Solved Paper 2016 SOLVED PAPER 2016 CSAT · CSAT INSTRUCTIONS SOLVED PAPER 2016. These ca pitalist...

Directions (Q. Nos. 1-8) Read the following eight passages and answer the questions that follows each passage. Your answers to these questions should be based on the passages only.

Passage 1By killing transparency and competition, crony capitalism is harmful to free enterprise, opportunity and economicgrowth. Crony capitalism, where rich and the influential are alleged to have received land and natural resources andvarious licences in return for payoffs to venal politicians, is now a major issue to be tackled. One of the greatest dangersto growth of developing economies like India is the middle-income trap where crony capitalism creates oligarchies thatslow down the growth.

1. Which among the following is the most logical corollary to the above passage?(a) Launching more welfare schemes and allocating more finances for the current schemes are urgently needed

(b) Efforts should be made to push up economic growth by other means and provide licences to the poor

(c) Greater transparency in the functioning of the government and promoting the financial inclusion are needed at present

(d) We should concentrate more on developing manufacturing sector than service sector

î (c) In given pas sage, it has been stated that by re duc ing trans par ency, com pe ti tion and open ness in the sys tem, the cap i tal ist peo ple, who have of ten link with the pol i ti cian have cre ated a sit u a tion where there is lack of op por tu nity for new en ter prise and chances of eco nomicgrowth are also low.

Solved Paper · 2016 17

Civil Services Aptitude Test

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These capitalist have received lands, resources and various licences by wrongful mean by offering bribes to the corrupt politician. Thisdangerous nexus between the capitalist and politician needs to be attacked and stopped. By increasing the transparency, nexus ofcapitalist with politician and their wrongful means of doing business will be exposed and stopped. By promoting financial inclusion,opportunity for growth will be made available to the every individual. Therefore choice (c) will be the most suited answer.

Other ap proach of an swer ing it Option (a) talks of launching a welfare scheme and allocating more finance but, such cases have notbeen discussed anywhere in given passage so it cannot be the answer. Similarly (b) talks of giving licences to poor and other means ofeconomic growth, but the passage talks of checking the nexus between politician and capitalist so that system will be open foreveryone. So, (b) also does not suit as answer. Finally, (d) choice talks of different sectors of economy and this has not been talkedanywhere in the passage so it cannot be the answer.

Passage 2Climate adaptation may be rendered ineffective if policies are not designed in the context of other development concerns. For instance, a comprehensive strategy that seeks to improve food security in the context of climate change may include a set of coordinated measures related to agricultural extension, crop diversification, integrated water and pest managementand agricultural information services. Some of these measures may have to do with climate changes and others witheconomic development.

2. What is the most logical and rational inference that can be made from the above passage?(a) It is difficult to pursue climate adaptation in the developing countries

(b) Improving food security is a far more complex issue than climate adaptation

(c) Every developmental activity is directly or indirectly linked to climate adaptation

(d) Climate adaptation should be examined in tandem with other economic development options

î (d) The given pas sage states that cli mate ad ap ta tion may prove in ef fec tive, if the pol i cies are not de signed keep ing in mind otherde vel op men tal con cerns. Pas sage em phat i cally states this by giv ing an ex am ple where pol i cies are made on food security withref er ence to the cli mate change. These pol i cies may in clude the mea sures which can in crease the ag ri cul tural pro duc tiv ity like cropdi ver si fi ca tion, ag ri cul tural ex ten sion, wa ter and pest man age ment along with ag ri cul tural in for ma tion ser vices. Fi nally, pas sage saysthat these mea sures may be di rectly linked to the cli mate change or might be linked with other eco nomic de vel op ment. So, it can becon cluded that cli mate ad ap ta tion should be fol lowed along with other economic development. Therefore, option (d) will be the bestsuited answer.

Passage 3Understanding of the role of biodiversity in the hydrological cycle enables better policy making. The term biodiversityrefers to the variety of plants, animals, microorganisms and the ecosystems in which they occur. Water and biodiversityare interdependent. In reality, the hydrological cycle decides how biodiversity functions. In turn, vegetation and soil drivethe movement of water. Every glass of water we drink has, at least in part, passed through fish, trees, bacteria, soil andother organisms. Passing through these ecosystems, it is cleansed and made fit for consumption. The supply of water is acritical service that the environment provides.

3. Which among the following is the most critical inference that can be made from the above passage?(a) Biodiversity sustains the ability of nature to recycle water(b) We cannot get potable water without the existence of living organisms(c) Plants, animals and microorganisms continuously interact among themselves(d) Living organisms could not have come into existence without hydrological cycle

î (a) Pas sage talks about biodiversity and ex plains biodiversity as var i ous kinds of plants, an i mals, mi croor gan isms and ecosys tem in whichthey are found. Pas sage fur ther states that wa ter and biodiversity de pend on each other and hy dro log i cal cy cle de cides howbiodiversity will per form its func tion. It is stated in the pas sage that un der stand ing the role of biodiversity in hy dro log i cal cy cle will help inbetter policy making.

Author further says that movement of water is guided by the soils and plants of the region and he emphatically states that every glass ofwater which human consumes passes through biodiversity and ecosystem. Passing through these ecosystems, they are cleaned andmade suitable for consumption. Finally, author concludes by saying, that the most critical service of environment is to supply water. Soafter going through critical evaluation of passage we observe that at each stage passage talks how water and biodiversity is tightlyinterlinked to each other. Therefore, the best option which suits as most critical inference is (a).

Passage 4In the last decade, the banking sector has been restructured with a high degree of automation and products that mainlyserve middle-class and upper middle-class society. Today, there is a need for a new agenda for the banking andnon-banking financial services that does not exclude the common man.

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4. Which one of the following is the message that isessentially implied in the above passage?(a) Need for more automation and more products of

banks

(b) Need for a radical restructuring of our entire publicfinance system

(c) Need to integrate banking and non-bankinginstitutions

(d) Need to promote financial inclusion

î (d) Au thor says that in the pre vi ous de cade bank ing sec tor hasseen high de gree of au to ma tion and launched the prod uctswhich ca ter to the mid dle and up per mid dle class of society.Au thor then fur ther says that in pres ent scenario, there is needfor new agenda in bank ing and non-bank ing fi nan cial ser vices which should cover the com mon man. So in a way au thor says that banks should try to cater for large pop u la tion rather onspe cific class of so ci ety. Therefore, it can be con cluded au thor wants to give mes sage that there is need to in crease fi nan cialin clu sion. So, option (d) suits best as answer.

Passage 5Safe and sustainable sanitation in slums has immeasurable benefits to women and girls in terms of their health, safety,privacy and dignity. However, women do not feature in most of the schemes and policies on urban sanitation. The factthat even now the manual scavenging exists, only goes to show that not enough has been done to promote pour-flushtoilets and discontinue the use of dry latrines. A more sustained and rigorous campaign needs to be launched towards theright to sanitation on a very large scale. This should primarily focus on the abolition of manual scavenging.

5. With reference to the above passage, consider thefollowing statements1. Urban sanitation problems can be fully solved by

the abolition of manual scavenging only.2. There is a need to promote greater awareness on

safe sanitation practices in urban areas.Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

î (b) In this pas sage, au thor talks about ben e fits of safe andsus tain able san i ta tion in slums for the females. But au thoralso says that women usu ally do not fea ture in most schemesand pol i cies of san i ta tion. It has been fur ther stated inpas sage that man ual scav eng ing still ex ist and it is proof thatmuch has not been done to pro mote pour-flush toi lets. Inor der to im prove the san i ta tion, it is im por tant that sus tainedand mass scale cam paign should be done with pri mary fo cuson ab o li tion of man ual scav eng ing. So, in pas sage there ismen tion about need of in creased aware ness and cam paignfor safe san i ta tion so the option (b) will qualify as answer.

Passage 6To understand the nature and quantity of government proper for man, it is necessary to attend to his character. As nature created him for social life, she fitted him for the station she intended. In all cases, she made his natural wants greater than his individual powers. No one man is capable, without the aid of society, of supplying his own wants; and those wants,acting upon every individual impel the whole of them into society.

6. Which among the following is the most logical andrational inference that can be made from the abovepassage?(a) Nature has created a great diversity in human

society

(b) Any given human society is always short of its wants

(c) Social life is a specific characteristic of man

(d) Diverse natural wants forced man towards socialsystem

î (d) In the pas sage, au thor ini tially says that only af ter know ingcharacter of man, na ture and quan tity of gov ern mentop ti mum for him can be un der stood. Na ture has cre ated manfor so cial life and it has also made nat u ral wants of mangreater than his in di vid ual pow ers. So in or der to achieve theirwants ev ery one has to take help of so ci ety. Au thor fi nally saysthat these wants of ev ery in di vid ual are the rea son that manforms so ci ety. So, af ter read ing through the pas sage it can besaid that the choice (d) pro vide the most logical and rationalinference.

Passage 7The nature of the legal imperatives in any given state corresponds to the effective demands that state encounters and thatthese, in their turn, depend, in a general way, upon the manner in which economic power is distributed in the societywhich the state controls.

7. The statement refers to(a) the antithesis of politics and economics

(b) the interrelationship of politics and economics(c) the predominance of economics over politics

(d) the predominance of politics over economics

î (b) The passage clearly states that the legal imperatives of statecorresponds to the demands that state encounters. This inturn depend on the distribution of economic power in the society.Hence, it states the interrelationship of politics andeconomics.

Passage 8About 15 per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions come from agricultural practices. This includes nitrous oxide fromfertilisers; methane from livestock, rice production and manure storage; and carbon dioxide (CO2 ) from burning biomass, but this excludes CO 2 emissions from soil management practices, savannah burning and deforestation. Forestry, land useand land-use change account for another 17 per cent of greenhouse gas emissions each year, three quarters of which come from tropical deforestation. The remainder is largely from draining and burning tropical peatland. About the sameamount of carbon is stored in the world’s peatlands as is stored in the Amazon rainforest.

8. Which among the following is the most logical andrational inference that can be made from the abovepassage?(a) Organic farming should immediately replace

mechanised and chemical dependant agriculturalpractices all over the world

(b) It is imperative for us to modify our land use practices in order to mitigate climate change

(c) There are no technological solutions to the problemof greenhouse gas emissions

(d) Tropical areas are the chief sites of carbonsequestration

î (d) In this pas sage, au thor states dif fer ent pos si ble ways bywhich greenhouses gas emis sion takes place and theirper cent age in re spect of the to tal emis sion. Au thor says15 per cent of gas ses are re leased from ag ri cul turalprac tice, an other 17 per cent from the land use, for estry andlarge por tion of emis sion within for estry is from de for es ta tionof trop i cal for est. Fi nally, the re main ing amount of emis siontook from drain ing and burn ing of trop i cal peatland. Au thorin the con clud ing line states that ap prox i mately sameamount of car bon is stored in Am a zon rain forest as inworld’s peatland. There fore, from the above pas sage it canbe con cluded that trop i cal ar eas are chief site of car bonemis sion and it means that large amount of car bon is stored in these areas. So, option (d) will be the answer.

9. A person climbs a hill in a straight path from point ‘O ’on the ground in the direction of North-East andreaches a point ‘A’ after travelling a distance of 5 km.Then, from the point ‘A’, he moves to point ‘B ’ in thedirection of North-West. Let the distance AB be 12 km. Now, how far is the person away from the startingpoint ‘ ’O ?(a) 7 km (b) 13 km(c) 17 km (d) 11 km

î (b) Required distance, OB = +5 122 2

= +25 144

= 169

= 13 km

10. An agricultural field is in the form of a rectanglehaving length X1 m and breadth X 2 m (X1 and X 2 arevariables). If X X1 2 40+ = m, then the area of theagricultural field will not exceed which one of thefollowing values?(a) 400 sq m (b) 300 sq m(c) 200 sq m (d) 80 sq m

î (a) Given, length = x1 m

Breadth = x2 m

and x x1 2 40+ = m

We know that, area of agricultural field = ´X X1 2

If x1 20= m, then x2 = 20 m

\ Area of agricultural field cannot exceed 400 sq m.

11. The sum of the ages of 5 members comprising a family,3 yr ago was 80 yr. The average age of the family todayis the same as it was 3 yr ago, because of an additionof a baby during the intervening period. How old is the baby?(a) 6 months (b) 1 yr(c) 2 yr (d) 2 yr and 6 months

î (b) Sum of ages of 5 members, 3 yr ago = 80 yr

Average age of 5 members, 3 yr ago = =80

516 yr

\ Present average age (including baby) = 16 yr

Now, sum of ages of 6 members = ´16 6 yr

= 96 yr

\ Age of baby = - +96 80 15( )

= - =96 95 1 yr

12. The total emoluments of two persons are the same, but one gets allowances to the extent of 65% of his basicpay and the other gets allowances to the extent of80% of his basic pay. The ratio of the basic pay of theformer to the basic pay of the latter is(a) 16 : 13 (b) 5 : 4(c) 7 : 5 (d) 12 : 11

î (d) Let the ba sic pay of first per son be x and the basic pay ofsecond person be y.

According to the question,

165% of x = 180% of y

Þ 165 180x y=

Þ x

y=

180

165

Þ x y: := 12 11

13. A person is standing on the first step from the bottomof a ladder. If he has to climb 4 more steps to reachexactly the middle step, how many steps does theladder have?(a) 8 (b) 9(c) 10 (d) 11

î (b) Re quired num ber of steps = + + =1 4 4 9


A

B

O

12 km

13 km

5 km

Directions (Q. Nos. 14-16) Consider the given information and answer the questions that follow.

When three friends A, B and C met, it was found that each of them wore an outer garment of a different colour. In random order, the garments are jacket, sweater and tie; and the colours are blue, white and black. Theirsurnames in random order are Ribeiro, Kumar and Singh. Further, we know that

1. neither B nor Ribeiro wore a white sweater.2. C wore a tie.3. Singh’s garment was not white.4. Kumar does not wear a jacket.5. Ribeiro does not like to wear the black colour.6. Each of the friends wore only one outer

garment of only one colour.

14. What is C’s surname?(a) Ribeiro (b) Kumar(c) Singh (d) Cannot be determined

15. What is the colour of the tie?(a) Black (b) Blue(c) White (d) Cannot be determined

16. Who wore the sweater?(a) A (b) B(c) C (d) Cannot be determined

î Solutions (Q. Nos. 14-16) According to the given information, thecorrect order is

Friend Garment SurnameA White sweater Kumar

B Black jacket Singh

C Blue tie Ribeiro

14. (a) C’s surname is Ribeiro.

15. (b) Tie is bule in the colour.

16. (a) A wore the sweater.

17. AB is a vertical trunk of a huge tree with A being thepoint, where the base of the trunk touches the ground. Due to a cyclone, the trunk has been broken at C whichis at a height of 12 m, broken part is partially attachedto the vertical portion of the trunk at C. If the end ofthe broken part B touches the ground at D which is at adistance of 5 m from A, then the original height of thetrunk is(a) 20 m (b) 25 m (c) 30 m (d) 35 m

î (b) Given, AC = 12 m and AB = 5 m

\ BC AC AB= +2 2

= +12 52 2

= +144 25

= =169 13 m

\ Original height of trunk = +AC BC

= +12 13

= 25 m

18. A person walks 12 km due North, then 15 km due East,after that 19 km due West and then 15 km due South.How far is he from the starting point?(a) 5 km (b) 9 km(c) 37 km (d) 61 km

î (a) The direction diagram of the person is as follows

Here, AF = 4 km and FE = 3 km

\ AE = + = +( ) ( )AF FE2 2 2 24 3 = + =16 9 5 km

19. A cube has all its faces painted with different colours.It is cut into smaller cubes of equal sizes such that theside of the small cube is one-fourth the big cube. Thenumber of small cubes with only one of the sidespainted, is(a) 32 (b) 24 (c) 16 (d) 8

î (b) If a cube is di vided into 1

n

æèç

öø÷ th of its orig i nal side af ter get

painted all the sides.

Then, cubes with 1 side painted = -6 2 2( )n

Here, n = 4

\ Required number of cubes = -6 4 2 2( )

= ´6 4 = 24

20. Ram and Shyam work on a job together for four daysand complete 60% of it. Ram takes leave then andShyam works for eight more days to complete the job.How long would Ram take to complete the entire jobalone?(a) 6 days (b) 8 days(c) 10 days (d) 11 days

î (c) Let time taken by Ram to com plete the work be a and timetaken by Shyam to complete the work be b.


4 1 1 60

100

3

5a b+æ

èç

öø÷ = =

\ Remaining work = - =13

5

2

5

Þ 8 2

5b=

\ b = 20

and 41 1

20

3

5a+æ

èç

öø÷ =

Þ 1 1

20

3

20a+ =

Þ 1 1

10a=

Þ a = 10

Hence, Ram will take 10 days to complete the work.


D A

12 m

5 m

B

C

A (Starting point)

12 km

15 kmCD

F

E

4 km

3 km

12 km

(End point)

B

15

km

N

E

S

W

21. A military code writes SYSTEM as SYSMET and NEARERas AENRER. Using the same code, FRACTION can bewritten as(a) CARFTION (b) FRACNOIT(c) NOITCARF (d) CARFNOIT

î (d) As,

and

Similarly,

22. If R and S are different integers both divisible by 5, then which of the following is not necessarily true?(a) R - S is divisible by 5(b) R + S is divisible by 10(c) R ́S is divisible by 25(d) R S2 2 + is divisible by 5

î (b) If R = 10 and S = 5, then

R S+ = + =10 5 15, which is not divisible by 10.

23. How many numbers are there between 100 and 300which either begin with or end with 2?(a) 110 (b) 111(c) 112 (d) None of these

î (a) There are 10 num bers which ei ther be gin with or end with 2,

i.e. 102, 112, 122, 132, 142, 152, 162, 172, 182, 192.

Numbers from 200 299 100to =

\ Total numbers = + =100 10 110

Directions (Q.Nos. 24-31) Read the following five passages and answer the questions that follows each passage. Your answers to these questions should be based on the passages only.

Passage 1As we look to 2050, when we will need to feed two billion more people, the question of which diet is best has taken onnew urgency. The foods we choose to eat in the coming decades will have dramatic ramifications for the planet. Simplyput, a diet that revolves around meat and dairy, a way of eating that is on the rise throughout the developing world, willtake a greater toll on the world's resources than one that revolves around unrefined grains, nuts, fruits and vegetables.

24. What is the critical message conveyed by the abovepassage?(a) Our increasing demand for foods sourced from

animals puts a greater burden on our naturalresources

(b) Diets based on grains nuts, fruits and vegetables arebest suited for health in developing countries

(c) Human beings change their food habits from time totime irrespective of the health concerns

(d) From a global perspective, we still do not knowwhich type of diet is best for us

î (a) Pas sage talks about the food hab its. It says that it isap prox i mated that by 2050 there will be 2 bil lion more peo pleon the earth and feed ing them will be a chal lenge. So,ques tion re gard ing best diet has arisen. Pas sage fur thergoes on to say that food we eat will have its con se quence on

the earth. Au thor em phat i cally states that diet based on meatand di ary is in creas ing throughout de vel op ing world. This diet based on meat and di ary will have greater ef fect on the worldre sources in com par i son to the diet based on the grains,nuts, fruits and veg e ta bles. So, af ter go ing through pas sage it can be con cluded that crit i cal mes sage con veyed bypassage is found in option (a).

Passage 2All humans digest mother’s milk as infants, but until cattle began being domesticated 10000 years ago, children onceweaned no longer needed to digest milk. As a result, they stopped making the enzyme lactase, which breaks down thesugar lactose into simple sugars. After humans began herding cattle, it became tremendously advantageous to digest milkand lactose tolerance evolved independently among cattle herders in Europe, the middle East and Africa. Groups notdependent on cattle, such as the Chinese and Thai, remains lactose intolerant.

25. Which among the fol low ing is the most log i calas sump tion that can be made from the abovepas sage?(a) About 10000 years ago, the domestication of animals

took place in some parts of the world

(b) A permanent change in the food habits of a community can bring about a genetic change in its members

(c) Lactose tolerant people only are capable of gettingsimple sugars in their bodies


S Y S T E M

S Y S M E T

NEARER

AENRER

FRACTION

CARFNOIT

(d) Peo ple who are not lac tose tol er ant can not di gest any dairy prod uct

î (b) In the pas sage, author says that 10000 years ago when cattles were not do mes ti cated chil dren once weaned they didn’t needed todi gest the milk in later life. So, en zyme lactase which breaks lac tose into sim ple sugar was ab sent in later life. But when cat tle rear ingde vel oped, milk was con sumed as food then lac tose tol er ance evolved in de pend ently among cat tle herders in Eu rope, Af rica andmid dle East. How ever, pop u la tion not de pend ent on milk as China and Thai re mained lac tose in tol er ant. So, one can eas ily ob serve thatchanging food habit has af fected the func tion of en zyme so it can be said that choice (b) will suit as the most logical assumption.

Passage 3The conceptual difficulties in National Income comparisons between underdeveloped and industrialised countries areparticularly serious because a part of the national output in various underdeveloped countries is produced without passing through the commercial channels.

26. In the above state ment, the au thor im plies that (a) the entire national output produced and consumed in industrialised countries passes through commercial channels

(b) the existence of a non-commercialised sector in different underdeveloped countries renders the National Incomecomparisons over countries difficult

(c) no part of national output should be produced and consumed without passing through commercial channels

(d) a part of the na tional out put be ing pro duced and con sumed with out pass ing through com mer cial chan nels is a sign ofun der de vel op ment

î (b) In this pas sage, au thor states dif fi cul ties faced while com par ing na tional in come of un derde vel oped and in dus tri al ised coun tries.Au thor says con cep tual dif fi cul ties are par tic u larly se ri ous as na tional out put in un derde vel oped coun try is un derre ported as they passthrough with out proper com mer cial chan nel. So, in this case au thor says that dif fer ence in ac tual out put be tween coun tries will be due to underreporting from un derde vel oped coun try only. So, here it im plies that in de vel oped coun try na tional out put passes throughcom mer cial chan nels while in underdeveloped there may be non-commercialised sector.

Passage 4An increase in human-made carbon dioxide in the atmosphere could initiate a chain reaction between plants andmicroorganisms that would unsettle one of the largest carbon reservoirs on the planet-soil. In a study, it was found thatthe soil, which contains twice the amount of carbon present in all plants and Earth’s atmosphere combined, could become increasingly volatile as people add more carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. This is largely because of increased plantgrowth. Although, a greenhouse gas and a pollutant, carbon dioxide also supports plant growth. As trees and othervegetation flourish in a carbon dioxide-rich future, their roots could stimulate microbial activity in soil that may in turnaccelerate the decomposition of soil carbon and its release into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide.

27. Which among the fol low ing is the most log i cal cor ol lary to the above pas sage?(a) Carbon dioxide is essential for the survival of microorganisms and plants

(b) Humans are solely responsible for the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere

(c) Microorganisms and soil carbon are mainly responsible for the increased plant growth

(d) In creas ing green cover could trig ger the re lease of car bon trapped in soil

î (d) In the pas sage, au thor says about the ef fect of in creased car bon di ox ide. In crease in con cen tra tion of car bon di ox ide will start chainre ac tion be tween plants and mi croor gan isms which will fi nally destabilised the car bon trapped in the soil. Soil con tains more thandou ble amount of car bon pres ent in plants and at mo sphere com bined. When more car bon di ox ide is pres ent in at mo sphere, then therewill be more plant growth and these plants will sup port mi croor gan isms in soil. Fi nally, these mi croor gan isms cause car bon to con vertinto car bon dioxide and this CO2

will re lease into at mo sphere from the soil. So, con clu sion can be made from pas sage that thein creas ing plant cover can also cause the release of carbon from soil.

Passage 5Historically, the biggest challenge to world agriculture has been to achieve a balance between demand for and supply offood. At the level of individual countries, the demand-supply balance can be a critical policy issue for a closed economy,especially if it is a populous economy and its domestic agriculture is not growing sufficiently enough to ensure foodsupplies, on an enduring basis, it is not so much and not always, of a constraint for an open and growing economy,which has adequate exchange surpluses to buy food abroad. For the world as a whole, supply-demand balance is always an inescapable prerequisite for warding off hunger and starvation. However, global availability of adequate supply does not


necessarily mean that food would automatically move from countries of surplus to countries of deficit if the latter lack inpurchasing power.

The uneven distribution of hunger, starvation, under or malnourishment, etc at the world-level, thus owes itself to thepresence of empty-pocket hungry mouths, overwhelmingly confined to the underdeveloped economies. In as much as ‘atwo-square meal’ is of elemental significance to basic human existence, the issue of worldwide supply of food has beengaining significance, in recent times, both because the quantum and the composition of demand has been undergoing big changes, and because, in recent years, the capabilities of individual countries to generate uninterrupted chain of foodsupplies have come under strain. Food production, marketing and prices, especially price-affordability by the poor in thedeveloping world, have become global issues that need global thinking and global solutions.

28. Ac cord ing to the above pas sage, which of thefol low ing are the fun da men tal so lu tions for the worldfood se cu rity prob lem?1. Setting up more agro-based industries.2. Improving the price affordability by the poor.3. Regulating the conditions of marketing.4. Providing food subsidy to one and all.

Select the correct answer using the codes given below(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3

(c) 1, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

î (b) Au thor in the pas sage states that is sue of food pro duc tion,mar ket ing and prices, es pe cially price affordability of thepoor in de vel op ing world has gained prom i nence and itneeds global think ing and so lu tion. The above statedprob lem can be solved by im prov ing price affordability ofpoor and by reg u lat ing the con di tions for mar ket ing. So, theop tion (b) will be the best choice as answer.

29. Ac cord ing to the above pas sage, the big gest chal lengeto world ag ri cul ture is(a) to find sufficient land for agriculture and to expand

food processing industries

(b) to eradicate hunger in underdeveloped countries

(c) to achieve a balance between the production of foodand non-food items

(d) to achieve a bal ance be tween de mand for and sup plyof food

î (d) In the pas sage, au thor in the very first line has men tioned the prob lem of sup ply and de mand mismatch. This prob lem isrightly pres ent in op tion (d), so this will be the right choice as an swer.

30. Ac cord ing to the above pas sage, which of thefol low ing helps/help in re duc ing hun ger andstar va tion in the de vel op ing econ o mies?1. Balancing demand and supply of food.2. Increasing imports of food.3. Increasing purchasing power of the poor.4. Changing the food consumption patterns and

practices.Select the correct answer using the codes given below(a) Only 1 (b) 2, 3 and 4(c) 1 and 3 (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

î (c) In the pas sage, au thor has stated that sup ply-de mandbal ance is al ways an in es cap able prerequisite for ward ing

of hun ger and star va tion. And in the fi nal para graph, au thorhas said price affordability by poor in the de vel op ing worldis con cern. So by in creas ing pur chas ing power of poor, their affordability will in crease. So, these steps will help inre duc ing hun ger and star va tion in the developingeconomies.

31. The is sue of world wide sup ply of food has gainedim por tance mainly be cause of1. overgrowth of the population worldwide.2. sharp decline in the area of food production.3. limitation in the capabilities for sustained supply

of food.Select the correct answer using the codes given below(a) 1 and 2 (b) Only 3 (c) 2 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3

î (b) Au thor has men tioned in the pas sage that in re cent timeis sue of world wide food supplies is gaining im por tancebe cause both quan tum and com po si tion of de mand hasun der gone a big change and also the ca pa bil ity ofin di vid ual coun try to gen er ate un in ter rupted food sup plieshave come un der strain. So, the choice (b) which men tionstate ment as limitation in ca pa bil i ties for sus tained sup ply of food will suit as best choice for answer.

32. Four-digit num bers are to be formed us ing the dig its 1, 2, 3 and 4, and none of these four dig its are re peatedin any man ner. Fur ther,1. 2 and 3 are not to immediately follow each other.2. 1 is not to be immediately followed by 3.3. 4 is not to appear at the last place.4. 1 is not to ap pear at the first place.

How many different numbers can be formed?(a) 6 (b) 8 (c) 9 (d) None of these

î (a) According to the given in for ma tion, 6 dif fer ent num bers can

be formed, i.e. 2431, 2143, 3412, 3142, 3421, 4312.

33. A cy lin dri cal over head tank of ra dius 2 m and height 7m is to be filled from an un der ground tank of size 5.5 m m m´ ´4 6 . How much por tion of theun der ground tank is still filled with wa ter af ter fill ingthe over head tank com pletely?(a) 1/3 (b) 1/2 (c) 1/4 (d) 1/6

î (a) Given, radius of overhead tank = 2 m

and height of overhead tank = 7 m

\ Volume of overhead tank = p r h2

= ´ ´ ´22

72 2 7 = 88 cu m


and volume of underground tank = ´ ´ = 5.5 4 6 132 cu m

\ Water left in the underground tank = volume of overheadtank - volume of underground tank = -132 88 = 44 cu m

Hence, 44

132 i.e.

1

3 portion is still filled with water.

34. In a class of 60 stu dents, where the num ber of girls istwice that of boys, Kamal, a boy, ranked sev en teenthfrom the top. If there are 9 girls ahead of Kamal, thenum ber of boys in rank af ter him is (a) 13 (b) 12(c) 7 (d) 3

î (b) Given, total number of students = 60

Q Num ber of girls = 2 ´ Num ber of boys

\ Number of girls = 40

And number of boys = 20

\ There are 12 boys after Kamal.

35. A and B walk around a cir cu lar park. They startit 8 00: am from the same point in the op po sitedi rec tions. A and B walk at a speed of 2 rounds per hour and 3 rounds per hour re spec tively. How many timesshall they cross each other af ter 8 00: am and be fore9:30 am?(a) 7 (b) 6 (c) 5 (d) 8

î (a) Q Speed of A = 2 rounds per hour

and speed of B = 3 rounds per hour

\ Relative speed = + =( )2 3 5 rounds per hour

So, they cross each other 5 times in an hour and 2 times inhalf an hour. Hence, they cross each other 7 times before 9 30: am

36. W can do 25% of a work in 30 days, X can do 1/4 of thework in 10 days, Y can do 40% of the work in 40 daysand Z can do 1/3 of the work in 13 days. Who willcom plete the work first?(a) W (b) X(c) Y (d) Z

î (d) Time taken by W = ´ =30 4 120 days

Time taken by X = ´ =10 4 40 days

Time taken by Y = ´ =405

2100 days

Time taken by Z = ´ =13 3 39 days

Hence, Z will complete the work first.

37. The av er age monthly in come of a per son in a cer tainfam ily of 5 is ` 10000. What will be the av er agemonthly in come of a per son in the same fam ily, if thein come of one per son in creased by ̀ 120000 per year?(a) ` 12000 (b) ` 16000(c) ` 20000 (d) ` 34000

î (a) Average monthly income of 5 members = `10000

\ Total monthly income of 5 members = ´`10000 5

= `50000

Increment of one person = ` 120000 per year

= 10000 per month

\ Required average = + ¸`( )50000 10000 5

= =` `60000

512000

38. In a race, a com pet i tor has to col lect 6 ap ples whichare kept in a straight line on a track and a bucket isplaced at the be gin ning of the track which is a start ing point. The con di tion is that the com pet i tor can pickonly one ap ple at a time, run back with it and drop it in the bucket. If he has to drop all the ap ples in thebucket, how much to tal dis tance he has to run, if thebucket is 5 m from the first ap ple and all other ap plesare placed 3 m apart?(a) 40 m (b) 50 m(c) 75 m (d) 150 m

î (d)

\ Total distance = + + + + +10 16 22 28 34 40

= 150 m

39. A round ar chery tar get of di am e ter 1 m is marked withfour scor ing re gions from the cen tre out wards as red,blue, yel low and white. The ra dius of the red band is0.20 m. The width of all the re main ing bands is equal.If ar chers throw ar rows to wards the tar get, what is theprob a bil ity that the ar rows fall in the red re gion of thear chery tar get?(a) 0.40 (b) 0.20 (c) 0.16 (d) 0.04

î (c) Given, radius of target = =100

250 cm

and radius of red band = 20 cm

Now, area of target = p r2 = =p p( )50 25002

And area of red band = p ( )20 2 = 400p

\ Required probability =400

2500

p

p = =

4

25016.

40. A per son al lows a 10% dis count for cash pay ment fromthe marked price of a toy and still he makes a 10%gain. What is the cost price of the toy which is marked` 770?(a) ` 610 (b) ` 620 (c) ` 630 (d) ` 640

î (c) Given, discount = 10%

Gain = 10%

and MP = ` 770

We know that,

CP MPiscount%

Gain%=

-

+

æ

èç

ö

ø÷

100

100

D

=-

+

æ

èç

ö

ø÷770

100 10

100 10

= ´77090

110


16 students 43 students17th

9 girls 31 girls

7 boys Kamal 12 boys3 m 3 m 3 m 3 m 3 m 5 m

Bucket

= ` 630

Di rec tions (Q. Nos. 41-46) Read the following two passages and answer the questions that follows eachpassage. Your answers to these questions should be based on the passages only.

Passage 1Ac count abil ity, or the lack of it, in gov er nance gen er ally, and civil ser vices, in par tic u lar, is a ma jor fac tor un der ly ing thede fi cien cies in gov er nance and pub lic ad min is tra tion. De sign ing an ef fec tive frame work for ac count abil ity has been a keyel e ment of the re form agenda. A fun da men tal is sue is whether civil ser vices should be ac count able to the po lit i calex ec u tive of the day or to so ci ety at large. In other words, how should in ter nal and ex ter nal ac count abil ity be rec on ciled?In ter nal ac count abil ity is sought to be achieved by in ter nal per for mance mon i tor ing of fi cial su per vi sion by bod ies like the Cen tral Vig i lance Com mis sion and Comp trol ler and Au di tor Gen eral and ju di cial re view of ex ec u tive de ci sions. Ar ti cles311 and 312 of the In dian Con sti tu tion pro vide job se cu rity and safe guards to the civil ser vices, es pe cially the All In diaSer vices. The framers of the Con sti tu tion had en vis aged that pro vi sion of these safe guards would re sult in a civil ser vicethat is not to tally sub ser vi ent to the po lit i cal ex ec u tive, but will have the strength to func tion in larger pub lic in ter est.The need to bal ance in ter nal and ex ter nal ac count abil ity is thus built into the Con sti tu tion. The is sue is where to drawthe line. Over the years, the em pha sis seems to have tilted in fa vour of greater in ter nal ac count abil ity of the civil ser vicesto the po lit i cal lead ers of the day who in turn and ex pected to be ex ter nally ac count able to the so ci ety at large throughthe elec tion pro cess. This sys tem for seek ing ac count abil ity to so ci ety has not worked out, and has led to sev eral ad versecon se quences or gov er nance.

Some special measures can be considered for improving accountability in civil services. Provisions of Articles 311 and 312 should be reviewed and laws and regulations framed to ensure external accountability of civil services. The proposed Civil Services Bill seeks to address some of these requirements. The respective roles of professional civil services and the political executive should be defined so that professional managerial functions and management of civil services are depoliticised.For this purpose, effective statutory civil service boards should be created at the centre and in the states. Decentralisationand devolution of authority to bring government and decision making closer to the people also helps to enhanceaccountability.

41. Ac cord ing to the pas sage, which of the fol low ingfac tor/fac tors led to the ad verse con se quences forgov er nance/pub lic ad min is tra tion?1. Inability of civil services to strike a balance

between internal and external accountabilities.2. Lack of suf fi cient pro fes sional train ing to the

of fi cers of All In dia Ser vices.3. Lack of proper service benefits in civil services.4. Lack of constitutional provisions to define the

respective roles of professional civil servicesvis-a-vis political executive in this context.

Select the correct answer using the codes given below(a) Only 1 (b) 2 and 3(c) 1 and 4 (d) 2, 3 and 4

î (a) In the pas sage, it has been given by the au thor that needto bal ance in ter nal and ex ter nal ac count abil ity is built intothe Constitution. Au thor has also men tioned that over theyear em pha sis has been shifted in fa vour of greaterin ter nal ac count abil ity of civil ser vices to the po lit i calleaders and ex ter nal ac count abil ity has been left topo lit i cal lead ers. So, bal ance be tween ex ter nalac count abil ity and in ter nal ac count abil ity has beendis turbed. So, op tion (a) which con tains the state ment‘‘in abil ity of civil ser vices to strike a bal ance betweeninternal and external accountability will be the bestanswer.

42. With ref er ence to the pas sage, the fol low ingas sump tions have been made1. Political executive is an obstacle to the

accountability of the civil services to the society.2. In the present framework of Indian polity, the

political executive is no longer accountable to thesociety.

Which of these assumption(s) is/are valid?(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

î (d) Au thor has men tioned that new bill is be ing pro posed where,re spec tive role of pro fes sional civil ser vices and po lit i calex ec u tive should be de fined so that civil ser vices candepoliticised. But political executive is not an obstacle to theaccountability of the civil services. It will be not correct to saythat political executive is no longer accountable to the society.

43. Which one of the fol low ing is the es sen tial mes sageim plied by this pas sage?(a) Civil services are not accountable to the society they are

serving

(b) Educated and enlightened persons are not taking uppolitical leadership

(c) The framers of the Constitution did not envisage theproblems being encountered by the civil services

(d) There is a need and scope for reforms to improve theaccountability of civil services


î (d) Au thor has clearly men tioned in the pas sage that

bal ance of in ter nal and ex ter nal ac count abil ity has beenslightly dis turbed and this has brought ad versecon se quence for gov er nance.

Author has also mentioned that measures are beingconsidered to improve accountability in civil services.Defining of role of civil services and political leaders arealso being done so that civil services can bedepoliticised.

Earlier in the passage, it has been stated accountabilitybalance of civil services were disturbed due to moretilting towards politician. So, choice (d) will be the bestanswer for this question.

44. Ac cord ing to the pas sage, which one of the fol low ing isnot a means of en hanc ing in ter nal ac count abil ity of civilser vices?(a) Better job security and safeguards(b) Supervision by Central Vigilance Commission(c) Judicial review of executive decisions(d) Seeking accountability through enhanced participation

by people in decision-making process

î (d) In the passage, it has been said by author that enabling publicparticipation in decision-making process will build theaccountability. This accountability will be towards the society.So, option (d) suits best as not a means to increase internalaccountability.

Passage 2In general, religious traditions stress our duty to God, or to some universal ethical principle. Our duties to one anotherderive from these. The religious concept of rights is primarily derived from our relationship to this divinity or principleand the implication it has on our other relationships. This correspondence between rights and duties is critical to anyfurther understanding of justice. But, for justice to be practiced; virtue, rights and duties cannot remain formalabstractions. They must be grounded in a community (common unity) bound together by a sense of common union(communion). Even as a personal virtue, this solidarity is essential to the practice and understanding of justice.

45. With ref er ence to the pas sage, the fol low ingas sump tions have been made1. Human relationships are derived from their

religious traditions.2. Human beings can be duty bound only if they

believe in God.3. Religious traditions are essential to practice and

understand justice.Which of these assumption(s) is/are valid?(a) Only 1 (b) 2 and 3 (c) 1 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3

î (a) In the pas sage, it has been men tioned by the au thor thatreligious tra di tions stress our duty to God or to someethical prin ci ple and from these tra di tions our du ties toone an other are de rived. Sim i larly, con cept of right ispri marily de rived from re la tion ship with di vin ity or withprin ci ple and these have im pli ca tion on our re la tion shipso it can be said hu man re la tion are de rived from religious tradition.

46. Which one of the fol low ing is the crux of thispas sage?(a) Our duties to one another derive from our religious

traditions

(b) Having relationship to the divine principle is a great virtue

(c) Balance between rights and duties is crucial to thedelivery of justice in a society

(d) Religious concept of rights is primarily derived from our relationship to God

î (c) In the pas sage, au thor has men tioned about the rightsand duties and it also been stated that re la tion shipbe tween rights and du ties is crit i cal for un der stand ing ofjus tice. So for jus tice to be de liv ered bal ance be tween the two must be maintained.

47. A ate grapes and pine ap ple; B ate grapes and oranges; Cate or anges, pine ap ple and ap ple; D ate grapes, ap pleand pine ap ple. Af ter tak ing fruits, B and C fell sick.In the light of the above facts, it can be said that thecause of sick ness was(a) apple (b) pineapple (c) grapes (d) oranges

î (d) A ¾® Grapes, pineapple

B ¾® Grapes, oranges

C ¾® Oranges, Pineapple, apple

D ¾® Grapes, apple, pineapple

Since, B and C fell sick, so the cause of sickness is orangeswhich is eaten by both of them.

48. Con sider the fol low ing state ments1. The rate of population growth is increasing in the

country.2. The death rate is declining faster in the country

compared to birth rate.3. The birth rate is declining faster in the country

compared to death rate.4. Rural-urban migration is taking place regularly in the

country.Which one of the following conclusions may be true in thelight of the given facts?(a) The rate of population growth is increasing due to

rural-urban migration(b) The rate of population growth is increasing due to

decline in death rate only(c) The rate of population growth is increasing due to

increase in birth rate only(d) The rate of population growth is increasing due to faster

decline in death rate than in birth rate

î (d) Only option (d) is correct in the light of given facts.


49. A per son X was driv ing in a place where all roads ranei ther North-South or East-West, form ing a grid. Roadsare at a dis tance of 1 km from each other in a par al lel.He started at the in ter sec tion of two roads, drove 3 kmNorth, 3 km West and 4 km South. Which fur ther routecould bring him back to his start ing point, if the sameroute is not re peated? (a) 3 km East, then 2 km South(b) 3 km East, then 1 km North(c) 1 km North, then 2 km West(d) 3 km South, then 1 km North

î (b)

So, if X drives 3 km East and 1 km North, then he will reachthe starting point.

50. Con sider the fol low ing state ment

“We shall go either for a picnic or for trekking.”

Which of the following, if true, would falsify this claim?(a) We go for a picnic but not for trekking (b) Activities such as picnic and trekking are encouraged

by the health authorities(c) We go for trekking and not for picnic (d) We do not go either for picnic or for trekking

î (d) We do not go either for picnic or for trekking.

51. There were 50 fac ulty mem bers com pris ing 30 malesand the rest fe males. No male fac ulty mem ber knewmu sic, but many of the fe male fac ulty mem bers did. The head of the in sti tu tion in vited six fac ulty mem bers to atea party by draw of lots. At the party, it was dis cov ered that no mem ber knew mu sic. The con clu sion is that(a) the party comprised male faculty members only

(b) the party comprised only those female faculty members who could not give rendering in music

(c) the party comprised both male and female facultymembers

(d) nothing can be said about the gender composition ofthe party

î (d) Since, it is given that not all female member knew music sonothing can be said about the gender composition of theparty.

52. Five peo ple A, B, C, D and E are seated about a roundta ble. Ev ery chair is spaced equi dis tant from ad ja cent chairs. (i) C is seated next to A. (ii) A is seated two seats from D.(iii) B is not seated next to AOn the basis of above information, which of thefollowing must be true?1. D is seated next to B. 2. E is seated next to A.3. D and C are separated by two seats.

Select the correct answer using the codes given below.(a) Only 1 (b) 1 and 2(c) Only 3 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 nor 3

î (b) According to the given information,

So, 1 and 2 are correct.

53. There are five hobby clubs in a col lege—pho tog ra phy, yacht ing, chess, elec tron ics and gar den ing. Thegar den ing group meets ev ery sec ond day, theelec tron ics group meets ev ery third day, the chessgroup meets ev ery fourth day, the yacht ing groupmeets ev ery fifth day and the pho tog ra phy groupmeets ev ery sixth day. How many times do all the fivegroups meet on the same day within 180 days?(a) 5 (b) 18 (c) 10 (d) 3

î (d) LCM (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) = 60

\ Required number of times = =180

603

54. There are some nec tar-filled flow ers on a tree andsome bees are hov er ing on it. If one bee land on eachflower, one bee will be left out. If two bees land oneach flower, one flower will be left out. The num ber of flow ers and bees re spec tively are(a) 2 and 4 (b) 3 and 2 (c) 3 and 4 (d) 4 and 3

î (c) Going through all the choices,

If number of flowers = 3

and number of bees = 4

Then, the given conditions are satisfied.

Di rec tions (Q. Nos. 55-59) Con sider the fol low ing in for ma tion and an swer the questions that fol low.

There are five persons in a group—P, Q, R, S and T. The group has one doctor, one lawyer and one artist. P andS are unmarried students. T is a man married to one of the group members. Q is the brother of P and is neitherdoctor nor artist. R is not a doctor.

55. Who is the doc tor?(a) T (b) P (c) Q (d) R

56. Who is the art ist?

(a) P (b) Q (c) R (d) T

57. Who is the spouse of R?(a) P (b) T (c) Q (d) S


(Starting point)A

BC

D(End point)

B

D

E

A

C

DB

C

A

Eor

58. Who is the law yer?(a) P (b) Q(c) R (d) S

59. Who of the fol low ing is def i nitely a man?(a) P (b) S(c) Q (d) None of these

î Solutions (Q. Nos. 55-59) According to the given information,

55. (a) T is the doctor.

56. (c) R is the artist.

57. (b) T is the spouse of R.

58. (b) Q is the lawyer.

59. (c) Q is definitely a man.

60. There is an or der of 19000 quan tity of a par tic u larprod uct from a cus tomer. The firm pro duces 1000quan tity of that prod uct per day out of which 5% areun fit for sale. In how many days will the or der becom pleted?(a) 18 (b) 19 (c) 20 (d) 22

î (c) Quantity produced in 1 day = 1000

Quantity unfit for sale = 5% of 1000 = 50

\ Quanity available for sale = - =1000 50 950

So, number of days required to complete the order

= =19000

95020

Di rec tions (Q. Nos. 61-65) Read the fol low ing two pas sages and an swer the questions that fol lows eachpas sage. Your an swers to these questions should be based on the pas sages only.

Passage 1Biomass as fuel for power, heat and transport has the highest mitigation potential of all renewable sources. It comes fromagriculture and forest residues as well as from energy crops. The biggest challenge in using biomass residues is a long-term reliable supply delivered to the power plant at reasonable costs; the key problems are logistical constraints and the costs of fuel collection. Energy crops, if no managed properly, compete with food production and may have undesirable impactson food prices. Biomass production is also sensitive to the physical impacts of a changing climate.

Projections of the future role of biomass are probably overestimated, given the limits to the sustainable biomass supply,unless breakthrough technologies substantially increase productivity. Climate-energy models project that biomass usecould increases nearly four-fold to around 150–200 exajoules, almost a quarter of world primary energy in 2050.However, the maximum sustainable technical potential of biomass resources (both residues and energy crops) withoutdisruption of food and forest resources ranges from 80 170- exajoules a year by 2050, and only part of this is realisticallyand economically feasible. In addition, some climate models rely on biomass-based carbon capture and storage, anunproven technology, to achieve negative emissions and to buy sometime during the first half of the century.

Some liquid biofuels such as corn-based ethanol, mainly for transport, may aggravate rather than ameliorate carbonemissions on a life-cycle basis. Second generation biofuels, based on ligno-cellulosic feedstocks – such as straw, bagasse,grass and wood – hold the promise of sustainable production that is high-yielding and emit low levels of greenhousegases, but these are still in the R & D stage.

61. What is/are the pres ent con straint/con straints inus ing bio mass as fuel for power gen er a tion?1. Lack of sustainable supply of biomass.2. Biomass production competes with food

production.3. Bio-en ergy may not al ways be low car bon on a

life-cy cle ba sis.Select the correct answer using the codes given below(a) 1 and 2 (b) Only 3 (c) 2 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3

î (d) It has been clearly men tioned by au thor in first para graph ofpas sage that, in us ing bio mass res i dues big gest chal lengeis long-term re li able sup ply and if en ergy crops are notproperly man aged then they will com plete with food

pro duc tion. Fi nally, in last para graph it has been said byau thor that corn-based eth a nol may ag gra vate rather thaname lio rat ing car bon emis sions on a life-cy cle ba sis.

62. Which of the fol low ing can lead to food se cu rityprob lem?1. Using agricultural and forest residues as feedstock

for power generation.2. Using biomass for carbon capture and storage.3. Pro mot ing the cul ti va tion of en ergy crops.

Select the correct answer using the codes given below(a) 1 and 2 (b) Only 3(c) 2 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3


PBrother

Q(Lawyer)

P, S Unmarried students

r

RCouple

T(Doctor)

r

(Artist)

s

S Student

(Student)

î (b) Pro mot ing the cul ti va tion of en ergy crop can cause com pe ti tionwith food pro duc tion and can lead to un de sir able im pact onfood prices.

So, this competition between energy and food crop can lead tothe problem of food insecurity. Therefore, option (b) will becorrect answer.

63. In the con text of us ing bio mass, which of the fol low ingis/are the char ac ter is tic/char ac ter is tics of the sus tain able pro duc tion of biofuel?1. Biomass as a fuel for power generation could meet all

the primary energy requirements of the world by 2050.2. Biomass as a fuel for power generation does not

necessarily disrupt food and forest resources.3. Bio mass as a fuel for power gen er a tion could help in

achiev ing neg a tive emis sions, given cer tain na scenttech nol o gies.

Select the correct answer using the codes given below(a) 1 and 2 (b) Only 3(c) 2 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3

î (b) In the pas sage, it has been said by the au thor that bio mass cancap ture and store car bon to achieve neg a tive emis sion butre search work is still be ing done on un proven tech nol ogy.Pas sage also states that sus tain able pro duc tion of biofuel canbe done on sus tain able ba sis with out dis rupt ing for est and food re source but en ergy amount pro duced from this will not be onlarge scale as it was pro jected ear lier and prod uct also might beeconomically unviable.

So, only statement regarding negative emission willbest suit as characteristic of sustainable production ofbiofuel. Therefore, option (b) will be correct answer.

64. With ref er ence to the pas sage, the fol low ingas sump tions have been made1. Some climate-energy models suggests that the

use of biomass as a fuel for power generationhelps in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.

2. It is not possible to use biomass as a fuel forpower generation without disrupting food andforest resources.

Which of these assumption(s) is/are valid?(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

î (a) In the pas sage, ref er ences have been made by theau thor which re fers to biofuel as hav ing highestmit i ga tion po ten tial among re new able sources. Then,fur ther it is said that un proven tech nol ogy is be ingsworked out to check the neg a tive emis sion frombio mass and fi nally the last para graph of pas sage says about 2nd gen er a tion of biofuel which is inde vel op men tal stage and its tre men dous po ten tial tore duce the greenhouse gas emis sion. 2nd As sump tion given in ques tion is wrong be cause it is pos si ble togen er ate biofuel with out dis rupt ing for est and foodre source but scale of power gen er a tion might beeco nom i cally un fea si ble. So, only first statement willqualify as assumption.

Passage 2We are witnessing a dangerous dwindling of biodiversity in our food supply. The Green Revolution is mixed blessing.Over time farmers have come to rely heavily on broadly adapted, high yield crops to the ex clu sion of va ri et ies adapted tothe lo cal con di tions. Monocropping vast fields with the same ge net i cally uni form seeds helps boost yield and meetim me di ate hun ger needs. Yet high-yield va ri et ies are also ge net i cally weaker crops that re quire ex pen sive chem i calfer til is ers and toxic pes ti cides. In our fo cus on in creas ing the amount of food we pro duce to day, we have ac ci den tally putour selves at risk food short ages in future.

65. Which among the fol low ing is the most log i cal and crit i calin fer ence that can be made from the above pas sage?(a) In our agricultural practices, we have become heavily

dependent on expensive chemical fertilisers and toxicpesticides only due to Green Revolution

(b) Monocropping vast fields with high-yield varieties ispossible due to Green Revolution

(c) Monocropping with high-yield varieties is the only way toensure food security to millions

(d) Green Rev o lu tion can pose a threat to biodiversity in foodsup ply and food se cu rity in the long-run

î (d) In the pas sage, au thor talks about Green Rev o lu tion as mixedbas ket. On the one hand, it has im proved the yield bymonocrop ping of high yielding variety of crop. But the highyield ing va ri et ies are ge net i cally weaker and it re quired the use of ex pen sive fer til isers and pesticides to main tain the high yield.Neg a tive ef fect of the Green Rev o lu tion is that natural/lo cal crop of

these ar eas were re placed and it also caused weak ingof biodiversity in our food sup ply. Fi nally, au thorcon cludes the pas sage by say ing that by fo cus ing onin creas ing amount of food to day, fu ture have beenplaced at risk due to chances of food short age. Option(d) rightly cap tures the in fer ence of the passage so, it suits most as answer.

66. A class starts at 11 00: am and lasts till 2 27: pm.Four pe ri ods of equal duration are held dur ing thisin ter val. Af ter ev ery pe riod, a rest of 5 min is given to the stu dents. The ex act du ra tion of each pe riodis(a) 48 min(b) 50 min(c) 51 min(d) 53 min


î (a) It is given that class starts at 11 00: am and lasts till 2 27: pm.

\ Total duration = 3 h and 27 min

Total number of periods = 4

Since, there is a rest of 5 min after each period, so totalduration of periods = 3 h 27 min - 15 min

= 3 h 12 min = 192 min

Hence, the duration of each period =192

4 min = 48 min.

67. Four friends A, B, C and D need to cross a bridge. Amax i mum of two per sons can cross it at a time. It isnight and they just have one lamp. Per sons that crossthe bridge must carry the lamp to find the way. A pairmust walk to gether at the speed of slower per son.Af ter cross ing the bridge, the per son hav ing fasterspeed in the pair will re turn with the lamp each time to ac com pany an other per son in the group. Fi nally, thelamp has to be re turned at the orig i nal place and theper son who re turns the lamp has to cross the bridgeagain with out lamp. To cross the bridge, the timetaken by them is as fol lows

A : 1 min , B : 2 min , C : 7 min , D : 10 min What is the to tal min i mum time re quired by all thefriends to cross the bridge?(a) 23 min (b) 22 min (c) 21 min (d) 20 min

î (a) Firstly, A and B will cross the bridge in 2 min and then A willcome back in 1 min. Now, A and C will cross the bridge in7 min and A will come back in 1 min and then A and D willcross the bridge in 10 min and A will come back in 1 min,re turn the lamp and go back in an other 1 min.

So, total time required = 23 min.

68. 30 g of sugar was mixed in 180 mL wa ter in a ves sel A,40 g of sugar was mixed in 280 mL of wa ter in ves sel Band 20 g of sugar was mixed in 100 mL of wa ter inves sel C. The so lu tion in ves sel B is (a) sweeter than that in C (b) sweeter than that in A(c) as sweet as that in C (d) less sweet than that in C

î (d) Ra tio of sugar in ves sel A = =30

180

1

6

Ratio of sugar in vessel B = =40

280

1

7

Ratio of sugar in vessel C = =20

100

1

5

Hence, the solution in vessel B is less sweet than that in C.

69. In aid of char ity, ev ery stu dent in a class con trib utesas many ru pees as the num ber of stu dents in thatclass. With the ad di tional con tri bu tion of ̀2 by onestu dent only, the to tal col lec tion is ̀ 443. Then, howmany stu dents are there in the class?(a) 12 (b) 21 (c) 43 (d) 45

î (b) Let the total num ber of stu dents be x.

\ Total collection = x2

According to the question, x2 2 443+ =

Þ x2 443 2 441= - = Þ x = 21

70. Anita’s math e mat ics test had 70 prob lems car ry ingequal marks, i.e. 10 arith me tic, 30 al ge bra and30 ge om e try. Al though she an swered 70% of thearith me tic, 40% of the al ge bra and 60% of thege om e try prob lems cor rectly, she did not pass the testbe cause she got less than 60% marks. The num ber ofmore ques tions she would have to an swer cor rectly toearn a 60% pass ing marks is (a) 1 (b) 5(c) 7 (d) 9

î (b) Let each ques tion carry 1 mark.

Now, number of questions attempted = 70% of 10 + 40%

of 30 60+ % of 30

= + +7 12 18 = 37

Given, passing marks = 60% of 70 = 42

\ Required number of questions to be attempted = -42 37

= 5

71. In a class, there are 18 very tall boys. If thesecon sti tute three-fourths of the boys and the to talnum ber of boys is two-thirds of the to tal num ber ofstu dents in the class, what is the num ber of girls in the class?(a) 6 (b) 12(c) 18 (d) 21

î (b) Given, num ber of very tall boys = 18

Let the number of boys be x.


3

418x =

Þ x =´

=18 4

324

\ Total number of students = ´243

2 = 36

So, total number of girls = -36 24 = 12

72. Con sider the fol low ing state ments1. Either A and B are of the same age or A is older

than B.2. Either C and D are of the same age or D is older

than C.3. B is older than C.

Which of the fol low ing con clu sions can be drawn fromthe above state ments?(a) A is older than B(b) B and D are of the same age(c) D is older than C

(d) A is older than C

î (d) According to the given state ments, we have

1. Either A B= or A B>

2. Either C D= or D C>

3. B C>

\ A is older than C is definitely true.


73. The monthly av er age sal ary paid to all the em ploy eesof a com pany was ̀ 5000. The monthly av er age sal arypaid to male and fe male em ploy ees was ̀5200 and ̀4200, re spec tively. Then, the per cent age of males

em ployed in the com pany is (a) 75% (b) 80% (c) 85% (d) 90%

î (b) Let the num ber of male and fe male em ploy ees be x and y,

re spec tively.

Given, monthly average salary = ` 5000

Monthly average salary of male employees = ` 5200

Monthly average salary of female employees = ` 4200


5000 5200 4200( )x y x y+ = +

Þ 5000 5000 5200 4200x y x y+ = +

Þ 200 800x y=

Þ x y= 4 …(i)

\ Required percentage =+

´x

x y100%

=+

´x

xx

4

100% [From Eq. (i)]

= ´4

5100

x

x% = 80%

Di rec tions (Q. Nos. 74-76) Con sider the given in for ma tion and an swer the questions that fol low.

Six boxes A, B, C, D, E and F have been painted with six different colours viz. violet, indigo, blue, green, yellowand orange and arranged from left to right (not necessarily either kept or painted with the colours in the sameorder). Each box contains a ball of anyone of the six games– cricket, hockey, tennis, golf, football and volleyball(not necessarily in the same order). The golf ball is in violet box and is not in the box D. The box A whichcontains tennis ball is orange in colour and is at the extreme right. The hockey ball is neither in box D nor inbox E. The box C having cricket ball is painted green. The hockey ball is nei ther in the box painted blue nor inthe box painted yel low. The box C is fifth from right and next to box B. The box B con tains vol ley ball. The boxcon tain ing the hockey ball is be tween the boxes con tain ing golf ball and vol ley ball.

74. Which one of the fol low ing boxes con tains the golfball?(a) F (b) E(c) D (d) None of these

75. Which of the fol low ing state ments is/are cor rect?(a) D is painted yellow (b) F is painted indigo(c) B is painted blue (d) All of these

76. The foot ball is in the box of which col our?(a) Yellow

(b) Indigo

(c) Cannot be determined as data are inadequate

(d) Blue

î Solutions (Q. Nos.74-76)

Box D C B F E A

Ball Football Cricket Volley-ball

Hockey Golf Tennis

Colour Blue/Yellow

Green Blue/Yellow

Indigo Violet Orange

74. (b) Box E contains the golf ball.

75. (b) F is painted indigo.

76. (c) Cannot be determined as data are inadequate.

77. Two num bers X and Y are re spec tively 20% and 28%less than a third num ber Z. By what per cent age is thenum ber Y less than the num ber X?(a) 12% (b) 10% (c) 9% (d) 8%

î (b) Given,

X = 80% of Z Z=4

5

and Y = 72% of Z Z=18

25

\ Required percentage =-

´X Y

X100%

=-

´

4

5

18

254

5

100Z Z

Z% = ´ ´

2

25

5

4100% = 10%

78. A daily train is to be in tro duced be tween sta tion A and sta tion B start ing from each end at 6 am and thejour ney is to be com pleted in 42 h. What is the num ber of trains needed in or der to main tain the shut tleser vice?(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 7

î (a) Two trains will be needed in or der to main tain shut tle ser vice.

79. A piece of tin is in the form of a rect an gle hav inglength 12 cm and width 8 cm. This is used to con structa closed cube. The side of the cube is(a) 2 cm (b) 3 cm (c) 4 cm (d) 6 cm

î (c) Given, length of tin = 12 cm

and breadth of tin = 8 cm

\ Area of tin = Length ´ Breadth = ´12 8 = 96 sq cm

Now, area of cube = 6 2a

Þ 96 6 2= a Þ 16 2= a Þ a = 4 cm

80. In a ques tion pa per, there are five ques tions to beat tempted and an swer to each ques tions has twochoices — True (T) or False (F). It is given that no twocan di dates have given the an swers to the fiveques tions in an iden ti cal se quence. For this to hap penthe max i mum num ber of can di dates is(a) 10 (b) 18 (c) 26 (d) 32

î (d) Since, there are 5 questions whose answer can be given in2 ways.

\ Re quired num ber of can di dates = 25 = 32


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