SOMALIA...This report of the Round 1 Multi-Sectorial Location Assessment (MLSA) by the Displacement...

SOMALIA

DISPLACEMENT SITUATION REPORTMULTI-SECTORIAL LOCATION ASSESSMENT ROUND 1

( JULY-AUGUST 2020)

DTM Somalia Mobility Tracking is supported by:

© Muse Mohammed, IOM Somalia, 2018

SOMALIA Displacement Data – MSLA Round 1 (July - August 2020)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

This report of the Round 1 Multi-Sectorial Location Assessment (MLSA) by the Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) aimsto improve the knowledge of the main characteristics and needs of three categories of migrants: internally displaced persons(IDPs), returning IDPs and returnees from abroad. Data collection was conducted between July and August 2020 throughkey informant interviews. The report covers 3 regions: Hiraan, Shabelle Hoose and Shabelle Dhexe.

2

OVERVIEW OF DISPLACEMENTS FIGURES 3

URBAN AND RURAL SETTLEMENTS 4

HIRAAN REGION 5

SHABELLE HOOSE REGION 8

SHABELLE DHEXE REGION 11

IDPs SITES 14

HIRAAN REGION 17

SHABELLE HOOSE REGION 19

SHABELLE DHEXE REGION 21

METHODOLOGY AND LIMITATIONS 23

3

DEMOGRAHIC AND DISPLACEMENTS


OVERVIEW OF DISPLACEMENTS FIGURES

REGION IDPs Returnees former IDPs

Returnees from abroad

Host community/Resident

HIRAAN 60,134 8.986 2,180 539,577

SHABELLE HOOSE 24,804 11,364 3,379 184,928

SHABELLE DHEXE 70,654 45,767 2,478 526,444

TOTAL 155,592 66,117 8,037 1,250,949

POPULATIONS OF INTEREST IN RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENTS (individuals)

REGION IDPs (Individuals)

HIRAAN 88,477

SHABELLE HOOSE 21,460

SHABELLE DHEXE 62,934

TOTAL 172,871

SETTLEMENT TYPE HIRAAN SHABELLE HOOSE

SHABELLE DHEXE

URBAN SETTLEMENTS(Neighbourhoods/Wah)

100% of urban settlements were assessed

24 47 13

RURAL SETTLEMENTS(Villages/Tulo)

12% of rural settlements were assessed

48 115 49

IDPs SITES100% of sites were assessed

64 33 32

TOTAL 166 195 94

IDPs (individuals)

NUMBER OF SETTLEMENTS ASSESSED

*Regions were selected due to historical instances of massive large-scale displacements stemming from flooding along the River Shabelle and River Juba, massive evictions and armed conflict.Rural areas are classified as villages while urban areas are regarded as towns.

REGIONS ASSESSED

4

IDP SITES

© IOM Somalia, October 2020


SITES - OVERVIEW (HIRAAN, SHABELLE HOOSE, SHABELLE DHEXE REGIONS)


NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS PRESENT AT IDP SITES

172,871

Region Name

District Name Total

Belet Weyne 47Bulo Burto 12Jalalaqsi 5Balcad 16Cadale 4Jowhar 12Afgooye 12Baraawe 2

Marka 10Qoryooley 4

Wanla Weyn 5129

Hiraan

Shabelle Dhexe

Shabelle Hoose

Grand Total

ASSESSMENT COVERAGE

5

MAP OF IDPs SITES


SITES - OVERVIEW (HIRAAN, SHABELLE HOOSE, SHABELLE DHEXE REGIONS)

6

49%

29%

11%

5%

3%

3%

1%

Private owner

Mixed landownership

Local authority/government

Owner not known

None of the above

Federal government

other

81%

19%

No Yes

38%

14%

10%

8%

7%

7%

6%

4%

4%

4%

River

Piped system

Water kiosk (Provided by humanitarian aid)

Protected well without hand pump

Berkad

Protected well with hand pump

Unprotected well

None of the above

Vendors or shop

Water tank and tap

54%32%

14%No Yes Do not know

62%

13%

9%

5%

3%

3%

3%

2%

1%

Market purchases

Own livestock

Gifts from family/friends/neighbors

Household production

Fishing / Foraging / Hunting

Trade for labour

Food assistance from NGO aid

other

Borrowing/Debts

81%

19%

No

Yes

Primary source of drinking water

Owners of the land on which the site is established

Primary source of food for most residents

Are women giving birth while attended by skilled health personnel (trained midwife, doctor, and nurse)?

Is there a mechanism in place for residents to provide feedback?

Access to an NFI and construction materials market

The primary source of drinking water in IDPs sites are the rivers (for 38% of the respondents) and the primary source of food are the markets (62%).

Most of IDPs sites are established on land with a private owner (49%) or with mixed landownership (29%). Most of the residents don’t have access to an NFI and construction materials market.

A majority of women (54%) doesn’t give birth while attended by skilled health personnel. And only few residents have access to mechanism to provide feedback (19%).


SITES - HIRAAN REGION

7

NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS PRESENT AT THE SITES

88,477

FOOD SECURITY

73%

13%

2%

11%

2%

Market purchases

Own livestock


Gifts from family / friends / neighbors

Borrowing/Debts

88%

13%

No Yes

Primary source of food Access to food market

NUTRITION

Average minutes (minimum) it would take to walk to the nearest nutrition services

Average minutes (maximum) it would take to walk to the nearest nutrition services

23

31

EDUCATION

65%

26%

9%

0 to 25% 26 to 50% 51 to 75%

65%

26%

9%

0 to 25% 26 to 50% 51 to 75%

Average minutes (minimum) it would take to walk to the nearest school or learning facility

Average minutes (maximum) it would take to walk to the nearest school or learning facility

21

28

Schools or learning facilities with gender segregated latrines

Schools or learning facilities have fences and clear demarcation

95%

5%

No Yes

52%

48%

No Yes

67%

33%

No Yes

SHELTER

Incidences fire breakouts over the last 3 months

Flooding occurrences over the last year

Availability of public lighting

Market purchase was identified as the primary means of obtaining food (73% of the residents) however only 13% of them have access to food market.

Regarding education, 65% of the respondents declared that a quarter or less of the schools have gender segregated latrines.

A majority, 67% of the residents declared that public lighting is not available.


SITES - HIRAAN REGION

8

CCCM

Average of number of months sites in Hiran have been

established.

191 MONTHS

48%

38%

8%

5%

2%

Private owner

Mixed landownership

Local authority/government

Owner not known

other


First most common region of origin of IDPs

72%

17%

8%

3%

Bakool

Hiraan

Awdal

Bay

HEALTH

Average minutes (minimum) it would take to walk to the nearest health facility

Average minutes (maximum) it would take to walk to the nearest health facility

14

19

46%

38%

16%

No Yes Do not know


WASH

Average minutes (minimum) it would take to walk to the nearest working water source

Average minutes (maximum) it would take to walk to the nearest working water source

16

16

50%

17%

8%

6%

5%

5%

3%

3%

3%

River

Piped system



None of the above

Unprotected well

Berkad

Vendors or shop


86%

14%

No Yes

Primary source of drinking water Do residents treat their water?

Close to a half, 46% of women in IDPs sites are giving birth while not attended by skilled health personnel.

The main primary source of drinking water is the river (50%) and 86% of the residents do not treat their water.

Most of IDPs sites in Hiiraan region are established on land with a private owner (48%) or with mixed landownership (38%). The main region of origin of IDPs is Bakool(for 72%)


SITES - SHABELLE HOOSE REGION

9


21,460

FOOD SECURITY


NUTRITION



12

23

EDUCATIONAverage minutes (minimum) it would take to walk to the nearest school or learning facility


8

15



SHELTER


Flooding occurrences over the last year


42%12%

9%9%9%

6%6%6%

Market purchasesOwn livestock

Fishing / Foraging / HuntingFood assistance from NGO aid

Household productionOther

Trade for labourGifts from family / friends / neighbors

42%

58%

No Yes

60%30%

10%

0 to 25% 26 to 50% 51 to 75%

65%

25%

10%

0 to 25% 26 to 50% 51 to 75%

70%

30%

No Yes

48%52%

no Yes67%

33%

no Yes

The primary means of obtaining food is through market purchases (for 42% of the residents) however 42% do not have access to food market.

Regarding education, 60% of the respondents declared that a quarter or less of the schools have gender segregated latrines.

A majority, 67% of the residents declared that public lighting is not available.


SITES - SHABELLE HOOSE REGION

10

CCCM

Average of number of months sites in Lower Shabelle have

been established.

111 MONTHS


First most common region of origin of IDPs

HEALTH



17

65


WASH



13

31


94%

3%

3%

Shabelle Hoose

Bay

Shabelle Dhexe

55%

18%

12%

9%

6%

Private owner

Local authority / government

Mixed landownership

Federal government

Owner not known

61%

33%

6%

No Yes Do not know

21%

21%

12%

9%

9%

6%

6%

6%

6%

3%

River


Water tank and tap

Berkad


Piped system


Unprotected well

Vendors or shop

None of the above

61%

39%

No Yes

Most of IDPs sites in Shabelle Hoose region are established on land with a private owner (55%) or owned by the local authority or the government (18%). 94% of theIDPs originated from Shabelle Hoose.

Most women (61%) in IDPs sites are giving birth while not attended by skilled health personnel.

The main primary sources of drinking water are the river (21%), water kiosk provided by humanitarian aid (21%0 and water tank and tap (12%). 61% of the residents do not treat their water.


SITES - SHABELLE DHEXE REGION

11


62,934

FOOD SECURITY


NUTRITION



12

15

EDUCATIONAverage minutes (minimum) it would take to walk to the nearest school or learning facility


18

23



SHELTER



50%

17%

17%

17%

Market purchases

Own livestock

Trade for labour


69%

31%No Yes

100%

0 to 25%

100%

0 to 25%

100%

No

94%

6%

No Yes

In the sites of Shabelle Dhexe region, the primary source of food is the market (for 50% of the residents) however 69% do not have access to food market.

Regarding education, all the respondents declared that a quarter or less of the schools have gender segregated latrines.

Almost all the residents (94%) declared that public lighting is not available.


SITES - SHABELLE DHEXE REGION

12

CCCM

Average of number of months sites in Middle Shabelle have been

established.

227 MONTHS


HEALTH



33

42


WASH



17

22


50%

33%

17%

Owner not known

Mixed landownership

Private owner

62%19%

19%

No Yes Do not know

33%

17%

17%

17%

17%

Berkad

Piped system


Unprotected well


83%

17%

No Yes

Most (50%), of the respondents declared that they don’t know the owner/s of the land the IDP site is established in while for those that are know mixed land ownership models were prevalent at 33%

Most women (62%) in IDPs sites are giving birth while not attended by skilled health personnel.

A third of the residents use berkad (33%) as primary source of water. A large majority 83% of the residents do not treat their water.

13

URBAN AND RURAL SETTLEMENTS

© IOM Somalia, 2020


HIRAAN REGION

URBAN RURAL


Number of IDPs Number of returnees form internal displacement

55,160 6,862

Number of returnees form abroad

2,139513, 422

Number of host community

35%

65%

Drought

Conflict

75%

25%2015 - 2018

2019 - 2020

LIVELIHOODS

Type of livelihood

Reasons for displacements* When did IDPs arrive?*

Main issues for livelihood

HEALTH

85%

12%

4%

Malaria

Measles

Acute malnutrition

62%

38%No

Yes

Primary health concern Presence of health facility

Number of IDPs Number of returnees from internal displacement

Number of returnees form abroad

4,974 2,124

26,155


41

31%

35%

27%

8%

25%

50%

75%

N/A

Percentage of people who lost their job over the last 6 months

14

42%29%

15%13%

2%

PastoralismFarming

Daily LaborerAgro-Pastoralism

Petty Trade

60%13%10%

4%4%2%2%2%2%

Food shortageClimate related reasons

Not enough jobsLack of qualification

Non agriculturalDistanceLocusts

Shortage of farmlandUnequal…

Main issues for livelihood

Type of livelihood

75%15%

4%2%2%2%

MalariaAcute malnutrition

DiarrheaMeasles

PneumoniaTuberculosis

94%

4% 2%

No Unknown Yes


4%

8%

8%

15%

31%

35%

Low pay

No issue

Non agricultural

Climate related reasons

Food shortage

No jobs

4%

42%

54%

Petty trade

Self employed

Daily laborer

82%

18%2015-2018

2019-2020

When did IDPs arrive?*Reasons for displacements*

58%

38%

5%

Drought

Conflict

Eviction

*Percentages are on the total number of IDPs. All other percentages are per settlements.

Reading: In 31% of the urban settlements, 25% of the people lost their job over the last 6 months.


33%

24%

41%

2%

25%

75%

50%

100%

Conflict (65%) and drought (35%) are likely to be the major reasons for displacement in urban areas whilst drought (58%) is the major factor in rural displacementfollowed by conflict (38%) and evictions (5%). Most displacement is likely to have occurred between 2019 and 2020 in both urban and rural settings.

Pastoralism (42%) is likely the major type of livelihood activity in rural areas followed by farming (29%), for urban settings daily labour (54%) and self employment(42%) are the likely leading livelihood activities. Rural communities are most likely to face food shortage (60%) averse climatic factors (13%) and lack of jobs (10%), atthe same time in urban communities lack of jobs (35%), food shortage (31%) and climate (15%).

Reading: In 33% of the rural settlements, 25% of the people lost their job over the last 6 months.

Malaria, 75% and 85%, was the biggest health concern in rural and urban areas respectively with those in rural areas are highly unlikely to have a health facility nearbywith 94% declaring in stark contrast to urban areas where at least 62% are likely to have a health facility nearby.

EDUCATION


HIRAAN REGION

URBAN RURAL

WASH

15

Water sources accessible to all households

Who faces additional obstacles to accessing water?

Conflicts related to water

71%

17%

6%

6%

None

Religious Schools

Primary

Secondary

Highest level of education by the majority of the adultsHighest level of education by the majority of the adults

HOUSING LAND AND PROPERTY

75%

15%

4%

4%

2%

Communal land

Landholding certificate

Informal land tensure

Public institutes

Leased land

56%

25%

19%

No

Unknown

Yes

Main form of land tenure

Access to land required for the livelihood practices of the majority of IDPs?

4%

4%

4%

12%

35%

42%

Children

IDPs

Minority

Elderly

No group

Female

8%35%

58%

UnknownYesNo

42%

38%

19%

Yes

No

Unknown



58%

27%

12%

4%

Communal land


Leased land

Informal land tenure

All percentages are per settlements.

4%

8%

88%

Unknown

No

Yes

62%

12%

12%

8%

8%

Secondary

Primary

Religious schools

None

University

58%

38%

4%

Yes

No

Unknown




50%

33%

13%

2%

2%

No group

Females

Children

Disable

Unknown69%

21%

10%

No

Yes

Unknown

Communal land and landholdings are the top two main form of land tenure in both settlement types, while majority (42%) of respondents in urban areas pointed towards IDPs have access to land for livelihood practices this is in start contrast rural areas where only 19% have access. Slightly more than half (56%) of the respondents indicated that IDPs do not have access for land for livelihood.

In urban areas the majority (62%) of the adults have achieved at least a secondary school education, though only 8% have achieved university education. Whilst in ruralareas a whooping 71% had received no formal education and only 17% had attended religious school.

Access to water was quite high in urban areas (88%) and slightly above average in rural areas (58%). However, in terms of obstacles to accessing the water pointfemales (42%) in urban areas were most affected in urban areas, this was slightly lower in rural areas (33%), at the same time no singular group (50%) registeredadditional obstacles in rural areas. Both rural and urban areas recorded less than average conflicts resulting from water at 21% and 35% respectively.


HIRAAN REGION

URBAN RURAL

16

SHELTER AND NFI

69%

17%

6%

4%

4%

Weather

Lack of basic service (water, electricity etc)

Lack of privacy

Lack of security

Land and property issues

Main issue

Main safety concern

4%

4%

15%

23%

54%

Size shelter insufficient

Unequal access status

No issues

Cost rent expensive

Construction expensive

Main issue

Main safety concern

50%

27%

12%

8%

4%

Weather

Land property issue

Basic servce

Lack sec

Lack privacy

MAP OF SETTLEMENTS

73%

8%

8%

4%

4%

2%

The cost of construction is too expensive

The cost of rent is too expensive

Unequal access because of status

The quality of shelters is sub-standard (does not protect from Weather)

The size of shelters is insufficient (overcrowding, no privacy)

No issues

Construction cost is the prevalent issue in both rural and urban areas at 73% and 54% respectively, followed by rental costs. In terms of safety the weather was thetopmost concern in urban (50%) followed by land property issues (27%) and basic service whilst in rural areas weather was also cited at 69%, followed by lack of basicservices (17%) such as water and electricity this was followed by lack of privacy (6%).


54%

10%

7%

6%

6%

4%

3%

3%

2%

2%

1%

1%

Malaria

Diarrhea

Amoeba

Scabies

Typhoid

Pneumonia

Acute Malnutrition

Tuberculosis

Injury

UTI

Other

Reproductive complications


SHABELLE HOOSE REGION

URBAN RURALDEMOGRAHIC AND DISPLACEMENTS

Number of IDPs Number of returnees form internal displacement

20,074 9,390

Number of returnees from abroad

2,251 130,014


LIVELIHOODS

Type of livelihood


Main issue with livelihood

HEALTH




4,730 1,974

54,914


1,218


17

Main issue with livelihood

Type of livelihood

Primary health concern

Presence of health facility

1%10%

32%58%

LivelihoodDrought

Flah floodConflict

53%47%2015 - 2018

2019 - 2020

30%

55%

15%

25%

50%

75%

17%

83%

NoYes

22%19%19%

12%7%7%5%4%3%1%1%

Non agriculturalClimate related reasons

Shortage of farmlandFood shortage

Lack of qualificationNot enough jobs

DistanceNo issues

LocustsLow Pay

Unequal access57%

17%

16%

6%

2%

2%

1%

Farming

Pastoralism

Agro-Pastoralism

Petty Trade

Daily Laborer

Fishing

None

67%9%

24%

No Unknown Yes

32%

32%

13%

11%

11%

2%

Daily laborer

Self-employed

Agro pastoralism

Fishing

Petty trade

Other

21%

17%

17%

13%

13%

9%

4%

4%

2%

No issue

Non agricultural

Shortage farmland


No jobs

Food shortage

lack_qualification

Low pay

Locusts

60%

13%

11%

4%

4%

4%

2%

2%

Malaria

Scabies

Typhoid

Diarrhea

Measles

Acute malnutrition2

Injury

Tuberculosis

14%

86%

2015-2018

2019-2020

50%29%

14%5%

2%

Flash floodDroughtConflict

LivelihoodEviction


*Percentages are on the total number of IDPs. All other percentages are per settlements.



47%

38%

14%

1%

50%

25%

75%

100%

Displacement in urban areas and rural areas is a direct result of conflict 58% and 14% and also flash flood 32% and 50% respectively additionally drought (29%)contributed to rural displacement. A significant number of IDPs arrived between 2019 and 2020 (86%) in rural areas and between 2015 and 2018 (53%) in urban.

Reading: In 47% of the settlements, 25% of the people lost their job over the last 6 months.

One is likely to be self employed (32%) or working as a laborer (32%) in urban environments whilst one is likely to be engaged in farming (57%) in rural areas. Among thetop three issues with livelihoods in both urban and rural areas include shortage of farmland and non agricultural issues (i.e. barriers to trade).

Malaria is the most prominent health concern in both settings at 60% in urban and 54% in rural. The presence of health facilities is highest in urban areas (83%) andlowest in rural (67%).

EDUCATION



URBAN RURALWASH

18




Highest level of education by the majority of the adults





15%

85%

No

Yes

67%

26%

6%

1%

None

Religious Schools

Primary

Secondary

33%18%17%

13%11%

4%3%



Communal land

Public institutes

Leased land

Subletted land

Other

73%

14%

13%

No

Unknown

Yes

62%

38%

No

Yes

28%

26%

13%

11%

9%

6%

6%

2%

No group

Disable

Elderly

Females

Children

IDPs

Unknown no answer

Minority

55%

32%

13%

Yes

No

Unknown



28%

23%

21%

19%

4%

4%

Communal land

Public institutes


Informal land tenure

Leased land

Subletted land


55%

21%

11%

11%

2%

Secondary

University

None

Primary

Religious schools




23%

19%

17%

15%

15%

7%

3%

2%

Females

Elderly

Disable

Children

No group

Unknown

Minority

IDPs

63%

32%

5%

No

Yes

Unknown

52%

43%

5%

No

Yes

Unknown

Females in rural areas (23%) are most likely to face additional barriers to accessing water, this comes down to 11% in urban areas where the disabled (26%) and theelderly (13%) outranked them. Both settlement types experienced minimal conflicts in relation to water. Water accessibility was highest in urban areas at 85% and 52%in rural areas

A slight majority of adults have attained secondary (55%) in urban areas and quite a few have a university level education at 21%, in rural areas religious educationwas attained by at least 26% of the population a further 67% had received no for of formal education.

Access to land for livelihood practices was highest in rural areas at 73% and slightly above average in urban areas at 55%. Main land form of land tenure in ruralsettings were landholding certificate (33%), informal land tenure (18) and communal land (17%) in stark contrast to urban areas where the order was communal land(28%), public institutes (23%) and landholding certificate (21%).



URBAN RURAL

19

SHELTER AND NFI

Main issue

Main safety concern

39%

29%

11%

8%

7%

6%


No issues





26%24%

22%16%

12%

WeatherLack of basic service (water, electricity etc)

Lack of securityLack of privacy


36%

17%

17%

17%

13%

Weather

Land property issue

Basic service

Lack privacy

Lack sec

54%

23%

15%

4%

4%


Cost rent expensive

No issues


Unequal access status

Main safety concern

Main issue


MAP OF SETTLEMENTS

Respondents decried that cost of construction (54% in urban and 39% in rural ) and rental charges (54% in urban and 39% in rural) were the main issues when in tocomes to shelter and NFI. At the same time weather was the top most safety concern.

50%

29%

21%

Yes

Don't know

No


SHABELLE DHEXE REGION

URBAN RURAL



27,909 22,939


446 273,140


LIVELIHOODS

Type of livelihood


Main issue

HEALTH




42,745 22,828

253,304


2,032

Children workPercentage of people who lost their job over the last 6 months

20

Main issue

Type of livelihood


1%

99%

2015 - 2018

2019 - 2020

29%

71%No Yes

45%

27%

22%

6%

Agro-Pastoralism

Daily Laborer

Pastoralism

Farming

29%

22%

16%

16%

6%

4.08%

2%

2%

2%

Non agricultural

Food shortage


Shortage of farmland

Not enough jobs

No issues

Distance

Lack of qualification

Locusts

86%

4%

4%

2%

2%

2%

Malaria

Injury

Measles

None

Peumonia

Tuberculosis

76%6%18%

No

Unknown

Yes

51%

29%

19%

1%

Flash Flood

Seasonal flood

Conflict

Livelihood

64%

21%

14%

Daily laborer

Fishing

Self-employed

64%

21%

14%

Food shortage

No jobs

Non agricultural

50%

36%

7%

7%

Malaria

Injury

Measles

Scabies

5%

95%

2015-2018

2019-2020

73%

20%

4%

3%

0%

Seasonal flood

Flash flood

Conflict

Drought

Livelihood


*Percentages are on the total number of IDPs. All other percentages are per settlements


36%

29%

29%

7%

25%

50%

75%

100%

Children workPercentage of people who lost their job over the last 6 months

37%

35%

20%

8%

25%

50%

75%

100%

45%

29%

27%

No

Don't Know

Yes

Flash flood and seasonal floods were the two primary reasons for displacement in both rural and urban areas followed by conflict, majority of IDPs arrived between 2019 and 2020

In urban setting the major source of livelihood was through daily labour (64%) whilst in the rural areas agro-pastoralism (45%) was identified. Within the variouslivelihood sectors food shortage (64%) was the prominent issue in Urban areas while it was the second most prominent issue in rural settlements at 22%, the first moreprominent issue being non agricultural (29%).


EDUCATION



URBAN RURAL

WASH

21









7%

14%

79%

No

Unknown

Yes

7%

7%

36%

50%

Children

Disable

Elderly

Females

39%

35%

24%

2%

None

Religious Schools

Primary

Secondary

84%

8%

4%

4%

Communal land

Public institutes


Subletted land67%

18%

14%

Yes

Unknown

No

50%

36%

14%

Yes

No

Unknown

50%

36%

14%

YesUnknown

No



43%

43%

14%

Communal landPublic institutes

Leased land


36%

21%

21%

14%

7%

Secondary

Primary

Religious schools

None

University




61%

22%

16%

YesNo

Unknown

51%

41%

8%

Yes

No

Unknown

43%

33%

16%

6%

2%

Females

Elderly

No group

Children

Unknown

Access to water is expected to be relatively high in urban areas (79%) whilst about average in rural (51%). However in both sides of the divide (rural and urbansettlements) female and the elderly are most likely to face additional challenges accessing water. Furthermore, conflict related to water is most likely to occur in rural(61%) and urban (50%) settlement.

Communities in rural areas are most likely to not have attended any kind of formal or informal education (39%), however 35% have attended religious schools., thiscompared to urban areas where 36% have attended secondary school and religious 21% a piece and university 7%.

The top two main land tenure systems are communal land and public institutes whilst a majority of IDPs have access to land for livelihood purposes.



URBAN RURAL

22

SHELTER AND NFI

Main issue

Main safety concern

47%

29%

10%

8%

6%






35%

31%

20%

8%

6%

Weather


Lack of basic service (water, electricity etc)

Lack of security

Lack of privacy

Main issue

Main safety concern

54%

23%

15%

4%

4%


Cost rent expensive

No issues


Unequal access to status

29%

29%

21%

14%

7%

Weather

Basic service

Lack sec

Land property issue

Lack privacy


MAP OF SETTLEMENTS

In both urban and rural areas the main issue was that of the expensive cost of construction and weather was the main safety concern.

DTM GLOBAL-The Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) is a system to track and monitor displacement and population mobility. It is designed to regularlyand systematically capture, process and disseminate information to provide a better understanding of the movements and evolving needs ofdisplaced populations, whether on site or in route. The system has been deployed by IOM since 2004 in over eighty countries worldwide.More information is available at www.globaldtm.info.

DTM IN SOMALIAWhile displacement levels are consistently high in Somalia, IDP numbers are difficult to estimate due to several reasons, including securityconcerns and volatile environment, logistical and accessibility limitations, fluid and constant movements and limited funding available fordisplacement data collection exercises, among others. To address this issue and contribute to the creation of a displacement baseline inSomalia, IOM deployed in 2016 the Mobility Tracking component of DTM, an area based assessment to capture information ondisplacement locations and stocks of IDPs.

METHODOLOGY-Mobility Tracking aims to quantify presence of population categories, reasons for displacement, length of displacement and needs within defined locations at a given time. When the exercise is repeated several rounds, it captures mobility dynamics.

At each round, Mobility Tracking has 3 steps and this report presents the findings of step 3 - in 3 pilot regions: Hiraan, Shabelle Dhexeand Shabelle Hoose. This locations were selected due to their historical propensity and vulnerability to seasonal flooding from the result ofa bursting of the banks from the rivers Juba and Shabelle.

Data for the MSLA was collected between July 2020 and August 2020.

• STEP 1: BASELINE 1 (B1) is conducted at the district level. This step gathers information on a list of settlements by district,including name of settlement, settlement type (wah/neighbourhood for urban areas, tulo/village for rural areas, and IDP sites) andpresence of population categories relevant to the exercise (in this case, residents, IDPs, returnees from abroad and returnees frominternal displacement). The key output is a master list and maps of settlements where the next step of assessment will beconducted. The master list is obtained thanks to the triangulation of datasets from in-country partners and a process of datacleaning and quality control. Please click here to access the results.

• STEP 2: BASELINE 2 (B2) is conducted at the settlement level wah/neighbourhood, tulo/village and IDP sites). This step gathersinformation on settlements including estimations of numbers of households and individuals disaggregated by each populationcategory. This information is collected in the field through key informants’ interviews and direct observations. Please click here toaccess the results.

• STEP 3: MULTI-SECTORAL LOCATION ASSESSMENT (MSLA) is conducted at the settlement level. All urban settlements andsites assessed drew from the settlement list from Baseline 2, however for rural settlements a sample was assessed.Approximatively 12% of rural settlements were assessed. This step gathers information on needs and gaps. This information iscollected in the field through key informants’ interviews and direct observations. Key informants are people with a goodknowledge of a location. Therefore, the data collected is based on their knowledge and is corroborated through directobservations, data cleaning, quality control and triangulation with other data sources.

- The indicators for the site were drawn from the existing DSA (Detailed site Assessment) tool, whist for the urban and ruralsettlements the indicators selected from tools adopted by IOM Ethiopia in their undertaking of the same assessment.

LIMITATIONS-Due to the current COVID-19 pandemic and access constraints, some interviews were conducted remotely by phone, which precludeddirect observations to corroborate the findings. Since the findings depend on the knowledge of key informants, they are estimations andshould be interpreted with caution. In addition, as land use is changing rapidly in Somalia, some locations may be missing if they were notreported by key informants and were not included in an existing dataset (i.e. a very recent settlement or site). Data accuracy is improved bythe repetition of data collection rounds.

Not all indicators are published here, if the reader would like to access other indicators and/or have questions or comments, please send usan email at [email protected].

For more information, please click here to access all DTM Somalia products.23


METHODOLOGY AND LIMITATIONS

http://www.globaldtm.info/https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiZDVhYmEzOTgtZjViZC00OWRjLWFkNmUtYjU2ZDQ0NDI4YTM0IiwidCI6IjE1ODgyNjJkLTIzZmItNDNiNC1iZDZlLWJjZTQ5YzhlNjE4NiIsImMiOjh9&pageName=ReportSectionhttps://displacement.iom.int/somaliamailto:[email protected]://dtm.iom.int/somalia

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SOMALIA...This report of the Round 1 Multi-Sectorial Location Assessment (MLSA) by the Displacement...

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