Some ASM Command

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ASM Command-Line Utility (ASMCMD)

ASMCMD is a command-line utility that you can use to easily view andmanipulate files and directories within Automatic Storage Management

(ASM) disk groups. It can list the contents of disk groups, performsearches, create and remove directories and aliases, display spaceutilization, and more.

ASMCMD works with Automatic Storage Management (ASM) files,directories, and aliases. Before using ASMCMD, you must understandhow these common computing concepts apply to the unique ASMenvironment. The following are some key definitions.

System-generated filename or 'fully qualified filename'

Every file created in ASM gets a system-generated filename, otherwiseknown as a fully qualified filename. This is analogous to a completepath name in a local file system. An example of a fully qualified

filename is the following:

+dgroup2/sample/controlfile/Current.256.541956473

ASM generates filenames according to the following scheme:

+diskGroupName/databaseName/fileType/fileTypeTag.file.incarnation

In the previous fully qualified filename, dgroup2 is the disk groupname, sample is the database name, controlfile is the file type,and so on.


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Directory

As in other file systems, an ASM directory is a container for files, and itcan be part of a tree structure of other directories.

The fully qualified filename in fact represents a hierarchy of directories,with the plus sign (+) as the root. In each disk group, ASM creates adirectory hierarchy that corresponds to the structure of the fullyqualified filenames in the disk group. The directories in this hierarchyare known as system-generated directories. ASMCMD enables you tomove up and down this directory hierarchy with the cd (changedirectory) command. The ASMCMD ls (list directory) command liststhe contents of the current directory, while the pwd command printsthe name of the current directory.

When you start ASMCMD, the current directory is set to root (+). For an

ASM instance with two disk groups, dgroup1 and dgroup2, enteringan ls command with the root directory as the current directoryproduces the following output:

ASMCMD> lsDGROUP1/DGROUP2/

The following example demonstrates navigating the ASM directory tree

(refer to the fully qualified filename shown previously):

ASMCMD> cd +dgroup1/sample/controlfileASMCMD> lsCurrent.256.541956473Current.257.541956475

You can also create your own directories as subdirectories of thesystem-generated directories. You do so with the ALTER DISKGROUPcommand or with the ASMCMD mkdir command. Your user-created

directories can have subdirectories, and you can navigate thehierarchy of both system-generated directories and user-generateddirectories with the cd command


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The following example creates the directory mydir in the disk groupdgroup1:

ASMCMD> mkdir +dgroup1/mydir

(Note that the directory dgroup1 is a system-generated directory. Itscontents represent the contents of the disk group dgroup1.)

If you start ASMCMD with the -p flag, ASMCMD always shows thecurrent directory as part of its prompt.

ASMCMD [+] > cd dgroup1/mydirASMCMD [+DGROUP1/MYDIR] >

Alias

An alias is a filename that is a reference (or pointer) to a system-generated filename, but with a more user-friendly name. It is similar toa symbolic link in Unix operating systems. You create aliases to makeit easier to work with ASM filenames. You can create an alias with anALTER DISKGROUP command or with the mkalias ASMCMDcommand.

An alias has at a minimum the disk group name as part of its completepath. You can create aliases at the disk group level or in any system-generated or user-created subdirectory. The following are examples ofaliases:

+dgroup1/ctl1.f+dgroup1/sample/ctl1.f+dgroup1/mydir/ctl1.f

If you run the ASMCMD ls (list directory) with the -l flag, each alias is

listed with the system-generated file that it references.

ctl1.f =>+dgroup2/sample/controlfile/Current.256.541956473

Absolute path and Relative path


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When you run an ASMCMD command that takes a filename or directoryname as an argument, you can supply the name as either an absolutepath or a relative path.

An absolute path refers to the full path to a file or directory. An

absolute path begins with a plus sign (+), followed by a disk groupname, followed by subsequent directories in the directory tree until thefile or directory of interest is reached. A complete system-generatedfilename (otherwise known as the fully qualified filename) is anexample of an absolute path to a file.

Using an absolute path enables the command to access the file ordirectory regardless of where the current directory is set. The followingrm command uses an absolute path for the filename:

ASMCMD [+DGROUP1/MYDIR] > rm

+dgroup2/sample/datafile/users.259.555341963

The following command uses an absolute path to the directory.

ASMCMD [+DGROUP1/MYDIR] > cd+dgroup2/sample/controlfile

A relative path includes only the part of the filename or directoryname that is not part of the current directory. That is, the path to thefile or directory is relative to the current directory.

In the following example, the rm command operates on the fileundotbs1.272.557429239, which in this case is a relative path.ASMCMD prepends the current directory to the command argument toobtain the absolute path to the file, which is+dgroup1/sample/datafile/undotbs1.272.557429239.

ASMCMD [+] > cd +dgroup1ASMCMD [+DGROUP1] > cd sample/datafile

ASMCMD [+DGROUP1/SAMPLE/DATAFILE] > lsEXAMPLE.269.555342243SYSAUX.257.555341961SYSTEM.256.555341961UNDOTBS1.258.555341963UNDOTBS1.272.557429239USERS.259.555341963


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ASMCMD [+DGROUP1/SAMPLE/DATAFILE] > rmundotbs1.272.557429239

Paths to directories can also be relative. You can go up or down the

hierarchy of the current directory tree branch by providing a directoryargument to the cd (change directory) command whose path isrelative to the current directory.

In addition, you can use the pseudo-directories "." and ".." in place of adirectory name. The "." pseudo-directory is the current directory. The".." psuedo-directory is the parent directory of the current directory.

The following example demonstrates using relative directory paths andpseudo-directories:

ASMCMD [+DGROUP1/SAMPLE] > cd datafileASMCMD [+DGROUP1/SAMPLE/DATAFILE] >cd ..ASMCMD [+DGROUP1/SAMPLE] >

Wildcard

The wildcard characters "*" and "%" match zero or more charactersanywhere within an absolute or relative path. The two charactersbehave identically. The ASMCMD commands that accept wildcards arels, du, rm, and find. The following examples illustrate the use ofwildcards.

ASMCMD> ls +dgroup1/mydir1ctl.fdata1.fdummy.f

ASMCMD> ls +dgroup1/mydir1/d*data1.fdummy.f

ASMCMD> ls +group1/sample/*+dgroup1/sample/CONTROLFILE/:Current.260.555342185Current.261.555342183+dgroup1/sample/DATAFILE/:EXAMPLE.269.555342243


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SYSAUX.257.555341961SYSTEM.256.555341961UNDOTBS1.272.557429239USERS.259.555341963

+dgroup1/sample/ONLINELOG/:group_1.262.555342191group_1.263.555342195group_2.264.555342197group_2.265.555342201+dgroup1/sample/PARAMETERFILE/:spfile.270.555342443+dgroup1/sample/TEMPFILE/:

TEMP.268.555342229

Running ASMCMD

You can run the ASMCMD utility in either interactive or noninteractivemode. Before running ASMCMD, you must ensure that you are loggedin properly and that your environment is properly configured.

Preparing to Run ASMCMD

To prepare to run ASMCMD:

Ensure that the ASM instance is started and the ASM disk groupsare mounted. (You cannot use ASMCMD to mount disk groups.)

Log in to the host that is running the ASM instance that you wantto work with. You must log in as a user that has SYSDBAprivileges through operating system authentication

Set the ORACLE_HOME and ORACLE_SID environment variables toselect the ASM instance. Depending on your operating system, youmay have to set other environment variables to properly connect tothe ASM instance.


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output if any, and then exits. The noninteractive mode is especiallyuseful for running scripts.

To run ASMCMD in noninteractive mode:

At the command prompt, enter:

asmcmdcommandarguments

where:

commandis any valid ASMCMD command. arguments is a list ofcommand flags and arguments.

The following example demonstrates running ASMCMD in thenoninteractive mode.

% asmcmd ls -lState Type Rebal Unbal NameMOUNTED NORMAL N N DGROUP1/MOUNTED NORMAL N N DGROUP2/%

Getting Help

Type help at the ASMCMD prompt or as a command in noninteractivemode to view general ASMCMD help and a list of available commands.

ASMCMD Command Reference

This section describes each individual ASMCMD command in detail.Table 20-1 provides a summary of all ASMCMD commands.

Table: Summary of ASM Commands

Command Description

cd Changes the current directory to the specified directory.

du Displays the total disk space occupied by ASM files in thespecified ASM directory and all its subdirectories,recursively.

exit Exits ASMCMD.
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Command Description

find Lists the paths of all occurrences of the specified name (withwildcards) under the specified directory.

help Displays the syntax and description of ASMCMD commands.

ls Lists the contents of an ASM directory, the attributes of thespecified file, or the names and attributes of all disk groups.

lsct Lists information about current ASM clients.

lsdg Lists all disk groups and their attributes.

mkalias Creates an alias for a system-generated filename.

mkdir Creates ASM directories.

pwdDisplays the path of the current ASM directory.

rm Deletes the specified ASM files or directories.

rmalias Deletes the specified alias, retaining the file that the aliaspoints to.

cd

Purpose

Changes the current directory to the specified directory.

Syntax and Description

cd dir

dirmay be specified as either an absolute path or a relative path,including the pseudo-directories "." and "..".

Examples

ASMCMD [+DGROUP2/HR] > cd +dgroup1/sampleASMCMD [+DGROUP1/SAMPLE] > cd datafileASMCMD [+DGROUP1/SAMPLE/DATAFILE] >cd ..ASMCMD [+DGROUP1/SAMPLE] >

du
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Purpose

Displays the total space used for files in the specified directory and inthe entire directory tree under it.


du [-H] dir

This command is similar to the du -s command in UNIX. If you do notspecify dir, information about the current directory is displayed. dircan contain wildcard characters.

The following two values are displayed, both in units of MB.

Used_MBThis value does not take the mirroring into account.Mirror_used_MBThis value takes mirroring into account.

For example, if a normal redundancy disk group contains 100 MB ofdata, then assuming that each file in the disk group is 2-way mirrored,Used_MB is 100 MB and Mirror_used_MB is roughly 200 MB.

The -H flag suppresses column headings from the output.

Example

The following example shows disk space used in the SAMPLE directoryin DGROUP1, including all directories below SAMPLE.

ASMCMD [+DGROUP1/SAMPLE] > duUsed_MB Mirror_used_MB

1251 2507

exit

Purpose

Exits ASMCMD and returns to the operating system command lineprompt.

Syntax

exit


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find

Purpose

Displays the absolute paths of all occurrences of the specified name

(with wildcards) in a specified directory and its subdirectories.


find [-t type] dirname

This command searches the specified directory and all subdirectoriesbelow it in the directory tree for the supplied name. name can be adirectory name or a filename, and can include wildcard characters. dirmay also include wildcards. In the output of the command, directorynames are suffixed with the slash character (/) to distinguish themfrom filenames.

You use the -t flag to find all the files of a particular type (specified astype). For example, you can search for control files by specifying typeas CONTROLFILE. Valid values for type are the following:

CONTROLFILEDATAFILEONLINELOG

ARCHIVELOGTEMPFILEBACKUPSETDATAFILEPARAMETERFILEDATAGUARDCONFIGFLASHBACKCHANGETRACKINGDUMPSETAUTOBACKUPXTRANSPORTNote:These are the values from the type column of the V$ASM_FILE view.

Examples

The following example searches the dgroup1 disk group for files thatbegin with 'undo':


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ASMCMD> find +dgroup1 undo*+dgroup1/SAMPLE/DATAFILE/UNDOTBS1.258.555341963+dgroup1/SAMPLE/DATAFILE/UNDOTBS1.272.557429239

The following example returns the absolute path of all the control filesin the +dgroup1/sample directory.

ASMCMD> find -t CONTROLFILE +dgroup1/sample *+dgroup1/sample/CONTROLFILE/Current.260.555342185+dgroup1/sample/CONTROLFILE/Current.261.555342183

help

Purpose

Displays the syntax of a command and a description of the commandparameters.


help [command]

Ifcommandis not specified, the help command displays a list of all theASMCMD commands and general information about using the ASMCMD

utility.

Example

help mkalias

ls

Purpose

Lists the contents of an ASM directory, the attributes of the specified

file, or the names and attributes of all disk groups.


ls [-lsdrtLaH] [name]


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Flag Description

-H Suppresses column headings.

If you specify all flags, then the command shows a union of theirattributes, with duplicates removed. If you enter ls +, then thecommand returns information on all disk groups, including whether ornot they are mounted.

Examples

ASMCMD [+DGROUP1/SAMPLE/DATAFILE] > lsEXAMPLE.269.555342243SYSAUX.257.555341961SYSTEM.256.555341961UNDOTBS1.258.555341963UNDOTBS1.272.557429239USERS.259.555341963

ASMCMD [+DGROUP1/SAMPLE/DATAFILE] > ls -lType Redund Striped Time Sys NameDATAFILE MIRROR COARSE APR 18 19:16:07 YEXAMPLE.269.555342243DATAFILE MIRROR COARSE MAY 09 22:01:28 Y

SYSAUX.257.555341961DATAFILE MIRROR COARSE APR 19 19:16:24 YSYSTEM.256.555341961DATAFILE MIRROR COARSE MAY 05 12:28:42 YUNDOTBS1.258.555341963DATAFILE MIRROR COARSE MAY 04 17:27:34 YUNDOTBS1.272.557429239DATAFILE MIRROR COARSE APR 18 19:16:07 YUSERS.259.555341963

ASMCMD [+DGROUP1/SAMPLE/DATAFILE] > ls -ltType Redund Striped Time Sys NameDATAFILE MIRROR COARSE MAY 09 22:01:28 YSYSAUX.257.555341961DATAFILE MIRROR COARSE MAY 05 12:28:42 YUNDOTBS1.258.555341963


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DATAFILE MIRROR COARSE MAY 04 17:27:34 YUNDOTBS1.272.557429239DATAFILE MIRROR COARSE APR 19 19:16:24 YSYSTEM.256.555341961DATAFILE MIRROR COARSE APR 18 19:16:07 Y

USERS.259.555341963DATAFILE MIRROR COARSE APR 18 19:16:07 YEXAMPLE.269.555342243

ASMCMD [+DGROUP1/SAMPLE/DATAFILE] > ls -l undo*Type Redund Striped Time Sys NameDATAFILE MIRROR COARSE MAY 05 12:28:42 YUNDOTBS1.258.555341963DATAFILE MIRROR COARSE MAY 04 17:27:34 Y

UNDOTBS1.272.557429239

ASMCMD [+DGROUP1/SAMPLE/DATAFILE] > ls -sBlock_Size Blocks Bytes Space Name

8192 12801 104865792 214958080EXAMPLE.269.555342243

8192 48641 398467072 802160640SYSAUX.257.555341961

8192 61441 503324672 1011875840SYSTEM.256.555341961

8192 6401 52436992 110100480UNDOTBS1.258.555341963

8192 12801 104865792 214958080UNDOTBS1.272.557429239

8192 641 5251072 12582912USERS.259.555341963

ASMCMD [+DGROUP1] > ls +DGROUP1/SAMPLECONTROLFILE/

DATAFILE/ONLINELOG/PARAMETERFILE/TEMPFILE/spfilesample.ora


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Table: Attribute descriptions for lsdg command output

AttributeName Description

State Mounted/connected state of the disk groupType Disk group redundancy ( NORMAL, HIGH, EXTERNAL)

Rebal Y if a rebalance operation is in progress

Unbal Y if the disk group is in need of rebalancing

Sector Sector size in bytes

Block Block size in bytes

AU Allocation Unit size in bytes

Total_MB Size of the disk group in MB

Free_MB Free space in the disk group in MB, without regard toredundancy. From the V$ASM_DISKGROUP view.

Req_mir_free_MB

Amount of space that must be available in the diskgroup to restore full redundancy after the worst failurethat can be tolerated by the disk group. This is theREQUIRED_MIRROR_FREE_MB column from theV$ASM_DISKGROUP view.

Usable_file_MB Amount of free space, adjusted for mirroring, that isavailable for new files. From the V$ASM_DISKGROUPview.

Offline_disks Number of offline disks in the disk group. Offline disksare eventually dropped.

Name Disk group name

See Oracle Database Administrator's Guide for more information on theattributes that are designated inTable 20-3 as being from theV$ASM_DISKGROUP view.

Ifgroup is specified, information about only that disk group is listed.The -H flag suppresses column headings.

Example

The following example lists the attributes of the dgroup2 disk group.
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ASMCMD [+] > lsdg dgroup2State Type Rebal Unbal Sector Block AUTotal_MB Free_MBReq_mir_free_MB Usable_file_MB Offline_disks NameMOUNTED NORMAL N N 512 4096 1048576

4096 12081024 92 0

DGROUP2/

mkalias

Purpose

Creates an alias for the specified system-generated filename.


mkalias filealias

alias must be in the same disk group as the system-generated file.Only one alias is permitted for each ASM file.

Note:The SQL*Plus equivalent of the mkalias command is:ALTER DISKGROUP dg_name ADD ALIAS user_alias FOR file

Example

The following example creates the sysaux.f alias for the fullyqualified filename+DGROUP1/SAMPLE/DATAFILE/SYSAUX.257.555341961.

ASMCMD [+DGROUP1/SAMPLE/DATAFILE] > mkaliasSYSAUX.257.555341961 sysaux.fASMCMD [+DGROUP1/SAMPLE/DATAFILE] > ls -anone => EXAMPLE.269.555342243+DGROUP1/SAMPLE/DATAFILE/sysaux.f =>SYSAUX.257.555341961none => SYSTEM.256.555341961none => UNDOTBS1.258.555341963none => UNDOTBS1.272.557429239none => USERS.259.555341963sysaux.f


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mkdir

Purpose

Creates ASM directories under the current directory.


mkdir dir [dir] . . .

The current directory can be a system-created or user-createddirectory. You cannot create a directory at the root (+) level.

Note:The SQL*PLUS equivalent of the mkdir command is ALTER DISKGROUPdg_nameADD DIRECTORYdir, dir . . .

Example

The following example creates the directories subdir1 and subdir2at the disk group level in the disk group dgroup1.

ASMCMD [+DGROUP1] > mkdir subdir1 subdir2

ASMCMD [+DGROUP1] > lsSAMPLE/example_df2.fsubdir1/subdir2/

pwd

Purpose

Displays the absolute path of the current directory.


pwd

Example


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ASMCMD> pwd+dgroup1/sample/controlfile

rm

Purpose

Deletes the specified ASM files and directories.


rm [-rf] name [name] . . .

Ifname is a file or alias, rm can delete it only if it is not currently in useby a client database. Ifname is a directory, rm can delete it only if it isempty (unless the -r flag is used) and it is not a system-generateddirectory. Ifname is an alias, rm deletes both the alias and the file thatthe alias references. (To delete just an alias and retain the file that thealias references, use the rmalias command.)

Note:The SQL*Plus equivalents of the rm command are:ALTER DISKGROUP ... DROP FILEALTER DISKGROUP ... DROP DIRECTORY

If you use a wildcard, rm deletes all matches except non-emptydirectories (unless the -r flag is used).

To recursively delete, use the -r flag. This enables you to delete anon-empty directory, including all files and directories in it and in theentire directory tree underneath it.

If you use the -r flag or a wildcard character, rm prompts you toconfirm deletion before proceeding, unless you specify the -f flag.If awildcard character matches an alias or a system-generated file thathas an alias, both the alias and the system-generated file that itreferences are deleted. When using the -r flag, either the system-generated file or the alias needs to be present in the directory in whichyou run the rm command.

For example, if you have a user alias, +dg1/dir1/file.alias thatpoints to +dg/ORCL/DATAFILE/System.256.146589651 , thenrunning the rm -r +dg1/dir1 command will remove


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Some ASM Command

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