Action Plan

for

Management of MSW

# About 0.1 million tonnes of municipal solid waste is generated in India every day. That is approximately 36.5 million tonnes annually.

# Per capita waste generation in major Indian cities ranges from 0.2 Kg to 0.6 Kg.

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Really Needed ?The Hon’ble Supreme Court order dated 4.10.2004 directed for preparation of Action Plans by local bodies of 35 metrocities and 24 State Capitals.

• Pursuant to the order, CPCB interacted with SPCBs to get the action plans prepared from these.

• Local bodies have taken initiatives to prepare Action Plan for management of MSW.

Implementation StrategyMSW Rules

Within the cityCollectionSegregationStorageTransportation---------------------------------Municipality--------------------------------Re-organise/re-structure/re- orient- on-going efforts{ Schedule II }

Outside City LimitProcessingDisposal

-------------------------------------Private Entrepreneur‘Operator of facility’

{ Schedule III & IV}

Situation Analysis• Data Collection (Primary/Secondary)• Field studies (Qty/Characterization)• Targeted Development, Upgradation and

Renovation of facilities—growing backlog

• Project-wise approach—strategy formulation, Prioritized Action Plan with DPR

• Public Private Partnership-participatory approach

Create

Awareness

• For segregation at house-hold level• Waste minimisation…..etc.• Community initiatives (composting….)

Through Schools…..

Sorting of organic waste & inorganic waste

For Women Groups…

Sorting of organic waste & inorganic waste

For MSW Workers….

Create System

(MSWM System)

DOORSTEP COLLECTION OF BIODEGRADABLE WASTE

EVERYDAY & RECYCLABLE WASTE ONCE IN A WEEK OR ALTERNATE DAYS

Whistle system of garbage collection

Pole Bins for Footpath Dwellers

Sahaj Safai Kendra (Chandigarh)

Capacity Building/Institutional/ R & D Aspects

•Technical / Financial strengthening of ULBs.

•Separate MSWM Cell in ULB (Engr. in charge)

•Incentive scheme for staff to attract competitive spirit

•Surveillance System/Grievance Cell

•Decentralized waste mgt.

•Scientific & Environment friendly Recycling

•Develop & Implement cost effective technologies not dependent on power supply

•Indigenous machinery/technology to suit Indian/local conditions (large cities-O&M high due to high Quantity)

•Augmentation of Existing Infrastructure(tools/vehicles..)

•Human Resource Development

Implementation of MSW Rules, 2000

Contd…

Sl Parameters Suggested Measures as per MSW Rules, 2000

1. Collection and storage of waste;

• Prohibition of littering and facilitate compliance

• Introduction of spot fining system• Provide containers/storage bins with a capacity

based on population served & qty of waste/day• Organise house to house collection system on

regular pre-informed timings• Adoption of appropriate source specific collection

system for areas such as slums, hotels, restaurants, office complexes and commercial areas

• Provide containerized manual driven cart or small vehicles for waste transfer

• Provide separate collection for horticultural/debris• Waste shall not be burnt

2. Wastes from slaughter houses, meat and fish markets

• Separate collection system, quick removal and waste processing

3. Segregation of MSW • Awareness program by municipal agencies, community participation, involvement of NGO’s representatives of local resident welfare association

Contd…

4 Transportation of MSW • Vehicle design shall be such that multiple manual handling is prevented

5. Processing of MSW • Provide appropriate biological processing i.e. composting, vermicomposting, anaerobic digestion for stabilization of waste. The product shall comply with standards specified by CPCB.

• Incineration with or without energy recovery including pelletisation as per AAQ standards 1987 laid down by CPCB

6. Disposal of MSW 

• Restrict disposal of non-biodegradable waste and other wastes

• Landfilling shall be done by adopting proper norm (earth cover)

7. Selection of landfill site and its location

• Environmental issues• Necessity of clearance from the concerned organisation• Landfill site should be away from habitation clusters,

forest areas, water bodies, monuments, national parks, airport, etc.

8. Disposal of biomedical waste

• Disposal as per Biomedical Waste Regulations

9. Period of landfill • Long term use

10.

Development of Buffer Zone

• A buffer zone should be located around the landfill site

11.

Facilities at Landfill Site

                   I.      Fencing of landfill site                II.      Preventing entry of animals             III.      Approach for internal roads to the landfill            IV.      Weighing of waste               V.      Sanitary landfill should be developed and operated            VI.      Prevention of pollution at landfill

• Fencing to be provided• Prevention of entry of unauthorized persons and

animals to the landfill site• Approach road at landfill to be provided• Weigh bridge facility and weighing should be

carried out regularly• Compaction of waste and earth cover• Measures for pollution control should be adopted

viz., liners, appropriate drainage, leachate collection and treatment etc.

Initiation of house to house collection systemAdoption of large variety of community bins in cities having community bin systemAdoption of front end loaders for mechanical lifting of waste at open collection spotsAdoption of source specific collection systemEmphasis on segregation of dry and wet waste at sourceIntroduction of spot fining systemEnsuring minimum manual handling of wasteProvision of closed containers at various locations

Replacement of older vehicles by newer oneEmphasis on optimization for routing of vehiclesSeparate vehicle for transportation of slaughter house wastePreventive maintenance of transportation vehicles periodicallyProvision of sheds for parking of transportation vehicles

Conducting awareness program on use of compostProviding appropriate testing facility for assessing quality of compost

Emphasis on improvement of existing disposal site keeping in view of MSW Handling RulesAvoiding open disposal of MSWCreation of sanitary landfillsSelection of landfill site as per the guidelines of CPCB/NEERI

Monitoring of management of hazardous wastes in keeping with the legislationAdoption of separate treatment and disposal facilities for hazardous wastes

Bio-medical WasteDiscontinuing the mixing of biomedical waste with the MSWEnsuring proper segregation of various categories of biomedical waste as also treatment and disposal of these wastes as per legislationStrict compliance on adoption of protective devices such as gumboots, hand gloves, and masks, etc.Provision of medical facility to workers Establishment of separate healthcare center for workers

Collection

Transportation

Processing

Disposal

Industrial Waste Management

Biomedical Waste Management

SWM Activity

Indicative Action Plan for MSWM

Recommended Collection and Storage, Transportation, and Disposal Practices in Metro, Class I Cities and State Capitals

Type Collection and Storage Transportation Disposal

Metro, Class I Cities/State Capitals

High, Medium and Low Population Density

Segregation of waste into dry and wet at source should be adoptedLong handled brooms should be provided to the workers for conveniently sweeping the roads and lanesSweepers should be allotted at least 300 meters road length in areas of high population density, 500-600 m in medium population density and 750 m in low population density and may vary depending upon local conditionsTricycles/handcarts with bell ringing sysem with a provision of 4 Nos. 50 lit capacity plastic container for house to house collection should be providedPublic awareness and participation campaign should be carried out. In addition NGO’s should be involved in collection of wasteMS bin/containers of 4.5 cum capacity at suitable location should be provided. These containers need to be hoisted with dumper placer

Dumper placer should be used where MS containers of 4.5 cum capacity are used for collectionFront end loader and tipper trucks can be used were open dalaos, vats, open collection spots exist. However, open dalaos and vats as also open collection spots should be gradually phased outTipper trucks should be covered or closed type tipper truck with waste loading and uploading facilityOrdinary trucks/tractor trailors used should be covered by tarpaulinVehicles more than 7 years old should be replaced by newer ones

At least one bulldozer for SW quantity 200 TPD and small compactor for quantity less than 200TPD should be provided for spreading and compaction of waste Daily soil cover of 10 cm thickness and intermediate cover of 40 cm thickness should be providedWhile developing SLF, the final cover system should comprise a clay layer of 60 cm thickness, drainage layer of 15 cm thickness and cover of vegetation of 45 cm thickness at the top. This system minimizes infiltration of leachate and erosionWater sprinkling over the deposited waste should be practised to reduce dust

vivii

If the width of road is small, closed MS container of 1 cum capacity should be provided. The waste will be transferred to the vehicles from the container. As the process involves multiple handling of waste, it should be adopted in specific casesIt is preferable to engage 2 workers making a group during sweeping. Each group needs to be provided with metal tray, brooms and plastic container of 30-50 liters capacitySweeping staff should be provided with protective gadgets like mask, gloves, gum boots etc.Open collection spots should be removed and replaced by closed containersOpen dalaos/vats should be phased out gradually and should be replaced by closed ones or closed containersShopping complexes, business and commercial areas separate containers of 50-100 lit. capacity should be provided and directly emptied into 4.5 cum capacity storage containersThere should be separate collection system for silt from the drains and slaughter houses

Routine and preventive maintaince of the vehicles should be carried out for vehicles used for SW transportationProper garage shed for parking should be provided for vehiclesBreakdown and major repairs should be carried out in central workshop with provision of adequate inventory of spare parts

A combination of HDPE (1.5 mm thick) and clay liner (90 cm thick) should be provided at the site

Slum Areas

16 lit capacity bins should be provided to the individual house to store the waste for 24 hrs.The waste collected from the slum area can be transferred to community bins located at nearby areaSmall handcarts should be provided to the workers for slum areas

As the slum area are inaccessible, waste needs to be transferred using small vehicles/tricycles which will transfer the waste to large sized container located long road side

Same as above

Hilly Areas

Due to narrow width of road MS containers of 1 cum capacity should be usedDue to undulating road condition, conventional handcarts are not suitable. It is better to use auto type vehicle for waste collection purpose

Vehicle of shorter turning radius should be used

Same as aboveRetaining wall should be constructed to prevent waste sliding down to deep valley in case disposal site is adjascent to valley

Thrust of Implementation

Schedule-III

- Improvement in existing landfill sites

- Identification of new landfill sites for future use.

Schedule-IV

Setting up of waste processing facilities with the adoption of appropriate technology

Waste Processing Technologies (Schedule-IV)

Accepted Technologies (may not require specific approval of CPCB;)

Composting Vermi-composting Anaerobic digestion Incineration Pelletisation

Other Possibilities…..

• Co-incineration in Cement Kilns etc.• Methane Capturing for CDM• ………….PLASMAGASIFICATION• ………….

Tasks for SPCBs/PCCs

• Monitoring compliance of specified standards regarding GW, ambient air, leachate, compost & incineration

• Selection of Waste Processing technologies• Selection of landfill sites, O & M of sites• Grant Authorization for setting up of processing

and disposal (landfills)• Forwarding Annual Report to CPCB regarding

implementation of Rule by 15th September every year.

• Management of accidents• State level monitoring committee• Studies to back up Rules

Contd……..

• Strengthen laboratories for monitoring WP/WD facilities.

• Directory on expertise available (DPR,WP, WD, Equipment manufacturers)

• Inventorizations of cities/towns in State/UT for assessing status of MSWM

• Guiding ULBs to fill Form-II (AR) for sending regularly to SPCBs

• State level ‘Advisory Group’ to assist local bodies for selection of appropriate WP technologies, identification of sites and operation of landfills.

• Immediate Attention-prohibit burning of waste, regulating movement of stray cattles and seeking participation of Public and NGOs for promoting segregation of waste at source and door-step collection of waste.

Time Bound Action Plan

• Prepare time-bound action plans for cities/towns having population > 20000 and 50,000(Priortization) Action Plans to indicate requirements (physical and financial) for each activity (CSSTPD)

• Training programmes for ULBs (at all levels-state/regional) through Municipal Administration/ State Institute)-creating trg.facilities

• Mass awareness programme (jointly with ULBs)• Undertake inventorization of cities/ towns for

assessing status of Solid Waste Management

• Prepare a DPR for one city/ town and getting such DPRs prepared for all cities/ towns in the State.

• Set up one model facility in the State• Directions under Section 5 of EPA to ULBs-

to submit time bound action plans for implementation of Rules-?-States/UTs to issue directions for ULBs with population > 20,000, >50,000

Proposed approach for implementation

> 100 t/d < 100 t/d

Authorization To be issued on priority (within six months)

To be phased out by bigger States and to be essentially covered by smaller States (within six months)

Compliance with Schedule-II Collection & segregation of waste

Local bodies to design system in three months and launch within six months

Local bodies to design system in three months and launch within six months

Storage of waste

Phase-out conventional bin system and replacing with mobile bins. Alternative systems considering site specific needs to be worked out (in six months)

- May continue with conventional bin system for time being.- Propose for modernisation/ improvement in existing system (within 12 months)

Contd…

>100 t/d < 100 t/d

Transportation of waste

Different types of waste transportation vehicles be used to comply with norms specified in the Rules. Transportation of waste could be contracted out. Collection/ clearing efficiency to be almost 80% per day (within 12 months)

Conventional system of vehicles/ including local system be used. Collection efficiency upto 80% to be achieved. (within 12 months)

Waste Processing

• Combination of technologies could be attempted (composting anaerobic digestion, Pelletisation and energy recovery etc.) • Waste Processing plants to be set up at the earliest (Schedule-I)

• Biological processes be preferred.

• Setting up of facilities to be prioritised.

> 100 t/d < 100 t/d

Waste Disposal

• Existing landfill sites to be improved (Schedule-VI)

• New landfill sites to be identified for operation (Schedule-III)

• Simpler designs to be worked out.

• Designs required for Hilly towns.

MODEL FACILITY

Objectives• To set up model facilities on demonstration basis for

implementation of the MSWRules, 2000.• To document the entire scheme from implementation

to its commissioning and assessing the actual performance.

• To share the information for dissemination to other local bodies in the state and at national level.

• To build up capabilities of local bodies including management of internal resources, which is expected to improve with better service delivery.

• Set up model facilities (demo-basis) for at least one town in each State/UT.

• Towns having population > 50,000 to 2.0 lakh and waste generation upto 100 tones are preferred.

• The proposal would be cost sharing basis (50:50)

• DPR to be prepared by ULB (CPCB-indicative format for preparation of DPR).

• Detailed MoU to be signed by concerned SPCB, local body and CPCB

• Scheme to be operated through SPCB.

Recycling and Resource Recovery

• Plastics/Glass….etc• C & D Wastes• Energy Generation• Composting• …………….• …………….

Application of MSW compost

Heavy metals emanating from the MSW compost and sewage sludge is found to be well below the critical level even after 3 years experiments

Application of MSW compost (bio organic premium organic fertilizer) is most beneficial

Application of compost has increased the macro and micronutrient status of the soil as well the organic carbon

Future Studies-*Long-term studies*Effects on soil flora and fauna*Confirming suitability on food crops*Experiments on different soil types and crops

Need:-Testing, Easy Distribution Network, Awareness creation

* CPCB/IARI studies on characterization of compost quality& its application on agricultural crops. 7 compost plants studied for characterization of compost quality. Studies indicated:

* Av concentration of heavy metals in the raw waste that was fed to the various compost plants were--Lead (47 to 185 mg per kg), Nickel (36-63 mg/kg) Cadmium (1.5 to 6.5 mg/kg) Mercury(0.01 and 0.23 mg/kg)

• Finished Compost-Pb; 108-203 mg/kg; Ni- 8-80 mg/kg; Cd-3.8-12.4 mg/kg and Hg – 0.01-0.31 mg/kg.

• Growth attributes of wheat/ maize and vegetable crops viz., plant height, number of cobs/tillers/m2, dry matter production and leaf area index, were increased due to supply of nitrogen through usage of bio organic fertilizer

• MoUD- Report of Interministrial Task Force on Integrated Plant Nutrient Management using City Compost (constituted,March,2003, SC Direction)

Utilization of Grants under 12th Finance Commission

* 12th FC recommended grants of Rs.5000 Crores to ULBs for the period 2005-2010 of which Rs.2500 Crores have to be devolved upon exclusively for setting-up of solid waste management systems in Urban areas to ensure management of MSW in accordance with MSW Rules. MoUD on 6th October, 2005 has circulated guidelines for preparation of DPRs and selection of technologies for processing and final disposal of MSW for different categories of towns for the benefit of State Government/ Local bodies. The emphasis has also been given to implement various activities of solid waste system through private sector participation.

• 28 State Governments and SPCBs may initiate the process for utilizing the grants and set-up appropriate committees/ technical institutions to guide local bodies in preparing DPR for cities and towns.

• Total capital investment estimated by MoUD for 423 class-I towns is as under:

Capital Investment (Rs. in Millions)

*Equipment and vehicles -3864.43

*Composting of waste -10012.35

*Landfill development -10568.83

S.No States Panchayats Municipalities

    Percent (Rs.crore) Per cent (Rs.crore)

1 Andhra Pradesh 7.935 1587.00 7.480 374.0

2. Aruanchal Pradesh 0.340 68.0 0.060 3.0

3 Assam 2.630 526.0 1.100 55.00

4 Bihar 8.120 1624.0 2.840 142.0

5 Chhattisgarh 3.075 615.0 1.760 88.00

6 Goa 0.090 18.00 0.240 12.0

7 Gujarat 4.655 931.0 8.280 414.0

8 Haryana 1.940 388.0 1.820 91.0

9 Himachal Pradesh 0.735 147.0 0.160 8.0

10 Jammu & Kashmir 1.405 281.0 0.760 38.0

11 Jharkhand 2.410 482.0 1.960 98.0

12 Karnataka 4.440 888.00 6.460 323.0

13 Kerala 4.925 985.0 2.980 149.0

14 Madhya Pradesh 8.315 1663.0 7.220 361.0

15 Maharashtra 9.915 1983.0 15.820 791.0

16 Manipur 0.230 46.0 0.180 9.00

17 Meghalaya 0.250 50.0 0.160 8.0

18 Mizoram 0.100 20.0 0.200 10.0

19 Nagland 0.200 40.0 0.120 6.00

20 Orissa 4.015 803.0 2.080 104.0

21 Punjab 1.620 324.0 3.420 171.0

22 Rajasthan 6.150 1230.0 4.400 220.0

23 Sikkim 0.065 13.00 0.020 1.00

24 Tamil Nadu 4.350 870.0 11.440 572.0

25 Tripura 0.285 57.0 0.160 8.0

26 Uttar Pradesh 14.640 2928.0 10.340 517.0

27 Uttaranchal 0.810 162.0 0.680 34.0

28 West Bengal 6.355 1271.0 7.860 393.0

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