Solving the Problem of Cooperation Kinship and Descent.
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Transcript of Solving the Problem of Cooperation Kinship and Descent.
Solving the Problem of Cooperation
Kinship and Descent
Genealogical Space
… everyone related to ego (an individual).
Kindred
…that space that contains all human beings
The Last Judgment Hieronymus Bosch
Out of the vast number of human beings, represented by The Last Judgment by Hieronymus Bosch, only a few do we recognize as our relatives. This Module deals with how we study those systems that determine who our relatives are: Kinship Systems
Genealogical Space is that space that contains all human beings. It’s conventional to fill this space with symbols that represent:
Males
Females
Marriageaffinal
Descentconsanguineal
Generationconsanguineal
Concerning the matter of relatives:
consanguineal -“blood” relatives
affinal - relatives by marriage
term of address - use when talking to someone
term of reference – use when talking about someone
Kinship and Descent
These are Cultural Universals…
relatives
Kinship and Descent
The investigation of kinship terminology begins with a distinction between kin types and kin terms. Kin types refer to the basic uncategorized relationships that anthropologists use to describe the actual contents of kinship categories. They are supposedly culture free, etic components. Kin terms are the labels for categories of kin that include one or more kin types. They are emic structures and vary across cultures.
Kin Types Primary components and letter symbols
Mother [M]
Father [F]
Sister [Z]
Brother [B]
Daughter [D]
Son [S]
Husband [H]
Wife [W]
Typical Kinship Chart
Rules of Descent
Bilateral
UnilinealMatrilineal
Patrilineal
Parallel
Ambilineal
Cognatic “Double Descent”
Bilineal
Eskimo Kinship
Bilineal descent
Similar to “American” system
Matrilineal descentCrow, Trobriand Islanders, Navajo
Patrilineal descentOmaha, Bakhtiari, Nuer, Traditional China
Rules of Residence
Neolocal
Matrilocal
Patrilocal
Ambilocal
Associated with bilineal descent
Associated with bilineal descent
Associated with matrilineal descent
Associated with patrilineal descent
Lineage - descent group w/common ancestor
Fission - splitting of group
Clan - same as lineage w/o known common ancestor (Mendi of New Guinea)
Totemism - relation to common ancestral spirit
Phratry - two or more clans w/common ancestor
Moiety - half of a society divided by descent
Kindred - consanguineal relatives of single individual