Solids, Liquids and Solids, Liquids and Gases Gases

Ch 3Ch 3

Section 3.1 Section 3.1

Describing States of MatterDescribing States of Matter

Materials can be classified as solids, Materials can be classified as solids, liquids or gases based on whether liquids or gases based on whether their shapes and volumes are definitetheir shapes and volumes are definite ((unchangingunchanging) ) or variableor variable ( (changingchanging) )

Shape and volume are clues as to how Shape and volume are clues as to how particles are arranged particles are arranged

SolidsSolids

Material has definite shape and volumeMaterial has definite shape and volume Almost all solids have some type of orderly Almost all solids have some type of orderly

arrangement on the atomic level arrangement on the atomic level

LiquidsLiquids

Material has definite volume, but not a Material has definite volume, but not a definite shapedefinite shape

Liquids always take the shape of their Liquids always take the shape of their containers containers

GasesGases Material has neither a definite shape nor a Material has neither a definite shape nor a

definite volumedefinite volume Gas takes the shape and volume of its Gas takes the shape and volume of its

containercontainer Gases can be compressed or expanded Gases can be compressed or expanded

Other states of matterOther states of matter On Earth, almost all matter exists as a On Earth, almost all matter exists as a

solid, liquid or gas; at extremely high solid, liquid or gas; at extremely high temperatures plasma exists temperatures plasma exists

Plasma – ionized gas (more in Ch 10) Plasma – ionized gas (more in Ch 10) BEC (Bose-Einstein condensate) – occurs BEC (Bose-Einstein condensate) – occurs

at absolute zero (-273at absolute zero (-273°C) °C) A group of atoms behaving a one single A group of atoms behaving a one single

particle particle • Still not fully understood Still not fully understood

OTHER STATES OF MATTEROTHER STATES OF MATTER

Kinetic TheoryKinetic Theory

Kinetic energy – energy an object has due Kinetic energy – energy an object has due to motionto motion

Kinetic theory of matter – all particles of Kinetic theory of matter – all particles of matter are in constant motionmatter are in constant motion

Particles in a SolidParticles in a SolidA solid is made up of particles which vibrate around a fixed or central position

Particle of a solid

Particles do not swap positions in a solid

A B

Particles in a LiquidParticles in a LiquidA liquid is made up of particles which move about and hit each other

A liquid particle

Particles can swap position in a liquid by moving past each other

AB

Particles in a gasParticles in a gasA gas is made up of particles which move about much more quickly than in a liquid and often hit each other, they are in constant, random motion

A gas particle

It is the particles colliding with the sides of a container which cause the pressure

A

B

Copy on your notes and replace each letter with one of these phrases: Definite volume, Variable volume, Definite shape, Variable shape

Solid Liquid Gas

A_______

B ___________ C ________

D ________

Copy on your notes and replace each letter with one of these phrases: Definite volume, Variable volume, Definite shape, Variable shape

Solid Liquid Gas

Definite Shape Definite

Volume

Variable Shape

Variable Volume