1

The current situation of solid waste management

in Syria

Engineer Amir Alboukhari

SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC

MINISTRY OF LOCAL ADMINISTRATION AND ENVIRONMENT

2

Introduction:

Solid wastes represent one of aggravating problems which face

the administrative unites in Syria

The lack of financial incomes ,with the nature un suitable

infrastructure ,and the lack of trained competent had to a

weakness in treating and managing the solid wastes in this

unites.

Some big cities ,in Syria, tried ,through the last decade , to

establish some props to improve waste management by mission

many specialists to attend seminars in advanced countries .

There are some legal, social, and economical major

considerations which must be taken ; in planning ,executing ,

supervising, and managing to dispose the wastes.

3

0

500000

1000000

1500000

2000000

2500000

3000000

3500000

Dam

as

Ale

ppo

Hom

s

Latta

kia

Ham

a

Gra

man

a

Rak

ka

Has

aka

Der

zor

Man

beg

Tarto

us

Kam

shli

Dar

aa

Har

asta

Bab

Idle

b

Swei

da

Dar

ia

Distribution of population in some main

cities in Syria

4

Preparing studies about solid waste management in Syria

Remarks

Date

Study title

Study source

City

finished

1995

1996

Supporting by

collecting

vehicles and

landfill

equipment

Improving

environmental

conditions

JICA

Damas

Finishes

1998

1999

Collecting

vehicles and

transfer

station

Improving environmental conditions

JICA

Aleppo

Not

completed

1999

ISWM in

Aleppo city

Study of

waste

management

COWI

Goal

5

: ا

Only

study

yet

2001

Study of

current

situation in

(Lattakia

city- Hafa –

Jabla –

qerdaha)

and future

conception

Study of

solid waste management

in Lattakia

governorate

JICA

lattakia

Study

only

1996

General

study

General

study about

solid waste management

in Lattakia

gov.

MEDU

RBUS

6

Study

only

2001

Study of

advantages of

constructing

composting

plant

Study about

solid waste

management

JICA

Homs

Study only

1999

Study solid

waste

situation and

preparing a

designing

study ,and

solutions to sanitary landfill

Solid waste

management

study

European

bank and

Cowi

Study

not

complete

2002-2003

Situation of

hazardous

waste and

solutions

Hazardous

waste study

G.T.Z

7

Under

constru

ction

2002

study of current situation and composting plant

Executing

composting

plant

G.T.Z

Salamia

Study not complete

2002

2003

Study of

current

situation

and future

conception

G.T.Z

Tartous

Municipal and Hazardous waste study

8

Preparation

of master plan for

solid waste

management

in Syria

Contract with

French Trivalor

company

9

Seminars in ministry

of local administration

and environment

contribute to improve

solid waste

management in Syria

10

Local studies Sorting of solid waste

From source

Damascus - alsalihia

Damascus - almaza

Sorting battery

11

Local studies Integrated solid waste

management in Damascus

countryside

(Jdaida-Mlaiha-

Ainlfija)

Sorting of waste

Medical waste

collection

12

Local studies (Applying of GIS in solid

waste collection in Damascus ( Kassa district

13

The administrative state

for solid waste management

There is no limited administrative division for solid waste

management in Syrian units ,

Damascus governorate has formed specialized directorate in

managing solid waste while waste management in ( Aleppo,

Homs , Lattakia ,Hama , Tartous ,and others cities ) is done by

cleaning department follow to the president of city council

directly or to health affairs directorate .

14

Technical state of solid waste management

Produced quantity of solid waste varies according

to the population and the economical activities in

Syrian units.

Damascus and Aleppo are considered the most

generated cities for waste , each city produce

more than 1000 tones daily.

Each person in Syria produce about ½ k.g daily.

Almost waste are collected through more than one

shift daily.

15

1400

800

405

330

270230

200

140137

1158580806563

326

1400

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Damas

Aleppo

Homs

Lattakia

Rakka

Hama

Deirzor

Tartous

Garmana

Idle

bDaria

Hasaka

Daraa

Harsta

Sweida

Manbeg

Gabla

Quantity of produced solid

waste in some cities in Syria

16

Analysis of solid waste (percentage) 2002

metal

1.7%

organic

53.8%

plastic

13.4%

others

8.5%bon

0.6%

glass

1.7%

papper

15.9%

textile

4.4%

Damascus

17

Aleppo

57%

14%

13%

0%

1% 7%

0%

4%

4%

organic

plastic

papper

dust

metal

glass

wood

textile

others

Analysis of solid waste (percentage) 2002

18

DARAA

64%6%

5%

3%

7%

5%3% 3% 4%

organic

plastic

papper

dust

metal

glass

wood

textile

others

Analysis of solid waste (percentage) 2002

19

Transfer station Damascus

Produced solid

wastes are

transferred to

landfills directly

except Damascus

and Aleppo

Transfer station

Aleppo

20

Medical waste

collection separately

in Damascus

21

Private sector participation in solid waste management

22

Landfills state in the Syrian administrative units

The common way to get rid of solid waste is to throw

it irregular landfills .

Some cities cover wastes by soil.

There are fences around landfills of Damascus ,Homs

, and Idleb only.

.

23

Final landfill of Damascus

before rehabilitation

24

Rehabilitation of Damascus

Landfill

25

Final landfill in

Homs

Before

rehabilitatio

n

26

Rehabilitation of Homs landfill

27

Idleb landfill

28

Lattakia

landfill

before

rehabilitation

29

Rehabilitation

of lattakia

landfill

30

The first sanitary landfill in

Syria

Deir alzoor

31

Alhasaka

Landfills

in Syria

Alkamishli

32

Landfills

in

Damascus

countryside

Deiratia Zabadani

Jdaidetartooz

33

Rehabilitation

of Damascus

countryside

landfill in

Rakhla

34

Damascus countryside

landfill (Albajja)

before rehabilitation

35

Rehabilitation of Albajja landfill in Damascus

countryside

36

Composting plant in Damascus

37

Composting

plant in

Lattakia

(stopped)

38

Composting

plant in

Hama

(stopped)

39

Composting plant

project

in Salamia (under construction)

50 tones daily

40

Sorting plant

In Damascus countryside

Ever clean company

41

Medical

waste

incinerators

in

Damascus

42

Medical waste

incinerator in Almiadeen

Almiadeen city

43

The financial of solid waste management

The administrative units depend on cleaning fees to finance

solid waste management ,

this fees are ( 75 – 500 ) s.p per house.

All this fees cover only a small part of collecting and

disposing of the waste budget so this units almost depend on

there common budget

44

6850

00

3851

15

1114

28

1199

00

8811

2

1804

1

1941

7

2300

7

324035

200

3490

0

0

100000

200000

300000

400000

500000

600000

700000

800000

Dam

as

Ale

ppo

Hom

s

Latta

kia

Ham

a

Dar

aa

Swei

da

Idle

b

Rak

ka

Der

zor

Has

aka

Costs of solid waste in some

cities (thousands S.P)

45

6788

8

4379

2

6450

0

4950

3390

4029

723

2630

3000

1987

1370

603

322

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

Dam

as

Ale

ppo

Hom

s

Ham

a

Lttaki

a

Tarto

us

Dar

aa

Has

aka

Rak

kaId

leb

Der

zor

Swei

da

Gra

man

a

Incomes of slid waste in some

cities (thousands S.P)

46

Un cooperation of

inhabitants cause

many problems for

collection of wastes

Awareness

campaigns are not

enough to increase

cooperation of

inhabitants

47

The legislation for solid waste management

1- Decisions of local councils

2- Environment low no 50 /2002 /

3- General guideline for medical waste

4- Book of general conditions for facilities of solid waste

treatment

5- Financial low no 1 / 1994 /

6- Low of cleanliness and beauty of administrative units

7- Hazardous waste management system

48

MINISTRY OF LOCAL ADMINISTRATION AND ENVIRONMENT