age, sex, body mass index, waist girth, smoking, alcohol intake

Threshold value for a beneficial effect

0.3% Quebecer

31% Cree

84% Inuit

Dewailly et al. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Oct;74(4):464-73.

P for trend = 0.0002

HDL cholesterol according quintile of EPA+DHA

Inuit of Nunavik

P for trend = 0.03

Triacylglycerols according to quintile of EPA+DHA

Inuit of Nunavik

Dewailly et al. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Oct;74(4):464-73.

P for trend = 0.03

FIG 1. Odds ratios (95% CIs) of prevalent high-risk concentration of plasma HDL-Chol

by quintiles of plasma PLs ratio of EPA/AA.Dewailly et al. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Nov;74(5):603-11.

OR for HDL-Chol 0.9 mmol/L

Quebecers

18:2 n-6 18:3 n-3

Four Types of Dietary EFA that predict the % of Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acids (HUFA) in tissues - a useful surrogate clinical marker

Lands, Am J Clin Nutr 1995; 61(suppl): 721S-25S.

Total HUFA

HUFA n-6(20:3, 20:4, 22:4. 22:5n-6)

HUFA n-3(20:3, 20:4, 20:5, 22:5, 22:6n-3)

Arachidonic Acid (20:4n-6) by Ethnic Group & Age

6,1 a6,5 a

6,1 a6,3 a

6,5 a

10,3

9,4

6,3 a

8,7

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 18-34 35-49 50 + 18-34 35-49 50 + 18-34 35-49 50 + Quebec Cree Inuit

Values with same superscripts are not significantly different (p ≥ 0.05)

EPA + DHA by Ethnic Group & Age

11,5

9,5

6,5

1,6 a1,9 a

5,8 b

4,2 b

2,0 a 3,2

0

3

6

9

12

15

18

21

24

27

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 18-34 35-49 50 + 18-34 35-49 50 + 18-34 35-49 50 + Quebec Cree Inuit

Values with same superscripts are not significantly different (p ≥ 0.05)

%n-3 HUFA (in total HUFA) by Ethnic Group & Age

45

54

61

19 a 20 a

35

29

21 a25

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 18-34 35-49 50 + 18-34 35-49 50 + 18-34 35-49 50 + Quebec Cree Inuit

Values with same superscripts are not significantly different (p ≥ 0.05)

Quebecer

Cree

Inuit

18-34 y 35-49 y 50-74 y

Variability of HUFA in tissues n-6 HUFA n-3 HUFA

a a a

CHD Mortality and Tissue HUFA

y = -2,8075x + 211,97

R2 = 0,9573

0

50

100

150

200

15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85

% omega-3 in Total HUFA

CH

D M

ort

alit

y

Greenland

Japan

Quebec Inuit

Quebec Cree

USA

Quebec All

MRFIT quintiles

Spain

FIG. 2: Coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality rates (for 100,000) associated with tissue HUFA proportions. Lands W.E.M. Lipids 2003 : 317-21.

Lands et al. 1992. BBA. (1180):147-162. Lands et al. 1992. FASEB J.( 6):2530-2536. Dewailly E. et al. 2002. Am J Clin Nutr. 76(1):85-92. Dewailly E. et al. 2002. Am J Clin Nutr. 76(1):85-92.   Dewailly E et al. 2001. Am J Clin Nutr 74(5):603-11.

Contribution of Traditional Foods to EPA+DHA intake

among the Inuit of Nunavik

Fat (Misirak): 1.5 g/d

Fat (Misirak): 1.6 g/d

37.1-42.7 g/d

70.8-75.5 g/d

12.4-13.4 g/d

10.4-13.3 g/d

8.6-11.1 g/d

5.7-8.4 g/d

6.9-9.9 g/d

Sign. Diff. in CVD risk factor levels among the 3 pop

HDL-chol, Total/HDL-chol, TG, SBP & DBP, Insuline- lowest among Inuit despite higher cig. Smoking & obesity

Fish intake among Inuit- 2 times greater than Cree

- 10 times greater than Quebecer

CONCLUSION

EPA+DHA plasma PLs-2 times greater than Cree

-4 times greater than Quebeces

EPA+DHA

AHA 2002 ISSFAL 19990.5–1.8 g/day 0.7 g/day

Sign. Diff. in CVD risk factor levels among the 3 pop

HDL-chol, Total/HDL-chol, TG, SBP & DBP, Insuline- lowest among Inuit despite higher cig. Smoking & obesity

Fish intake among Inuit- 2 times greater than Cree

- 10 times greater than Quebecer

Greater availability of market food in many Aboriginal regions appears to be more attracting for young people.

CONCLUSION

EPA+DHA plasma PLs-2 times greater than Cree

-4 times greater than Quebeces

The Inuit Diet and Health Study

An International Study of the Impact of Diet on

Health and Disease among the Inuit and Yupik