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LEADPOISONEDWATERCRISISINFLINT,MICHIGAN

2014

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DEFININGTHEPROBLEM?

ACRISISACCORDINGTODICTIONARY.COMIS,ACONDITIONOFINS

ORDANGER,ASINSOCIAL,ECONOMIC,POLITICAL,ORINTERNATIO

AFFAIRS,LEADINGTOADECISIVECHANGE.

NEARLYTWOYEARSAGO,THESTATEDECIDEDTOSAVEMONEYBY

SWITCHINGFLINT'SWATERSUPPLYFROMLAKEHURON.

HOWDIDTHERESIDENTSREACT?

HOWDIDITAFFECTTHEM?

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WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF LEAD

LEADISATOXICHEAVYMETALWHICHCANBETRANSPORTEDINW

EVENBYAIR.

ITMAYCAUSESANEMIA,ANDMENTALRETARDATION

LEADISFIXEDBYPLANTSANDANIMALSANDRE-CONTAMINATETHE

CHAIN.(RODRIGUE,2016).

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THE RISK AT HAND

FROMTHISSITUATIONITISCLEAR

THATTHEMICHIGANPOPULATIONWASATRISK.

LEGALPROTOCOLSWHERENOT

FOLLOWEDINDOINGTHERISK

ASSESSMENT

ITTOOKYEARSFORANYTHROUGH

RISKMANAGEMENTTOBEPUTINPLACE

GOVERNMENTOFFICIALSEVENTUALLY

ACCEPTEDTHEIRERRORSTHROUGH

RISKCOMMUNICATION

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A VIDEO ASSESSING THE FLINT CRISIS!

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THE VULNERABLE GROUPS IMPACTED

WHILETHEENTIRESTATEISATRISK;THEREARESOMEINTHISPOPU

WHOARELIABLETOSUFFERMORE.GROUPSSUCHAS:PREGNANTW

CHILDREN,THEAGED.

LEADISAPOTENTNEUROTOXIN,ANDCHILDHOODLEADPOISONIN

IMPACTONMANYDEVELOPMENTALANDBIOLOGICALPROCESSES

ATTISHA &LACHANCE ETAL,2016).

PREGNANCYITSELFISANIMPORTANTANDUNIQUEPERIODOFAW

LIFEDURINGWHICHTHEREISHIGHSENSITIVITYTOTOXICSUBSTA

(OTEBHI &OSADOLOR,2016).

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SOME STATISTICS

THISTABLESHOWSSOME

STATICSOFTHEIMPACTOF

LEADONTHEBLOODLEVEL

INCHILDRENBEFORE,

DURINGANDAFTERTHE

LEADCRISISINFLINT,MICHIGAN.

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LEAD CRISIS IN KINGSTON, JAMAICA

WHILETHEPRESENTATIONWASGEAREDTOWARDSTHELEADCRISISIN

WHATIFSUCHACRISISOCCURSINJAMAICAWHOSHOULDBEHELDRES

THEWATERSYSTEMSINJAMAICAAREPRIMARILYOWNEDBYTHENATI

WATERCOMMISSION,HENCE,TRACKINGTHESOURCESHOULDNOTBE

CHALLENGE.

INTHELATE1980STHEREWASLEADPOISONINGLINKEDTOTHESOILI

KINTYRE AREA.

IGNORANCECAUSEDTHIS;NATURALLYTHECHILDRENFELTITTHEMO

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SHOULD THERE BE A LEAD WATER CRISIS IN JAM

AGENCIESTHATRESPONDEDTOTHEPASTLEADISSUE:BLUECROS

SIGICOR),ENVIRONMENTALHEALTHFOUNDATION,NATIONAL

ENVIRONMENTALANDPLANNINGAGENCY,THESCIENTIFICRESEAR

COUNCILOFJAMAICAANDTHENATIONALWATERCOMMISSION.

SHOULDSUCHANEVENTOCCURTHESEENTITIESHAVETHEEXPERTHEAREA.

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REFERENCE

HANNA-ATTISHA, M., LACHANCE, J., CASEY SADLER, R., & CHAMPNEY SCHNEPP, A. (2

ELEVATED BLOOD LEAD LEVELS IN CHILDREN ASSOCIATED WITH THE FLINT DRINKING WA

SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF RISK AND PUBLIC HEALTH RESPONSE. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PU

HEALTH, 106(2), 283-290.

OTEBHI, G. E., & OSADOLOR, H. B. (2016). SELECT TOXIC METALS STATUS OF PREGN

WITH HISTORY OF PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS IN BENIN CITY, SOUTH-SOUTH NIGERIA

OF APPLIED SCIENCES & ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, 20(1), 5-10. DOI:10.4314/JA

RODRIGUE, J. (2016). POLLUTANTS EMITTED BY TRANSPORT SYSTEMS (AIR, WATER A

DEPT. OF GLOBAL STUDIES & GEOGRAPHY, HOFSTRA UNIVERSITY, NEW YORK, USA. RET

HTTPS://PEOPLE.HOFSTRA.EDU/GEOTRANS/ENG/CH8EN/APPL8EN/CH8A2EN.HTML