Solid Waste Management (1)

8/8/2019 Solid Waste Management (1)

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SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

Solid Waste Management

Ahmad I. Al-GhamdiMSc. Energy & Environment Engineering

Environmental Management Department

KPIZ-CONTRACT NO. 1000-203

Al Jaber-GIS JV / Page Europa


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OBJECTIVES

1. To define solid wastes and solid wastemanagement

2. To detail the general categories, types andsources of solid wastes

3. To illustrate the situation regarding solid wastedisposal in the world

4. To explain the waste hierarchy of SWM5. To refer to the objectives of SWM

6. To enumerate and explain the elements of SWM


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SOLID WASTE

Definition:

All wastes arising from human & animal activities

that are normally solid & that are discarded asuseless or unwanted.

Three General Categories:

1. Municipal wastes2. Industrial wastes

3. Hazardous wastes


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MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTES

1. Food wastes or Garbage

2. Rubbish : paper, cardboard, plastic,textiles, rubber, leather, wood,

glass, cans, metals3. Ashes & residues: materials

remaining from the burning of wood,coal & other combustible wastes

4. Demolition & construction wastes:

stone, concrete, brick, lumber,plumbing, heating & electrical parts


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MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTES

Special wastes: street sweepings, roadside litter,

dead animals, abandoned vehicles, discarded

appliances


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INDUSTRIAL WASTES

1. Wastes arising from industrial activities and

typically include rubbish, ashes, demolition

and construction wastes, special wastes and

hazardous wastes.

2. Can include treatment plant wastes


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HAZARDOUS WASTES

Wastes that pose a substantialdanger immediately or over aperiod of time to human, plant &

animal life Wastes which exhibit any of the

following

1. Ignitability

2. Corrosivity

3. Reactivity

4. Toxicity


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TYPES & SOURCES OF SOLID

WASTES

1. Household wastes

2. Commercial & industrial wastes

3. Farm & agricultural wastes4. Institutional wastes

5. Miscellaneous & special wastes

sludge from water & waste water, ash fromincinerators, street sweepings, demolition,

constructions


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SITUATION

Problems associated with solid waste disposal:

1. Burning of solid wastes destroys the fertility of thesoil

2. Pollution of water and food resources

3. Exposure to smoke & fumes from burning wastesincreases their risk of developing respiratorydiseases

4. Solid wastes become breeding sites of diseasevectors


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SITUATION

1997 means of solid waste disposal by house holdnationwide included the following:

1. Individual burning 48%.

2. Municipal garbage collection 30%.

3. Open dumping 6%.

4. Burying 5%.

5. Composting 4%.6. others 7%

Source: Solid Waste Management Bureau


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SITUATION

1. Mostly each society generate more than 2

million tons of potentially recyclable materials

75% of that is Plastic which is the most

common material recycled followed by metal,

paper and glass

2. The minimum of 6,700 tons of garbage daily

produced in most capital city around theworlds.


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SITUATION

sources of wastes are:

1. households 74%

2. shops markets 16.11%3. restaurants 7.5%

4. institutions 0.8%

5. street sweepings and river clean-up 0.18%


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Definition:

organized system of suitable technologies and

mechanisms involved in the generation,collection, storage and processing, transfer &

transport , and disposal of solid wastes at the

lowest possible cost and risk to the health of the

people and their environment.


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Such management plan need a systematicprocedure to be followed:

1. The reduction of wastes to extend the

serviceability of final disposal sites.

2. Reduction of wastes generated at the source

3. Improvement of collection efficiency

4. The provision of safe, environmentally friendly& acceptable way of disposing waste collectedfrom source.


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Waste Hierarchy which Refers to an orderedsequence of initiatives that can be used toidentify steps in addressing the amount ofwaste produced by society.

Waste control steps

1. Reduce

2. Re-use

3. Recovery4. Recycling

5. Disposal

Reduce

Re- Use

RecoverRecycle

Dispose


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On-Site Storage Containers for on-site storage should meet the followingrequirements:

1. Provided with fitting covers to prevent access to flies and rodents

2. Sufficient in size or number to store all the wastes between collection

3. Made of water-proof material

4. Small enough to be carried easily when filled with wastes5. Accessible to the collector, not subject to flooding & located away from

food storage

6. Colure cods of trash containers:

Red=hazardous

Blue=metals

Green=paper

Yellow=glass

Gray plastic

Black=general/food


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Processing Techniques

1. Mechanical volume reduction

Compaction

Balling of papers for recycling

Used to increase the life of landfills

2. Thermal volume reduction

Incineration can reduce the volume of wastes by morethan 67%

Generation of toxic air pollutants: dioxins and furans


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PROCESSING TECHNIQUES

3. Manual component separation

Can be accomplished at the source, transfer

stations, centralized processingstations or disposal sites

Materials to be sorted or salvaged are:

cardboard & high quality paper, newsprint,

aluminum cans, glass, iron metals


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DISPOSING

1. Liners a system of clay or geosynthetic

membranes used to contain the Leachate

and to prevent contaminant flow to

groundwater

2. Leachate collection & treatment system

installation of pipes at the low areas of the liner to

collect leachate for storage & eventual treatment& discharge


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WHAT IS LEACHATE

o Leachate is the liquid that drains or 'leaches'

from a landfill; it varies widely in composition

regarding the age of the landfill and the type of

waste that it contains. It can usually contain

both dissolved and suspended material

o Material that pollutes water as it seeps through

solid waste


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DISPOSING

3. Gas control recovery system

series of vertical pipes or horizontal trenches

containing permeable materials and perforated piping

to collect gas for treatment of use as an energy source.

4. Groundwater monitoring system takes water

samples representative of ground water quality.

5. Cover 2 forms of cover consisting ofsoil & geosynthetic materials to protect

the waste materials


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SUMMARY

We have discussed:

1. Definition of solid waste and solid wastemanagement

2. Three general categories, types and sources ofsolid waste

3. Situation regarding solid waste disposal

4.

Waste hierarchy5. Objectives of solid waste management

6. Elements of SWM


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Any Questions


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THANK YOU

Solid Waste Management (1)

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