Somalia
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Transcript of Somalia
SomaliaSomalia
Presented by Presented by Jennifer FeeceJennifer Feece
Sara Winninger-LopezSara Winninger-LopezSadia HumayounSadia HumayounAndrea HansonAndrea Hanson
GeographyGeography
Located in Africa
Borders Ethiopia and Kenya
Africa’s 18th largest country
Area of Texas
2nd longest coast
Tropical/Subtropical Climate
Capital: Mogadishu
Wars and TakeoversWars and Takeovers
1800: Omani East African Empire1800: Omani East African Empire1888: British Somaliland1888: British Somaliland1950: Italian Somaliland1950: Italian Somaliland1960: Independence1960: Independence1969: Coup by Major General Mohammed Siad Barre1969: Coup by Major General Mohammed Siad Barre1990: Civil War 1990: Civil War 1992-1993: Famines1992-1993: Famines
Somalia is now without a government.
Refugees in MNRefugees in MNEstimates according to 2000 US Census: Estimates according to 2000 US Census:
US: 22,000US: 22,000MN: 13,000MN: 13,000Minneapolis/St. Paul: 10,800Minneapolis/St. Paul: 10,800Rochester: 1,100Rochester: 1,100
Figures for US, MN, and Minneapolis courtesy of Minnesota Department of Human Rights
Figure for Rochester courtesy of McGill Report
2010 Census projections name Minneapolis/St. Paul as home to the most Somali refugees in the US
Population: 60,000
Rochester Attracting RefugeesRochester Attracting Refugees
Largest refugee surge in Rochester since Hmongs (1970s)Largest refugee surge in Rochester since Hmongs (1970s)
US: Accepts more refugees than any other developed nation
MN: Church charities, social services, stable job market
Rochester: Money Magazine’s “Most Livable Cities”
ValuesValues
Somali values are similar to American valuesSomali values are similar to American values
Independence, democracy, and egalitarianismIndependence, democracy, and egalitarianism
Somalis see humor in situations and laugh at themselvesSomalis see humor in situations and laugh at themselvesKnown for ability to adjust to new situations because Known for ability to adjust to new situations because
they often go abroad for work and studythey often go abroad for work and study
Somalis deeply value familySomalis deeply value family
Loyalty is importantLoyalty is important
Social StructureSocial StructureBelong to clans and sub-clans Belong to clans and sub-clans
No government currently because of the war No government currently because of the war Dictatorship prior to the warDictatorship prior to the war
Mostly polygamous households Mostly polygamous households One fifth of families are monogamousOne fifth of families are monogamous
Marriages are arranged by parentsMarriages are arranged by parents
Gender RolesGender Roles
Women have more freedom than most Muslim womenWomen have more freedom than most Muslim women
Must remain a virgin until marriageMust remain a virgin until marriage
Female circumcision is performed on 98% of girls Female circumcision is performed on 98% of girls between the ages of 8 and 10between the ages of 8 and 10
Education Education
Before the colonial era – Koranic schoolsBefore the colonial era – Koranic schoolsAfter the colonial era – Western-style educationAfter the colonial era – Western-style educationAfter 1970 – education became compulsory After 1970 – education became compulsory
Somali became the mandated language Somali became the mandated language 1980s – less than 10% in secondary schools1980s – less than 10% in secondary schoolsCurrently – secondary education is importantCurrently – secondary education is importantCivil War – destroyed most of Somalia’s Civil War – destroyed most of Somalia’s
educational institutions and many left the countryeducational institutions and many left the country
ReligionReligion
Sunni MuslimsSunni Muslims
Islam is the principal faithIslam is the principal faith
CommunicationCommunication
Official Language: SomaliOfficial Language: Somali
Other common languages: Arabic, English, and Italian Other common languages: Arabic, English, and Italian
Verbal communication is very importantVerbal communication is very importantAccording to the US Department of State, 37.8% of According to the US Department of State, 37.8% of the population is able to read and write. the population is able to read and write.
Religions Affect on CommunicationReligions Affect on CommunicationIslam is the most prevalent religion in SomaliaIslam is the most prevalent religion in Somalia
Muslim teachings and principles merged into all Muslim teachings and principles merged into all areas of lifeareas of life
Assalamu Alaikum, “peace be with you”, is the Assalamu Alaikum, “peace be with you”, is the most common greeting in Somaliamost common greeting in Somalia
Islamic teachings also impact how Somalia’s people Islamic teachings also impact how Somalia’s people communicate with each other. communicate with each other.
Addressing Different PeopleAddressing Different PeopleBetween those of the same genderBetween those of the same gender
HugsHugs HandshakesHandshakesEye contact Eye contact Close proximity Close proximity
Between those of different gendersBetween those of different gendersAvoid eye contact Avoid eye contact
Last names rarely usedLast names rarely usedNicknames often used casually and in businessNicknames often used casually and in businessFirst name or first three names commonly used First name or first three names commonly used
Common Words in SomaliCommon Words in Somali
Hello Hello nabad miiya (na-bat MEE-ya)nabad miiya (na-bat MEE-ya)
Good-byeGood-bye nabad geylyo (na-bat GEL-yo)nabad geylyo (na-bat GEL-yo)
Thank YouThank You mahadsanid (ma-HAD-sa-nit)mahadsanid (ma-HAD-sa-nit)
OneOne kow (KO)kow (KO)
TwoTwo laba (LA-ba)laba (LA-ba)
ThreeThree saddeh (SAD-ech)saddeh (SAD-ech)
Somali CuisineSomali Cuisine
HalaalHalaal
Customs: Customs: men are served firstmen are served first food eaten with fingers (right hand only)food eaten with fingers (right hand only) no cooking or eating on the streetsno cooking or eating on the streets meals are eaten sitting on the floormeals are eaten sitting on the floor Alhamdu Lilaahi, gratitude to Allah (God)Alhamdu Lilaahi, gratitude to Allah (God)
Somali CuisineSomali CuisineMost popular dishes:
Muufo, a flat bread made from ground corn flourCambuuloMutton & goat meatFahfah, stewSambuuse
Drinks: milk tea, coffee, and water
ActivitiesActivities
Book ResourcesBook Resources
““Somalia” Elma SchemenauerSomalia” Elma Schemenauer““Somalia” LeeAnne GelletlySomalia” LeeAnne Gelletly““Somalia” Salome C. NnoromeleSomalia” Salome C. Nnoromele““Cultures of the World: Somalia” Hassif/LatigCultures of the World: Somalia” Hassif/Latig““Culture and Customs of Somalia” Culture and Customs of Somalia”
Mohamed Diriye AbdullahiMohamed Diriye Abdullahi
Web ResourcesWeb Resources
http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761554555/Somalia.htmlhttp://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761554555/Somalia.html
http://www.humanrights.state.mn.us/somali_culture.htmlhttp://www.humanrights.state.mn.us/somali_culture.html
http://www.cscmn.org/http://www.cscmn.org/
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/call/call_93-1_chp5.htmhttp://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/call/call_93-1_chp5.htm
http://www.somaliculture.net/index.htmlhttp://www.somaliculture.net/index.html
http://www.intercultures.ca/cil-cai/intercultural_issues-en.asp?lvl=8&ISO=SO&Subjehttp://www.intercultures.ca/cil-cai/intercultural_issues-en.asp?lvl=8&ISO=SO&Subje
ctID=2ctID=2
http://www.everyculture.com/Sa-Th/Somalia.htmlhttp://www.everyculture.com/Sa-Th/Somalia.html
BibliographyBibliography““Arabji.Com/Somalia.” Arabji.Com/Somalia.” Arabji.comArabji.com. 2000. . 2000. 18 Sept 2008 <http://www.arabji.com/Somalia>.18 Sept 2008 <http://www.arabji.com/Somalia>. ““Every Culture.” Photo. 2008. Every Culture.” Photo. 2008. 21 Sept 2008 <http://www.everyculture.com/images/ctc_04_img0997.jpg>. 21 Sept 2008 <http://www.everyculture.com/images/ctc_04_img0997.jpg>. Gelletly, LeeAnne. Gelletly, LeeAnne. SomaliaSomalia. Broomall, PA: Mason Crest Publishers, 2004. . Broomall, PA: Mason Crest Publishers, 2004. McGill, Doug. “From Hell to Freezing Winters: Refugee Immigration to Rochester, McGill, Doug. “From Hell to Freezing Winters: Refugee Immigration to Rochester,
Minnesota from 1970 to 2004.” 24 Jan 2004. 13 Sept 2008 <http://www.mcgillreport.org/RochesterMinnesota from 1970 to 2004.” 24 Jan 2004. 13 Sept 2008 <http://www.mcgillreport.org/Rochester%20Immigration.htm>.%20Immigration.htm>.
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Somali Voices. DVD. Thoughts and feelings about Somalia by Somali people. OLOL Film Productions.Somali Voices. DVD. Thoughts and feelings about Somalia by Somali people. OLOL Film Productions.““Somalia.” Somalia.” Open-Site: Free Internet EncyclopediaOpen-Site: Free Internet Encyclopedia. 2008. 18 Sept 2008 <http://www.open-site.org>. . 2008. 18 Sept 2008 <http://www.open-site.org>. Somalia. Schemenauer, Elma. The Child’s World, Inc. Minnesota. 2002Somalia. Schemenauer, Elma. The Child’s World, Inc. Minnesota. 2002““Somalia - Communication Styles.” Somalia - Communication Styles.” Centre for Intercultural LearningCentre for Intercultural Learning. 14 June 2006. . 14 June 2006. 28 Sept 2008 28 Sept 2008
<http://www.intercultures.ca/cil-cai/intercultural_issues-en.asp?lvl=8&ISO=SO&SubjectID=2>.<http://www.intercultures.ca/cil-cai/intercultural_issues-en.asp?lvl=8&ISO=SO&SubjectID=2>.“Somalia Facts and Figures.” Photo. “Somalia Facts and Figures.” Photo. 2008. 8 Sept 2008 2008. 8 Sept 2008 <http://encarta.msn.com/fact_631504862/Somalia_Facts_and_Figures.html>.<http://encarta.msn.com/fact_631504862/Somalia_Facts_and_Figures.html>.
““The Country and People of Somalia.” The Country and People of Somalia.” Arab CountriesArab Countries. 17 June 2007. 18 Sept 2008 . 17 June 2007. 18 Sept 2008 <http://www.hejleh.com/countries/somalia.html>.<http://www.hejleh.com/countries/somalia.html>.
Understanding Somalia. Lewis, I.M. Haan Associates. London. 1993Understanding Somalia. Lewis, I.M. Haan Associates. London. 1993United States. Minnesota Department of Human Rights. United States. Minnesota Department of Human Rights. Somali HistorySomali History. 8 Sept 2008 . 8 Sept 2008
<http://www.humanrights.state.mn.us/somali_history_facts.html>.<http://www.humanrights.state.mn.us/somali_history_facts.html>.United States. United States Census. United States. United States Census. 2010 Census Recruitment2010 Census Recruitment. 2008. 13 Sept 2008 . 2008. 13 Sept 2008
<http://www.census.gov/procur/www/2010mediabuys/sow-kansas-city.pdf>.<http://www.census.gov/procur/www/2010mediabuys/sow-kansas-city.pdf>.War Destroys, Peace Nurtures. Ford, Richard; Adam, Hussein; Adan Ismail, Edna. Red Sea Press. New Jersey. 2004War Destroys, Peace Nurtures. Ford, Richard; Adam, Hussein; Adan Ismail, Edna. Red Sea Press. New Jersey. 2004 “ “Working to help refugees, stop starvation in Somalia.” Photo. 2008. 13 Sept 2008 Working to help refugees, stop starvation in Somalia.” Photo. 2008. 13 Sept 2008
<http://www.hiiraan.com/news2/2008/may/working_to_help_refugees_stop_starvation_in_somalia.aspx>.<http://www.hiiraan.com/news2/2008/may/working_to_help_refugees_stop_starvation_in_somalia.aspx>.