Solid Waste Managment in Haxara Uni Haripur
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Transcript of Solid Waste Managment in Haxara Uni Haripur
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ASSESSMENT OF
BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION IN PAKISTAN
Subject
Basics of Biodiversity
Submitted by
Soul Trapper & Company
BES {S-II, B-III}
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Submitted to
Salman khan
Lecturer of Department of Environmental Sciences
Submitted on
June 04, 2010
Friday
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
HAZARA UNIVERSITY,HARIPUR CAMPUS
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Table Of Contents
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S.N
O
Title Page No.
a. Acknowledgement -i-
b. List of tables -ii-
c. List of Graphs -iii-
d. Abstract -iv-
Chapter 1 : Introduction
1.1 Introduction To the Site 1
1.2 Introduction to the topic 1
1.3 Purpose of the study 1
1.4 Objectives of the study 1
1.5 Organization of the study 2
Chapter 2 : Methodology
2.1 Literature review 3
2.2 Universe of the study 3
2.3 Data organization 3
2.4 Data analysis 3
Chapter 3 : Results and discussions
3.1 Amount of Waste generated 4
3.2 Composition of Waste 4
3.3 Types of waste generated 7
3.4 Current management Practices 8
Chapter 4 : Conclusion and recommendation
4.1 Conclusions 10
Some Picture of the site 11
4.2 Suggestions 12
References 13
Questionnaire 14
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Chapter # 1
Introduction
1.1 Introduction to Site
This report is one of the assignments given by lecturerSalman Khan of department of Environmental Sciences. It presents theassessment of solid waste at the campus. Main source for data collection wasinterviews from the people present in the campus (students, teachers andlower staff). Main focus was on the sweepers, people involved in themanagement of solid waste at the site. The Haripur Campus is located at abeautiful lush green and pollution free area at Haripur. It is spread over anarea of 236 Canals (29.5 Acres) and is situated at an altitude of 257meters andat a distance of 37km south of Abbottabad and 63km north from Islamabad. Itis situated off the Hattar road, Haripur. The pollution free and lush greensurroundings of the campus have its own beauty. The Haripur campus is
established with the support from provincial government, especially theGovernor, the Chief Minister and Minister of Environment and Forest. The landwas handed over by Forest Development Corporation. Haripur Campus is thethird Campus of Hazara University established in April, 2008.Initially threedepartments have been launched in campus offering undergraduate andgraduate programs in environmental sciences, agriculture and education. Thefirst Batch has started its classes on April 21, 2008.
Existing Departments are
Department of Environmental Sciences (DES)
Department of Agricultural Sciences (horticulture and food sciences)
Department of Management Sciences
Department of Education.
There are 25 faculty members (teaching staff) performing their duties atrespective departments. The number of students present in the campus isapproximately 650.
[1]
1.2 Introduction to the topic
What is Solid Waste?Any unwanted or discarded material from residential, commercial, industrial,
mining and agricultural activities that cause environmental problems termed
as solid waste.
What is waste management?
Waste management is the collection, transport, processing, recycling or
disposal, and monitoring ofwaste materials. The term usually relates to
materials produced by human activity, and is generally undertaken to reduce
their effect on health, the environment or aesthetics
[2]
1.3. Purpose of study
Assessment of solid waste management at Hazara University,Hazara University
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_collectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_treatmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recyclinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environment_(biophysical)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aestheticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_collectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_treatmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recyclinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environment_(biophysical)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aesthetics -
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The purpose of the study is to have a long term solid waste management
system.
1.4 Objectives of the Study
Quantify the amount of waste being generated.
Analyse composition of waste and their percentage.
Analyse the current management practices.
Suggest an environmentally sound management system for campus.
[3]
1.5 Organization of the study
The study is divided into 4 chapters. The first chapter includes the introduction to the
site and topic etc. The second chapter relates to the methodology adopted. Third
chapter describes the results and discussions. In fourth chapter conclusions and
recommendations are explained.
.
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Chapter # 2
Methodology
The purpose of the chapter is to explain the methodology used for the study,
Assessment of solid waste management at Hazara University, Haripur Campus.
2.1. Literature Review
For the collection of secondary data many websites were used. This helped in creation
of a part of the report. The details of the literature reviewed have been discussed in
detail in concerned part of the report.
Various reports were studied for the purpose of information about the solid waste, its
management and techniques used for the management. The official website of the
university was used for information about the site.
2.2. Universe of the study
The study was conducted in Haripur Campus of Hazara University.
2.3. Data Collection
Interviews were conducted from the lower staff i.e. sweepers, students.
Questionnaires were administered by keeping in mind the objectives of the study.
2.4. Data Analysis
The data collected through questionnaires was analyzed with the help of tables and
graphs.
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Chapter # 3
Results and Discussions
Keeping in mind the objectives of the report, following results were obtained:
3.1. Amount of Waste
The detail of amount of the Waste generated from different places in the campus is
explained in the following table.
Table 3.1. Amount of Waste Generated
S.No Waste Generated from Amount in kg
1. Canteen 8 kg
2. Cafeteria 3 kg
3. Dustbins 9 kg
4. Ground 5 kg
Total 25 kg
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Graph 3.1 Amount of Waste Generated
Cafeteria
12%
Canteen
32%
Dust Bins
36%
Ground
20%
Canteen
Cafeteria
Dust Bins
Ground
[4]
3.2. Composition
The waste consisted of plastics, papers, food stuff, and glass materials. Their
individual percentage is shown the following tables.3.2.1 Plastics
Table 3.2. Percentage of Plastics
S.No MaterialsApproximate
Percentage
1. Wrappers 50 %
2. Bottles 20 %
3. Polythenes 30 %
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Graph 3.2 Percentage of Plastics
Bottles, 20%
Polythenes, 30%
Wrappers, 50%
Wrappers
Bottles
Polythenes
[4]
3.2.2 Food Stuff
The waste generated from food includes the rotten fruits and vegetables along with
the skin of various fruits and vegetables.
Table 3.3. Percentage of Waste of Food Stuff
S.No Materials Approximate
Percentage
1. Rotten fruits and Vegetables 25 %
2. Skin of Food Materials 75 %
Graph 3.3 Percentage of waste of food stuff
Rotten Fruits &
Vegetables, 25%
Rotten Fruits & Vegetables
Skin of Fruits & Vegetables
[4]
3.2.3 PaperTable 3.4. Percentage of Paper Waste
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Skin of Fruits
&
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S.No Materials Approximate
Percentage
1. Tissue Paper 40 %
2. Common Paper 60 %
40% 60%
0%
10%20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Tissue Paper Common Paper
Graph 3.4 Percentage of Paper Wa
Tissue Pap
Common
Paper
[4]
The collective Percentage of Components of waste is shown in the following Table.
Table 3.5. Composition of Solid Waste
S.No Materials Approximate
percentage
1. Plastics 50
2. Food Stuff 203. Paper 25
4. Glass materials 5
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Graph 3.5 Composition of Solid Waste
Food Stuff
20%
Papers
25%
Glass Materials
5%
Plastics
50%
Plastics
Food Stuff
Papers
Glass Materials
[4]
3.3. Types of Waste Generated
The waste generated includes both bio degradable and non bio degradable materials.
From the composition of the waste generated the following percentage was extracted.
Table 3.6. Types Of Waste Generated
Biodegradable Materials Non Biodegradable Materials
45 % 55 %
Graph 3.6 Types of Waste Generate
Non Biodegradable
Material
55%
Biodegradable
Material
45%
Biodegradable Material
Non Biodegradable Material
[4]
3.4. Current Management Practices
Currently practiced techniques of disposal used in the campus are open dumping and
burning. Most of the waste is dumped openly in a specified area in the premises
where a hole is dug. The percentage is shown in the table.
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Table 3.7. Current Management Practices
S. No Practice Approximate
Percentage
1. Dumping 98 %
2. Burning 2 %
98%
2%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Open Dumping Burning
3.7. Current Management Practices
[4]
Pros
The waste is manually picked from the campus.
The waste is taken to the dumping site on the daily basis.
A number of dust bins are installed in the campus.
Overall environment of the campus is good.
Cons The waste is not buried properly.
The place of disposal is in the residential area thus the environment of that
area is not good.
Pungent smell keeps on coming from the site.
Mosquitoes are growing in number in the campus due to the open dumping
of waste.
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Chapter # 4
Conclusions and Suggestions
4.1 Conclusions
From the results it was concluded that the solid waste generated at the
campus was composed of both biodegradable and non biodegradable materials
which included plastics, papers, waste of food stuff, glass material, etc. All thiscollectively weighed approximately 30 kilogram each day. The people involved
in the management of solid waste are the members of lower staff, the
sweepers, according to them the only main disposal technique adopted for
solid waste is its open dumping in an area in the university premises where a
hole is dug and the waste is just thrown into that after collecting from all other
places. Only a small proportion of the waste is burned. Thus the solid waste
management technique is not that much satisfying as it should be. No proper
burying or dumping system is there. No special attention is paid to it. Tehsil
municipal Administration is having no concern about it as it should have been.It needs proper management and attention.
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Some Pictures of the site
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back side of offices
Open dumping site
4.2 Suggestions
After the conclusion the following suggestions need to be presented for the
improvement of the solid waste management in the campus
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There should be a check and balance system for the workers so that they
could perform their duty at their best level.
Composting technique should be adopted.
Tehsil Municipal Administration should pay attention towards the waste
generated from the campus so that it should be picked up manually from the
premises and disposed off at any other place using different techniques.
The waste materials need to be separated into different components on
the basis of their properties.
Biodegradable material should be picked up from the waste and buried.
Non biodegradable waste need to be separated for its disposal by
various methods.
Burning of the waste should be avoided as it causes air pollution.
Awareness among the people in the campus should be made for avoid
spreading waste here and there and to make less usage of non biodegradable
materials.
Specials funds should be specified for the purpose of solid waste
management.
Number of workers should be increased.
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References
1. www.hu.edu.pk
2. Wikipedia.com
3. Class Lecture4. Personal Observation /Questionnaires/ Interviews
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Questionnaire
Amount of waste
S. No Waste Generated From Amount in Kilograms (kg)
1. Canteen
2. Cafeteria
3. Dust Bins
4. Ground
Types of waste
S.
No
Type of Waste generated at The Site
Biodegradable Material Non-Biodegradable material
1.
2.
Composition
S.
NoComposition of Waste Generated at the site
Approximate
Percentage
1.
Plastics
Wrappers
Bottles
Polythenes
2. Food stuff
Rotten fruits and Vegetables
Skin of Fruits Vegetables n other food
stuff
Tissue papers
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3. Paper
4. Glass material
Current management Practices
S.
No
Solid Waste Disposal At the Site Approximate
Percentage
1. Dumping
2. Burning
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