SolutionsSolutions A homogeneous A homogeneous

mixture of 2 or more mixture of 2 or more substances in a substances in a single physical single physical state.state.

Air (OAir (O22, N, N22, others…), others…) Brass (Cu & Zn)Brass (Cu & Zn) Ocean Water (HOcean Water (H22O, O,

NaCl, others)NaCl, others)

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SolutionsSolutions Solutions that mix with Solutions that mix with

one another are one another are soluble.soluble.

Solutions that are Solutions that are incapable of mixing incapable of mixing are are insolubleinsoluble or or immiscibleimmiscible..

““Like dissolves like”Like dissolves like”[http://www.chemistry.org/portal/a/c/s/1/resources/ACS/ACSContent/wondernet/images/wn_float_oil.jpg]Click here for a polarity demo.

Parts of a SolutionParts of a Solution

Usually when Usually when describing liquid describing liquid & solid:& solid:

SoluteSolute is the is the substance being substance being dissolved.dissolved.

SolventSolvent is the is the substance “doing” substance “doing” the dissolving.the dissolving.

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Ionic Substances Dissolved in H2O

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Click here for video clip of dissolving solids.

Types of SolutionsTypes of Solutions

UnsaturatedUnsaturated – Can dissolve more – Can dissolve more solute.solute.

SaturatedSaturated – Cannot dissolve more – Cannot dissolve more solute.solute.

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Types of SolutionsTypes of Solutions SupersaturatedSupersaturated – –

heating in order heating in order to dissolve more to dissolve more solute.solute.

Normally for Normally for solids dissolved solids dissolved in liquidsin liquids

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Click here for video clip.

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Heating works opposite for gases in solution.

SolubilitySolubility

Measurement Measurement of solute that of solute that will dissolve in a will dissolve in a solvent under solvent under specific specific conditions.conditions.

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SolubilitySolubility

Solutions normally dissolve faster Solutions normally dissolve faster when:when:

–Surface area is increased.Surface area is increased.

–Solution is stirred.Solution is stirred.

–Temperature is increased. Temperature is increased. (usually for solids!)(usually for solids!)

SolubilitySolubility

When dealing When dealing with gases, with gases, higher higher pressures pressures causes higher causes higher solubility.solubility.

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