Diapositiva 1

Solidarity & PolitenessNida Dusturia(D05211039)Ainun Hidayatin(D35211048)Afrida Maria U.(D75211074)Politeness & Solidarity

By the end of the lesson we will be able to:Mention the concept definition of address system and politeness

Identify address system and politenessWe will discuss about :When we speak, we must constantly make a choices of many different kinds: what we want to say, how we want to say it, and the sentence types, words, and sounds that best unite the what with how

Tu and VousTV distinction is derived from French language tu and vousThis distinction began as a difference between plurarl and singularHISTORY :IV century: the use of plural vous was to address the emperor. There were two emperors: one in Constantinople and another in Rome, but the Empire was administratively unified. By addressing one, you were in fact addressing both emperors. As a consequence, the medieval upper classes began to use V-forms among them to show mutual respect and politeness

6T-V DistinctionVous is used to address individuals on certain occasions. Tu (T) is sometimes described as familiar form /formalVous (V) is the polite form or mutual respect/informal Lower classes used mutual T-formsUpper classes used T to address lower classes, but received V addressing Other languages with T-V distinction:Italian (tu/Lei)Javanese (kowe/panjenengan)

7TuTuis the familiar "you," which demonstrates a certain closeness and informality. Usetuwhen speaking to one friend peer / colleague relative child pet

VousVousis the formal "you." It is used to show respect or maintain a certain distance or formality with someone. Usevouswhen speaking tosomeone you don't know wellan older personan authority figureanyone to whom you wish to show respect

Terms of AddresseeHow do you address your?Parents?Brother/sister?Teacher?Boss in work?Boyfriend/girlfriend?Colleague?Best friend?

Addressee in EnglishGenerally, by:Title (T) : Generic : Mr., Mrs., Sir, MadamDoctor, Professor, Captain, ColonelFirst name (FN) : Daniel, Jonas, AnnabethLast name (LN) : Smith, Cullen, ParkerNickname : Dan, Joe, AnnieCombination of those allNothing at all

The Address ProcessSymmetricalGeorge JaneMr. Black Mrs. Reed AsymmetricalMrs. Watson James Factors of the Usage of Address TermsParticular occasionSome circumstances might require some different terms. Social status or rankAsymmetrical use of title, last name and first name indicated inequality in power.Switch from mutual TFL to FN is usually initiated by the most powerful member in the relationship.GenderE.g: The Nuer people.AgeE.g: a person called his mother when he is still child and turn into teenagerFamily relationshipAs your family relationships change, issues of naming and addressing may arise; for example: how do you address your father/mother in law?Occupational hierarchyChoosing the right terms of addressTransactional statusE.g: doctor-patient, service encounter, priest-penitentRacein the southern states of the United States, whites used naming and addressing practices to put blacks in their place.Degree of intimacyMutual title, last name indicated inequality and unfamiliarity. Mutual first name indicated equality and familiarity since using anothers first name is a sign of considerable intimacy.GeographyIn each country there are different rules stating how people should address each other. In England we can omit the address term when greeting someone but in France that avoidance could be impolite.

In those societies in which a persons status derives from his or her own achievements, few distinctions in address are made. However, in societies where status is ascribed, i.e., derived from birth into a particular social group, we are much more likely to find sets of finely graded address terms.(Robinson, 1972)Politeness

Is this polite?Wooww.you look so amazing, dude!! Tell me whats going on!!To your best friend?To your lecturer?To your dad?The Concept Of Politeness Politeness = practical application of good manners or etiquettes. It is culturally defined phenomenon or socially approved. Therefore, what is considered polite in one culture, may sometimes be impolite in another culture.

It is first important that you understand the concept of 'face'.Face is defined as the public self-image every adult expose, which must be attended to in interaction.

Positive face is the desire to be appreciated and liked.

Negative face is the desire to have freedom and not to be imposed upon.

Kinds Of Politeness Positive politeness = attempts to establish a positive relationship between people in the same level.

Negative politeness = it leads to deference, indirectness and formality in language use.

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Politeness - ExamplesWould it be really bothering you if I asked you to move over one seat?Move aside, please!Excuse me, do you happen to have a minute or two to spare?Come here. We need to talk!Is it possible for you to close the window a little?Close the window!ReferencesWardaugh, Ronald. 2006. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics 5th Edition. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.Thank you >_