Solving Old Problems with New Technology - Monitor and ...
Transcript of Solving Old Problems with New Technology - Monitor and ...
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Solving Old Problems with New Technology - Monitor and
Measure GIC and OPD Currents
Marcelo Zapella, Lucas Oliveira, Rich Hunt , Dylan StewartGE Grid Solutions
Presenter: Mark Adamiak – GE Grid Solutions
2018 Texas A&M Protective Relaying Conference
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Summary
• Introduction to problems: GIC and OPD
• Optical CT principles and IEC 61850-9-2LE devices
• How to monitor and measure GIC
• How to monitor and measure OPD, including field tests
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Introduction:Geomagnetic Induced Currents• Solar storms generate coronal mass ejection, affecting the
Earth’s magnetic filed, causing electrical currents
• Quasi DC currents, in the order of tens to hundreds amps
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Introduction:Geomagnetic Induced Currents• On March 1989, the province of Quebec in Canada
experienced severe geomagnetic storm causing a collapse in the Hydro- Québec power grid
• The protective relays tripped in a cascading sequence of events, leaving more than six million people without power for hours, with significant economic loss
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Introduction:Open Phase Detection• Open Phase Detection (OPD) is a sensitive subject to nuclear
industry worldwide
• An undetected open phase can compromise the availability of plant auxiliary systems
• A reliable and accurate open phase detection system is mandatory
• An open phase detection system (OPD) can be constructed using various elements of a digita l substation
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Introduction:Open Phase Detection• Diagram illustra tes concern with an open phase on one of the
connections to primary windings of a sta tion auxiliary transformer (SAT)
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Primary Voltage
Magnetization Current
Introduction:Transformer Magnetizing Current
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Optical Current Transformer (OCT)Magnetic-Optical Phenomenon• Faraday’s effect: interaction between a magnetic field and the
light – or the rotation of polarized light
• The Faraday’s effect does not depend on the varia tion of the magnetic field over time, thus the sensor is susceptive to DC currents as well as AC
• Rotation is linearly proportional to the current flowing in the conductor
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IEC 61850-9-2LEDFRs and Protective Relays• Analog current and voltage measurements are digita lized in
sampled values (SV)
• Streaming of sampled values (each stream has 4 analog signals)
• Enables differently optimized architectures for distributing their data to other devices
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Geomagnetic Inducted-Currents (GICs)How to Monitor and Measure?• Optical CT electronics receives the raw optical signals from
the sensing rings
• Individual phase/neutral currents > sampled values
• Once a DC level threshold is crossed the DFR registers COMTRADE waveforms (including DC offset and harmonics
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Open Phase Detection (OPD)How to Monitor and Measure?
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Open Phase Detection (OPD)How to Monitor and Measure?• Unloaded power transformer draws
unbalanced high-side magnetization current in each phase of 50 to 1000 mA with significant harmonic content
• A digita l relay is used to a larm condition which corresponds to the open phase, the DFR registers the current waveforms and sequence of events
• A VT triggered digita l comb filter is applied to optical CT digita l data to extract the fundamental and harmonic components to a few mA
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Open Phase Detection (OPD)Field Test Results• Unloaded wye-wye transformer:
Phase A, B and C connected
+90°
-90°
±180° 0°
300.0 kV800.0 mA
V_AI_N
I_C
I_B
I_A
±
8
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Open Phase Detection (OPD)Field Test Results• Unloaded wye-wye transformer:
Phase A and B connected; C open
+90°
-90°
±180° 0°
300.0 kV3.0 A
V_A
I_N
I_C
I_BI_A
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Open Phase Detection (OPD)Field Test Results• Unloaded wye-wye transformer:
Phase A connected; B and C open
+90°
-90°
±180° 0°
300.0 kV1.0 A
V_A
I_N
I_CI_B
I_A
±
1
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Open Phase Detection (OPD)Field Test Fiber Optic CT• Slip-on fiber optic CT over high-side transformer bushing used
to detect open phase condition
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Open Phase Detection (OPD)Field Test Cabinet• Trip indication and relay voting
indication
• IEC 61850-9.2LE relays
• Target reset switch
• IEC 61850-9.2LE digita l fault recorder
• Optical CT merging units
• Power breakers
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Conclusions
• Use of optical CTs allow solutions to industry issues (GIC, OPD)
• Relay logic for different applications
• DFR for monitoring and recording
• GIC scheme is a proposition for monitoring and measuring
• OPD Scheme has been proven to be applicable to:• Various load conditions• Wye-Wye, Delta-Wye, and Wye-Delta transformers
including shell and core form construction
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Thank You
Questions?