INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Topic : Solid Wastes

Presented By : Sidra Butt Farah Masood Aqsa Aftab

INTRODUCTION

 Solid wastes are all the wastes arising from human and animal activities that are normally solid

and are discarded as useless or unwanted.

SOURCES OF SOLID WASTE

Solid waste can be classified into different types depending on their source.

Household waste is generally classified as municipal waste.

Industrial waste as hazardous waste. Biomedical waste or hospital waste as infectious

waste.

INDUSTRIAL WASTE

Industrial waste is the waste produced by industrial activity, such as that of factories, mills and mines. It has existed since the outset of the industrial revolution.

MEDICAL WASTEMedical waste, also known as Biomedical waste, normally refers to waste products that cannot be

considered general waste, produced from healthcare premises, such as hospitals, clinics, doctors offices,

veterinary hospitals and labs.

EFFECTS OF SOLID WASTE

Groundwater ContaminationDisease OutbreaksHabitat DestructionClimate ChangeAir Quality

TYPES OF SOLIDWASTEGarbage which is food-related waste that can decompose.

Ashes from manufacturing operations and large debris, chemicals from industrial, mining and agricultural ventures.

METHODS FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

Landfill A landfill site (also known as tip, dump, rubbish

dump or dumping ground) is a site for the disposal of waste materials by burial and is the oldest form of waste treatment.

Incineration Incineration is a waste treatment process that

involves the combustion of organic substances contained in waste materials.

EXAMPLES OF SOLID WASTE waste tires scrap metal latex paints furniture and toys domestic refuse (garbage) discarded appliances and vehicles uncontaminated used oil and anti-freeze empty aerosol cans, paint cans and compressed

gas cylinders construction and demolition debris, asbestos

GOVERNMENT RESPONSES

Solid Waste Management Policy: The legal rules and regulations dealing with solid waste management in Pakistan are

as follows:

Section 11 of the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act Prohibits Discharge of Waste in Amount of concentrations that violates the National Environmental Quality Standards.

Draft Hazardous Substances Rules of 1999

Islamabad capital Territory Bye Laws ,1968 by capital Development Authority Islamabad

‘Section 132 of cantonment Act 1924 Deals with deposits and disposal of rubbish etc

Provisions Contained in the local government Oridance,2001.

RECOMMENDATIONSThere are three Rs practiced to manage the

solid waste.

REDUCE REUSE RECYCLE

REDUCE

The best way to reduce waste is not to produce it in the first place. Everyone should try to reduce his/her consumption of goods as much as possible.

REUSE

• Reuse is to use an item again after it has been used.

• This includes conventional reuse where the item is used again for the same function,

and new-life reuse where

it is used for a different

function.

RECYCLE

Recycling means creating new things from used items. Almost 20-30 percent of MSW contains materials which could be recycled.