Solid Waste Management

Project in Myanmar

Multilateral Cooperation Case

“Korea-WB Joint Technical Assistance for

Pollution Management in Myanmar, 2018”

Ministry of Natural Resources & Environmental Conservation

Ministry of Environment Republic of Korea

YaeChan JOUNG Associate Researcher / KEITI

19 February, 2020

CONTENTS

Solid Waste Management Project in Myanmar

I. KEITI-WB Joint Technical Assistance for Pollution Management in Myanmar

II. KEITI Feasibility Study for Landfill Gas Flaring and Generator Project in Mandalay

3

Overview

Activity Title KEITI-WB Joint Technical Assistance for Pollution Management in Myanmar

2018. 6. 5 ~ 2018. 12. 2

Objectives Analysis on wastewater and solid waste management system in Myanmar

Development of pollution management options and policy recommendations for GoM*

Expected

Results

Activities Results

Output 1:

- Work Plan, Methodology, Survey,

Assessment of existing Info and Data

Inception Report

1st Workshop

Output 2:

- Analysis on Info & Data

- Developing Improvement Options

Interim Report

2nd Workshop

Output 3:

- Policy Recommendations

- Technical Seminar

Final Reports

3rd Workshop

Mandalay City)

Nay Pyi Taw City

Yangon City

(Target Areas– YGN, MDY,NPT)

* GoM : Government of Myanmar

4

Methodology of the TA

ACTIVITY 1: ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT WASTEWATER AND SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

INCEPTION ANALYSIS OF EXISTING

INFO AND DATA

STRATEGIC ANALYSIS TO REVIEW ACTIVITY 1

RESULTS

DEVELOPMENT OF IMROVEMENT OPTIONS

ACTIVITY 2: DEVELOPMENT OF IMPROVEMENT OPTIONS IN PRIORITY SECTOR

ACTIVITY 3: A WORKSHOP IN MYANMAR

FINAL WORKSHOP

INCEPTION MISSION

Initial meeting with GoM & WB Initial compilation of existing

Info & data Review previous studies Analysis of legal framework

1

METHODOLOGY 3

INCEPTION REPORT 4

COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF EXISTING INFO & DATA

Detailed analysis of related laws and regulations

Regional (YGN/MDY) system & data collection and analysis

Review existing budget Review current environmental

awareness and public communication

5

ANALYSIS OF CHALLENGES 6

Identification of problems Review improvement

directions

INTERIM REPORT 7

1st WORKSHOP

Brief presentation Additional data collection Discussion with GoM & WB On-site investigation Stakeholder interview

2

2nd WORKSHOP

Interim report review Discussion of results & next

steps with GoM, WB & relevant stakeholders

Best practice presentation

8

DETAILED ANALYSIS OF ACTIVITY 1 RESULTS

Identification of regional institutional bottleneck

Review secondary & field data Stakeholders feedback Detailed additional

investigation (If necessary)

9

REVISION OF INTERIM REPORT

10

PRIORITIZE POTENTIAL OPTIONS

Review development areas & discuss with stakeholders

List-up and exclusion of potential areas for developing

Set priority criteria and one by one strategic analysis

Selection of potential areas

11

DEVELOPMENT OF OPTIONS

Develop institution, technology, financial options (draft)

Establish action plans (temporary timeline and budget)

Discussion of options with GoM & WB

12

DRAFT FINAL REPORT 13

FINAL WORKSHOP

Draft final report review Discussion of results & action

plans with GoM & WB Policy recommendations Technical Seminar

14

FINAL REPORTS 15

SYMBOLS:

Travel to/from Myanmar

Deliverable

Workshop/Capacity

Building

5

KEY RESULTS 1. Challenges in the Solid Waste Management

(Medical Waste in YCDC)

(Waste Collection in YCDC)

Waste Generation and Treatment

Rapid increase in waste generation rate and quantity

Growth and emergence of new types(medical/plastic)

Shortage of final disposal sites (FDS)

Lack of land for suitable landfill sites

855,020 Ton/year (2,340 Ton/day)

KEY RESULTS 2. Status of the Plastic Waste Management

Over 170 tons/day of plastic waste is generated in Yangon

(33 townships and 5.2 million populations)

Plastic waste accounts for 12%(YCDC) & 14%(MCDC) of the total generation

Plastic bottles and solid waste production tripled from 2013 to 2018.

Plastic is often collected by scavengers

YCDC & MCDC collects 74pc and 83pc of its post-consumer PET bottles

* Polycarbonate is a clear plastic used to make bottles (Gone Adventurin report, 2016)

In Yangon, plastic treatment factories produce around 1,000 tons/month

of chopped plastic materials, and Mandalay city also has similar factories.

WASTE GENERATION

COLLECTION (scavengers/local buyers)

RECYCLING FACTORY (Owned by Private or YCDC)

MELTING PLASTIC RESIN WASTE BAG

DOMESTIC USE

EXPORT (CHINA)

PLASTIC RECYCLING PROCESS IN MYANMAR

* Source: IGES and UNEP (2017), Gone Adventurin report (2016)

7

KEY RESULTS 3. Status of the Final Disposal Sites (FDS) in Yangon & Mandalay

The status of Final Disposal Site in YCDC and MCDC (2018)

Regions Locations Capacity(T/d) Area(ha) Condition Remarks

YCDC

Hteinpin 1080 61 Open dumping Operating

Dawai Chang 843 60 Open dumping Operating

Shwepyithar 61 0.4 Open dumping Closed 2018

Mingalardon 43 0.4 Open dumping Closed 2018

Dala 33 0.5 Open dumping Operating Temporary site

Seikyikhanaungato 4 0.1 Open dumping Operating Temporary site

MCDC

Kyar Ni Kan 450 5 Open dumping Operating

Thanung Inn Myoung Inn 300 12 Open dumping Operating

New Breway factory 142 - Open dumping Closed 2009

New Kandawgyi lake 80 - Open dumping Closed 2010

New Zanngkalow pond 28 - Open dumping Closed 2011

Coner of N/E Mandaly 450 - Open dumping Closed 2012

A survey of major FDS shows that despite the primary waste collection, waste is still mixed with plastic /industrial/household wastes. This causes serious pollution of water and soil due to leachate and CH4.

8

SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPROVING WASTE MANAGEMENT “PRIORITIZATION OF THE AREAS”

1. UNSANITARY LANDFILL & FDS MANAGEMENT

2. PLASTIC WASTE MANAGEMENT

3. MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT

As a result of ACTIVITY 1 analysis, the urgent issues and areas for WASTE MANAGEMENT in Myanmar are as follows.

9

Short-term

(2018-2020)

High

Low

Exp

ecte

d B

ud

ge

t (U

SD

)

Mid-term

(2021-2025)

Long-term

(2026-2030)

50,000

100,000

150,000

1.6 mil

100 mil

1

2

3

4 5

7

6 Priority options

IMPROVEMENT OPTIONS MATRIX

Education using IT (e.g. Mobile APP)

Plastic reduction policy (Strategy/Directive)

Landfill gas flaring system

Styrofoam recycling facility

Medical waste incinerator

Plastic/combustible waste incinerator

ISWM

GDP (USD) High Low

5,000 10,000 20,000

* x (Timeframe) y (Expected Budget) z (GDP Level)

SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPROVING WASTE MANAGEMENT “DEVELOPING 7 OPTIONS”

CONTENTS

Solid Waste Management Project in Myanmar

I. KEITI-WB Joint Pollution Management TA (Technical Assistance) in Myanmar

II. KEITI Feasibility Study for Landfill Gas Flaring and Generator Project in Mandalay

11

BACKGROUND

The feasibility study aims to reduce methane emissions from the FDS in Myanmar, involves the

capture, collection, processing, flaring and generator of landfill gas (LFG)

The main composition, methane(CH4), is a greenhouse gas (GHG) that has a global warming

potential of over 25 times more potential by weight than carbon dioxide (CO2)

Expected Effect Propose Background

K-Myanmar Relationship

Myanmar Environmental

Improvement

Spreading Advanced

Technology in Korea

Reduction of GHG(CDM)

Feasibility Study

* In April 2018, a significant fire broke out in Htein Pin dump site. The smoke from the fire covered 20 townships throughout Yangon and directly threatened 0.8 mil citizens

12

OVERVIEW

Location Overview

Project name Feasibility Study of Landfill Gas Collection and

Flaring Plant for Mandalay City, Myanmar

Project Owner MCDC

MCDC

population 1,726,889 (2014)

Project Scope Installation of Flaring and generator system

(Kyar Ni Kan, Taung Inn Myauk Inn)

Estimated

Cost USD 5,000,000 (1 stage)

Funding

Source BOT Project

F/S Company HANATECH CO., LTD

(with Korea East-West Power company)

F/S Period 2019.05.15 ~ 2019.12.31 (7 month)

Shan State

Yangon

Ayeyarwady Region

Mandalay Region

Mandadalay Region : 7 District

(Kyaukse, Mandalay, Meiktila, Myingyan, Nyaung-U, Pyinoolwin, Yamethin)

13

MCDC FDS FDS Information of Mandalay City

Kyar Ni Kan FDS

• Landfill Area : 7 ha

• Capacity : 500 T/day

• 1 stage (2010.1 ~ 2012.6) : 310,000 Ton

• 2 stage (2013.12 ~ Present) : 1,000,000 Ton

• Expected GHG reductions : 20,000 ~ 25,000 tCO2/year

Taung Inn Myauk Inn FDS

• Landfill Area : 12 ha

• Capacity : 400 T/day

• Started : 2011.2 (1,000,000 Ton)

• Expected GHG reductions : 20,000 ~ 25,000 tCO2/year

Elimination or reduction of explosion and fire hazards, reduction of odor and ground water

pollution, reduction of damage to existing vegetation, improvement of stability of dumpsite

through removal of voids and perched leachate

Reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (40,000 ~ 50,000 tCO2e per year) in Mandalay City

OVERVIEW & EFFECTS

14

PROJECT STRUCTURE

MCDC

Myanmar Government HANATECH Consortium Investment

O & M

HANATECH

Funding Source Project Approval

MONREC

HANATECH (Myanmar Local company)

Local employer

Construction & Engineering

LFG Collection system, Flaring and Generator

CDM Business

Resisted of CDM & Monitoring

EWP

15

PROJECT CONCEPT - Landfill Gas Flaring and Generator System

(Phase 1) Construction of Landfill Gas collection facility

(Phase 2) Landfill Gases were then vacuumed from the landfill to the enclosed flaring system for burning

(Phase 3) Construction of Landfill Gas Generation

(Phase 2) Flaring System (Phase 3) LFG Generator (Phase 1) LFG Collection facility

Phases of the project

16

HISTORY of FEASIBILITY STUDY for the MANDALAY PROJECT

‘17.9 WB ENR GP - MOE, WB ENR GP - KEITI MOU/SOI signing

‘18.6~12 KEITI-WB Myanmar TA (Site survey & Development of option)

‘19.1 Pre Study of Landfill gas Collection and Flaring project

‘19.2.28 HANATECH → MCDC* send to Official Letter

‘19.3.21 MCDC → HANATECH received the LOI (Letter of Interest)

‘19.3.29 EWP** → HANATECH received the LOI

‘19.5.15 Started the FS of Landfill Gas Collection and Flaring for Mandalay City

‘19.5 ~ 10 Site Survey (4 times)

*MCDC : Mandalay City Development Committee **EWP : Korea East-West Power Company

MONREC-WB-KEITI Technical Assistance 1st Workshop (‘18.06)

MONREC-WB-KEITI Technical Assistance Final Workshop (‘18.11)

Meeting with MCDC Mayor (’19.03)

17

FINAL DISPOSAL SITE ANALYSIS (Mandalay : Kyar Ni Kan, Thanung Inn Myoung Inn)

Analysis of the Waste Composition

• Field Measurement : density, Physical composition (Combustible : Food, Paper, wood, rubber, etc)

• (Non-Combustible : metal, glass, etc)

• Laboratory : 3 substances (water, combustible, ash)

• Chemical composition : C, H, O, N, S, Cl

• Calories : high, low, dry

Landfill Gas Sampling well

• Install of Landfill Gas Sampling well (2 Landfill Site)

• Well Size : D100 mm, L 5m (with hole : 3.5m, without hole : 1.5m) • Necessary Equipment : Excavator

or Bulldozer • Measuring : 2 Landfill Site X 9

times = 18 times

Analysis of Landfill Gas

• Analysis Items : CH4, CO2, O2, H2S

• Instrumental analysis through the well collection : Biogas 5000

18

Kyar Ni Kan FDS

19

Thanung Inn Myoung Inn FDS

20

TECHNICAL INFORMATION – ANALYSIS RESULT of this PORJECT SITES

Emission Reductions Waste Composition (‘19.5)

Project name Feasibility Study of Landfill Gas Collection and

Flaring Plant for Mandalay City, Myanmar

Project Participants(s) HANATECH Company

East-West Power Company

Host Party Myanmar

Applied methodology AMS-Ⅲ.G “Landfill Methane Recovery”

(Version 10.0)

Estimated amount of

annual average GHG

emission reductions

40,000 ~ 50,000 tCO2e/y

21

EXPECTED SCHEDULE

ACTIVITY & TASK

2019 2020

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

ACTIVITY 1 MOU (or LoI)

Task 1 MEETING

Task 2 LOI (HANATECH VS MANDALAY)

ACTIVITY 2 FEASIBILITY STUDY

Task 3 PROPOSIDED TO KOREA GOVERNMENT

Task 4 F/S (SITE SURVEY, ANALYSIS, FINANCIAL ETC)

Task 5 DISCUSSION (HANATECH VS MANDALAY)

ACTIVITY 3 SPC

Task 6 PREPARATION AND ESTABLISHMENT OF SPC

Task 7 INVESTMENT

Task 8 DETAILED DESIGN

Task 9 CONSTRUCTION

ACTIVITY 4 O&M

Task 10 OPERATION TEST

Task 11 COMMERCIAL OPERATION (20 year)

ACTIVITY 5 CDM REGISTRATION

Task 12 CDM PREPARATION (PDD, PRIOR CONSIDERATION)

Task 13 LOA (Letter of Agreement) from MONREC

Task 14 Stakeholder Consultation (incl. EIA or EMP)

Task 15 CDM Validation & UNFCCC Approval

WAY FORWARD

Thank you!

Ministry of Natural Resources & Environmental Conservation

Ministry of Environment Republic of Korea

YaeChan JOUNG Associate Researcher / KEITI