Solid Waste

Garbage, Refuse, Sludge

Wastewater Treatment Plant

Water Supply Treatment Plant

Air Pollution Control Facility

Other Discarded Materials

Solid, Liquid, Semi-solid, Contained Gaseous Material

Industries Commercial MiningAgricultural Operations

Community Activities

Control Of Generation

Storage Collection

Transport Or Transfer

ProcessingDisposal Of

Waste Materials

PAPER AUTHOR SUMMARY

Rapid Environmental Impact

Assessment report for

Integrated Municipal Solid

Waste Management

Project at Boragaon site

Guwahati, Assam.

Guwahati Waste Management

Company Private Limited

(GWMCPL) - February 2008.

The Project has two-way

integration – integration of all

aspects of management of

MSW as well as integration of

processing technologies so as to

result into minimum inert to the

disposal site (landfill).

Solid Waste Management in

Guwahati city.

Kavitha Padmanabhan, IAS,

Commissioner, Guwahati

Municipal Corporation.

Issues and practices.

Manual on Municipal Solid

Waste Management.

DR. S.R. SHUKLA, Adviser

(PHEE) C.P.H.E.E.O,

Ministry of Urban

Development, Government of

India- May, 2000, New Delhi.

To assist the personnel involved

in managing the solid waste

generated in the cities/towns of

the country.

PAPER AUTHOR SUMMARY

Municipal Solid Waste Management

study in Guwahati.

Daisy Das, Dept. of Economics,

North Eastern Hill University,

Shillong-793022, Meghalaya.

An attempt has been made in this

article to examine people's willingness

pay to solve the problem.

Municipal Solid Waste Management

and energy recovered from it- A case

study of Guwahati, Assam.

Kuldeep Kaushik, Abhinav

Bhattacharyya, Student, Department

of Civil Engineering, Assam

Engineering College.

The paper critically analyzes a case

study of solid waste management plant

in west Boragaon area of Guwahati

city, its expenditure and benefits reaped

from the solid waste management

system and its future scopes in our

country.

Urban Solid Waste and Health

Implications in Guwahati, Assam

India.

Mahfuza Rahman, Associate

Professor, Cotton College,

Guwahati.

This study has been made in the light of

the fact that we all affect the

environmental health, through our

individual and collective decision. In

this research paper an attempt has been

made to show the vulnerable pockets

within the city, through a series of

maps.

Generation of waste

Waste minimization

Waste removal

Waste transportation

Waste treatment

Recycling and reuse

Storage, collection, transport, and transfer

Treatment

Landfill disposal

Environmental considerations

Financial and marketing aspects

Policy and regulations

Education and training

Planning and implementation

Recycling

Composting

Landfilling

Waste-to-energy

Waste generation Waste handling and sorting, storage and processing at the source Collection Sorting, processing and transformation Transfer and transport Disposal

Reducing and eliminating adverse impacts of waste materials on human health andenvironment to support economic development and superior quality of life. Reduce the public health impacts due to improper solid waste management. To increase the recovery of materials and energy from used solids, by means ofrecycling, composting, waste-to-energy, and, sanitary landfilling with landfill gasutilization.

Household waste is generally classified as municipal waste. Industrial waste as hazardous waste . Biomedical waste or hospital waste as infectious waste.

Figure - Municipal Solid Waste Figure – Hazardous Waste Figure - Hospital Waste

They reduce or prevent green house gas emissions. They reduce the release of pollutants. They help in conserving the resources. They help in saving energy. They reduce the demand for waste treatment technology and landfill space.

A. Thermal Treatment Pictures

a) Incineration - Combustion of waste material in the presence of oxygen.

b) Gasification - Decompose organic waste materials by allowing very low amount of oxygen in the process.

c) Pyrolysis - It uses absolutely no oxygen.

d) Open Burning – Burning waste materials in a way that causes smoke to be released into the open air directly.

B. Dumps and Landfills Pictures

a) Sanitary landfills - Designed to greatly reduce or eliminate the risks posed to the public health and environment.

b) Controlled dumps – Disposal sites that have a planned capacity but no cell planning.

c) Bioreactor Landfills - Uses enhanced microbiological processes to accelerate the decomposition of waste.

C. Biological Waste Treatment Pictures

a) Composting – Controlled aerobic decomposition of organic matter by the action of micro organisms and small invertebrates.

b) Anaerobic Digestion – Uses biological processes to decompose organic waste.

Vermicomposting is a simple biotechnological process of composting, inwhich certain species of earthworms are used to enhance the process ofwaste conversion and produce a better end product.

Figure a- Plastic sheet below the ring

Figure b- Layer of raw material placed on polythene sheet

Figure c- Rock phosphate powder sprinkled on organic matter

Figure d- Cow dung slurry

Figure e- Cement ring sealed with cow dung

Figure f- Earthworms are released near cracks

Biogas means mixture of gases produced by the breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.

Produced by anaerobic digestion with anaerobic bacteria or fermentation of biodegradable materials such as manure, sewage, municipal waste, green waste, plant material, and crops.

Primarily methane and carbon dioxide and may have small amounts of hydrogen sulphide and moisture.

Anaerobic digester that produces biogas from animal wastes or energy crops.

Bacteria within the digester tank breaks down the waste and, as it decomposes, gases such as carbon monoxide, methane, hydrogen, and nitrogen, are released.

Figure - Biogas Plant

ISWM takes an overall approach to creating sustainable systems that areeconomically affordable, socially acceptable and environmentally effective.

System involves the use of a range of different treatment methods, and key tothe functioning of such a system is the collection and sorting of the waste.

Figure - Elements of Integrated Solid Waste Management

Ground water contamination by the leachate generated by the waste dump.

Surface water contamination by the run-off from the waste dump .

Bad odour, pests, rodents and wind-blown litter in and around the wastedump.

Generation of inflammable gas (e.g. methane) within the waste dump.

Bird menace above the waste dump which affects flight of aircraft.

Fires within the waste dump.

Erosion and stability problems relating to slopes of the waste dump.

Epidemics through stray animals.

Acidity to surrounding soil.

Release of green house gas.

STUDY AREA Guwahati - Capital city of Assam and Gateway to the North-east.

Geographical location of Guwahati city - 26°5´ N to 26°12´ N latitude and 91°34´ E to91°54´ E longitude).

Population – 12 lac (including floating population).

216.67 sq. Km is covered under GMC area.

2.5 lac Households in GMC area.

Figure - An aerial view of Guwahati City

During the study, various solid waste types are collected and differentiated asbiodegradable, plastic, glass and metal waste and accordingly compiled the totalgeneration; which is contributing as 57%, 1%, 14% and 28% respectably in the totalwaste generation scenario.

Figure - Pie- chart of the generation of different Solid waste types in the Guwahati city.

SL

NO.

SOURCE UNIT GENERATE/DAY TOTAL WASTE ,TONS/DAY

1 Domestic Sources 2.66 kg/household 490.64

2 Markets 3.0 kg/unit 4.72

3 Commercial

Establishments

1.62 kg/unit 62.97

4 Hotels & Restaurants 83.89 kg/unit 11.4

5 Schools and Institutions 2.5 kg/unit 2.5

6 Street Sweeping and

Drain Cleanings

- 48.00

7 Others - 6.61

8 Total waste generated,

tons/day

- 626.84

Recyclable plastic (RP) - Plastic carry bags, glasses, bottles, etc. Non-recyclable plastic (NRP) - Multi layered plastic pouch pack, package,Aluminum foil, etc.

Figure - The proportion of RP and NRP in the roadside drain (in kg per 5 kg of sample)

Present scenario of solid waste with special reference to plastic and other non-biodegradable solid waste and its management for the sustainable urban poordevelopment in Guwahati city, Assam, India by Amarjyoti, Jatin, Sarbeswar andKripaljyoti .

Present scenario of solid waste with special reference to plastic and other non-biodegradable solid waste and its management for the sustainable urban poordevelopment in Guwahati city, Assam, India by Amarjyoti, Jatin, Sarbeswarand Kripaljyoti .

A.YEAR 2006-2007

Guwahati Municipal Corporation (GMC) is the only authority for the entire solid wastemanagement of Guwahati.

Status of Municipal Solid Waste Management

SL. NO. PARAMETER DESCRIPTION

1 Total no. of wards 60

2 Total no. of dustbin 260

3 Total collection of solid waste 3,00,000 kg

4 Total no. of workers 700

5 Total no. of Carriers(Truck) 46

6 Expenditure for carrier 19 lakhs

7 Expenditure on bioremediation 1.5 lakhs

8 Place of landfill Sasal and Pachim Boragaon

CHARACTERISTICS OF SOLID WASTE GENERATED FROM GUWAHATI CITYAND FEASIBILITY SOLUTIONS FOR ITS MANAGEMENT by Dr. AjayKalamdhad, IIT Guwahati

CHARACTERISTICS OF SOLID WASTE GENERATED FROM GUWAHATI CITY AND FEASIBILITY SOLUTIONS FOR ITS MANAGEMENT by Dr.Ajay Kalamdhad, IIT Guwahati

B.YEAR-2007-2008

Pilot Project of Integrated Solid Waste Management in Guwahati under JNNURM.

Under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission, a pilot project ofintegrated solid waste collection programme was conducted in ward No.33, 34, 35, 37and 38 of Guwahati city.

The scope of integrated waste collection system were includes door-to-doorsegregated solid waste collection, street sweeping and drain cleaning activities in theselected area.

C.YEAR-2008-2010

Integrated Solid Waste Management Project in Guwahati under JNNURM

After the study following salient features of the project are observed –

The Government of Assam has allotted 120 bighas of land at West Boragaon toGuwahati Municipal Corporation for solid Waste Management Project.

The Project will operate under the Public Private Partnership (PPP) model.

It is housed in Guwahati Waste Management Company Private Limited (GWMCPL).

It involves initially as many as 11 NGOs for all the 60 wards of the city.

D.YEAR-2009-2010

From 1st December,2009 a pilot project on door to door collection of non-biodegradable solid waste is operating by an NGO as sponsored by the GuwahatiMunicipal Corporation .

Major objective of the project is to develop the concept of source segregationof biodegradable and non biodegradable solid waste.

SL. NO. NAME NUMBERS

1. NGOs 17

2. Cart Puller 550

3. NGOs Super Visors 60

4. Drivers 86

5. Super Visors 12

6. Head Super Visors 02

PARAMETER DESCRIPTION

Ward 55 & 59

Activities Door to door collection of segregated non-

biodegradable solid waste

Equipments Specially designed Tri Cycle 2 Nos.

No. of waste collectors 02

Duration Continuing as a self sustainable project

SL NO. ACTIVITY TIME SCHEDULE

1 Daily Door to Door collection of MSW

from Various Households and commercial

establishments

6 am to 8 am

5 pm to 9 pm

2 Daily Street Sweeping

Lanes Arterial Road and Sub-Arterial

roads, markets, other than specified.

Footpaths, public places

Daily

3 Markets 5:30 am to 11:30 am

2 pm to 5 pm

4 Night sweeping for Selected roads/Areas After 8 pm

SITE LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION-

The Boragaon area site has been earmarked by the Government of Assam forthe MSW disposal.

The proposed site is 12 kms away from city centre.

Variable topography is observed in the area.

The coordinates of the proposed site are:

Latitude: 26° 06.872’’ N

Longitude: 91°40.896 ’’E

Site Elevation: 46.9m above MSL

ACTIVITIES TAKING PLACE IN WEST BORAGAON-

Landfilling

Segregation

Open Burning

Recycling

Generation of artificial manure

After facing public protest for making Sasal a permanent garbage dumping site,

along the VIP Road between Six Mile and Narengi army cantonment, the Gauhati

Municipal Corporation (GMC) has started scouting for three fresh sites.

The R.G. Baruah College at Fatasil Ambari to use the vacant low-lying college

field as the new site for dumping garbage. And other two sites are yet to be

selected. (April 25,2004-The Telegraph).

The Guwahati Municipal Corporation's ambitious Rs-16 crore solid waste

management project is likely to run aground for want of a suitable plot within its

jurisdiction( November 3,2004-The Telegraph)

Due to the protests from the local residents of the Lokhra, the site has to be

shifted to Sasal near the express highway which will also cause problem in the

form of water logging.

The Guwahati Municipal Corporation (GMC) has shifted its garbage disposal

site to Garchuk from Sasal following intense public pressure(September 2,

2006).

A team of the Pollution Control Board, Assam (PCBA) that visited the

Garchuk site on August 25 to witness the dumping of garbage in gross violation

of environmental norms by the GMC.

The decision of the GMC was made in response of a Gauhati High Court

order directing the Corporation to shift its dumping site from Sasal by July 7

following a controversy. The new site now chosen is Boragaon which is an

integral part of the wetland and dumping began here from July 7.

Waste disposal process at West Boragaon opposed. GMC dump blamed for fish deaths in Deepor Beel. Flash flood, water logging to worsen.

Municipal solid waste disposal: a case study in Guwahati city to mitigate the man made disaster by Dr. Lakhimi Gogoi

DESIGNATION OF THE FOLLOWING -System improvement. Timing and priorities of intended action. Who should act (i.e. agency, department). Estimated costs. Problems that will be solved.

PROCEDURES FOR ACCOMPLISHMENT AND A SCHEDULE OF INITIATION OF THIS ACTION – Establishment of solid waste management operating departments and identifying its jurisdictions. Recruitment, selection and hiring of solid waste management operating personnel. Human resources development programme. Technical assistance to operating units. Provisions for inspection and enforcement. Licensing of facilities. Framing legislation, amendments to rules and regulations. Development of budgeting procedures, financing, cost-effectiveness, special charge features and other operating management features.

Solid waste is a problem that must be properly managed otherwise its ill effects may

cause harmful problems to both human health and the natural environment.

Solid waste management in India is an emerging and engaging area of study. Solid

waste should be managed through a number of activities—waste prevention, recycling,

composting, controlled burning, or landfilling .

Our project which is conducted on solid waste management in Guwahati city enabled

us to learn about the management procedures and the techniques used in Guwahati for

managing the city’s solid waste.

In Guwahati, there are no recycling units in the vicinity of the dumping ground and the

recycling business is running in an unorganized manner.

Due to the lack of willingness and lack of awareness about the ill effects of solid waste

management among the citizens of Guwahati, many planned projects which have been

proposed by the government has been put to hold leading to unscientific and

unmanageable technique of solid waste management.

URBAN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT OF GUWAHATI CITY IN NORTH-EAST INDIA

Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment report for Integrated Municipal Solid WasteManagement Project at Boragaon site Guwahati, Assam by - Guwahati WasteManagement Company Private Limited (GWMCPL) - February 2008.

Solid Waste Management in Guwahati city by - Kavitha Padmanabhan, IAS,Commissioner, Guwahati Municipal Corporation.

Manual on Municipal Solid Waste Management by - DR. S.R. SHUKLA, Adviser (PHEE)C.P.H.E.E.O, Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India- May, 2000, NewDelhi.

http://recycling.about.com/od/Solid-Waste-Management/

http://swapsushias.blogspot.in/2010/12/solid-waste-management-inindia.html#.VDqULGeSwsA

http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-solid-waste-management.htm

http://recycling.about.com/od/Solid-Waste-Management/fl/An-Introduction-to-Solid-Waste-Management.htm

http://recycling.about.com/od/Solid-Waste-Management/fl/Waste-Treatment-and-Disposal-Methods.htm

http://www.dec.ny.gov/chemical/8732.html

http://www.ilo.org/oshenc/part-vii/environmental-pollution-control/item/514-solid-waste-management-and-recycling

http://www.epa.gov/wastes/nonhaz/municipal/dmg2/

Municipal Solid Waste Management study in Guwahati by - Daisy Das, Dept. ofEconomics, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong-793022, Meghalaya.

Municipal Solid Waste Management and energy recovered from it- A case study ofGuwahati, Assam by - Kuldeep Kaushik, Abhinav Bhattacharyya, Student, Departmentof Civil Engineering, Assam Engineering College.

Urban Solid Waste and Health Implications in Guwahati, Assam India by - MahfuzaRahman, Associate Professor, Cotton College, Guwahati.

Environmental audit of Municipal Solid Waste Management by - T.V. Ramachandraand Shruthi Bachamanda, Energy and Wetlands Research Group, Centre for EcologicalSciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India.

Residual effect of garbage disposal site in Guwahati, Assam by - Bijoya Choudhury& Amalesh Dutta, Department of Zoology, Gauhati University.

Municipal solid waste disposal: a case study in Guwahati city to mitigate the man-made disaster by - Dr. Lakhimi Gogoi Geography Department, Narangi AnchalikMahavidyalaya, Assam, India.

Analysis of municipal solid waste and its management practice by - A J Kashyap,Jatin Kalita and Sarbeshwar Kalita, Gauhati University.

Present scenario of solid waste with special reference to plastic and other non-biodegradable solid waste and its management for the sustainable urban poordevelopment in Guwahati city, Assam, India by - Amarjyoti Kashyap, Jatin Kalita,Sarbeshwar Kalita and Kripaljyoti Mazumdar, Gauhati University.

Characteristics of solid waste generated from Guwahati city and feasibility solutionfor its management by - Dr. Ajay Kalamdhad, Assistant professor, Department ofCivil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati.

Improvised segregation of recyclable materials in Guwahati City, India by - PradipBaishya1 and Dimbendra Kumar Mahanta, Mechanical Engineering Department,Assam Engineering College, Guwahati, India.