SOLID STATE FUEL-AIR EXPLOSIVES
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Transcript of SOLID STATE FUEL-AIR EXPLOSIVES
1
SOLID STATE FUEL-AIR EXPLOSIVES WITH
ENHANCED POWER AND STABILITY
SURT Technologies LTD
Stefan Kolev, PhD
Tzvetomir Tzonev
Phone: +359 878 633801
E-mail: [email protected]
2
Tested types of solid state charges
Homogenous TBX
(H-TBX)
Annular TBX
(A-TBX)
Booster
Central charge
Outer layer
Solid state explosives. No monopropellants, fluorine binders,
HTPB, heavy metals or ammonium perchlorate.
Characteristics of the aerobic burning
RDX/IPN/Al; d = 6 m; 2.3 ms A-TBX; d = 10 m; 12 ms
Composition Diameter Volume Area
RDX/IPN/Al 6 m 47 m3 50 m2
AnnularTBX 10 m 131 m3 109 m2
5 kg charges
5 kg
Annular
design
4RDX/IPN/Al Annular TBX
SURT Tech.
2 ms
5 ms
30 ms
15 ms
Brightness 1
Gain 1.63RDX
25 MJ 35 MJ 80 MJ 5 kg charges
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Tested at -10oC air temperature
Model of a thermobaric hand
granade (Annular TBX).
600 g charge.
Fireball 2 ms after initiation
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2 kg Annular TBX; 2.5 ms after initiation
Tested at -10oC air temperature
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4 m; -30, -60 cm 5.5 m; -110 cm 7 m; -110 cm 9 m; -60 cm
A-TBX Destroyed Open/Damaged Open No Action
H-TBX Destroyed <50% Open <50% Open No Action
RDX/IPN/Al
or TNT
Destroyed No Action No Action No Action
Effect on target (entrenched wooden ammo boxes)
All charges are 2.5 kg. Results with TNT coincide with RDX/IPN/Al
Solid state TBXs were detonated from -60 to +75oC. RDX/IPN/Al fails at -60oC.
Charge
82.5 kg RDX/IPN/Al; 420 cm; -30cm
2.5 kg Annular TBX; 400 cm; -30 cm
Results with TNT coincide with RDX/IPN/Al
Effect on entrenched wooden boxes
Before After Before After
2.5 kg Homogenous TBX; 400 cm; -30 cm
2.5 kg Annular TBX; 700 cm; -110 cm
2.5 kg Homogenous TBX; 700 cm; -110 cm
2.5 kg RDX/IPN/Al; 550 cm; -30 cm
Closer view
2.5 kg
A-TBX
700 cm; -110 cm
2.5 kg
H-TBX
400 cm; -60 cm
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The charge (Homogenous TBX or RDX) is placed
in the middle of the pile
3.5 m
1.7m
2.5 m
Effect on target (wooden ammo boxes)
700 g charge
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Effect on target (wooden boxes)
700g; 95% RDX 5% wax; 200 ms 700g; H-TBX; 200 ms
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1 kg; H-TBX; 200 ms after initiation
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0.7 kg Homogenous TBX
Scattering of the wooden boxes
1 kg H-TBX
0.7 kg H-TBX
0.7 kg RDX
Charge Area of scattering, m2
1 kg H-TBX 1470
0.7 kg H-TBX 330
0.7 kg RDX 200
1414
TNT equivalence in impulse for air blast
Homogenous TBX has about 2.5 times TNT equivalent in impulse
TN
T e
qu
iva
len
t
Distance, m Distance, m
Imp
. D
ura
tio
n, m
s
TNT
H-TBX
Snapshot, 3 ms after
initiation of 2.5 kg
Homogenous TBX
(in RPG-7 warhead)
Distance
[m]
Impulse
[bar.ms]
TNT
equivalent
2 5 4.3
3 3 3.7
4 1.2 1.5
5 1.2 2.1
6 1.2 2.6
7 1.1 3
8 0.8 2.2
10 0.7 2.6
Mean value TNT eq = 2.75
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Metal acceleration effect
Steel sheet targets for the prefragmented warhead (Homogenous TBX)
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57 mm prefragmented warhead in place
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Results
3 m
4 m7 m6 m
5 m
RDX 302 hits; 302 penetrations
H-TBX 248 hits; 248 penetrations
3-7 meters distance; 2-4 mm
steel sheet targets
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10m 3
mm 2
3
34
2
4
3
5
35
4
6
2
6
3
7
2 7
3
Steel sheets were
too thin for the
tested warheads, all
hits resulted in
penetrations.
95% RDX (A-IX-1)
H-TBX
Pe
ne
tra
tion
s
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After RDX After H-TBX
Perforation after both charges
Results
5 m; 4
mm
Analysis
- The pre-fragmentation warhead S-5MO was charged with 700g H-TBX
- 360 fragments each weighing 2 g
- Speed of the slowest fragments (5 meters distance from the warhead)
900-1000 m/s (experimental, derived from steel sheets penetration)
- Medium fragments speed 1200 m/s (calculated)
- Fastest fragments speed 1500-1600 m/s (calculated)
- At 5 meters all hits on 4 mm steel sheet resulted in penetrations
- No X ray was carried out, but metal penetration tests
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1-2 g 2-3 g 3-5 g
Fragmentation of 130 mm shell for M-46 howitzer
TNT H-TBX
Num. 1-2 g 2-3 g 3-5 g All
TNT 561 244 144 3382
H-TBX 510 310 295 2633
84% mass of TNT shell recovered
82% mass of TBX shell recovered
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Testing RPG-7 warhead
RPG-7 warhead loaded with 2.5 kg H-TBX
High speed video frame captured in flight and when hitting target
Mechanical properties of Homogenous TBX
Measured hardness
Shore A = 40 at 20oC
Density 1.75 g/cm3 (95% TMD)Thermal expansion measured
(95% TMD, loaded by hand)
15oC to 75oC ~ +1 mm (270 mm long warhead)
15oC to -60oC ~ -1 mm (270 mm long warhead)
Heat resistance of H-TBX and A-TBX
T/t -60oC/48h +75oC/48h +100oC/24h +150oC/1h +220oC/0.5h
H-TBX No change No change No change Not tested Not tested
A-TBX No change No change No change No change No change
Annular TBX 150oC/1h
Annular TBX 220oC/30min
Detected mass changes < 0.1 g/kg
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Resistance to low temperature and water
Frozen in water
Rain
On sun
H-TBX and A-TBX have resistance to any climate. They can remain safe
and operational even in extreme conditions.
-60o C
25
Comparison of existing TB mixtures
Full
burning of
fuel
Е(anaerob)/
Е(aerob)
MJ/kg
Water
proof
T>100оС
Brisance
GPa
TMD
g/cm3
Price
USD/kg
RDX/IPN/Al
(Russian TBX)
X 3/6-8a X X ~10 1.40 ~20
HMX/HTPB/Al
(PBXIH-135)
X 4/6-8a V X ~20 1.72 60-80
RDX/HTPB/AP/Al
(AFX-757)
X 2/10a X X ~10 1.84 40-60
Homogenous TBX
SURT Tech.
X 5/10 V V ~20 1.88 ~20
Annular TBX
SURT Tech.
V 5/16 V V ~25b 2.18c ~20
a Only in enclosed spaceb At the ends of the cylindrical chargec Density of the outer layer, the whole charge density is ~ 2.0 g/cm3 with ph. RDX or HMX core
1000 g solid incendiary mix
burning on a wooden box
Before
During
After
Scattering of 4 kg solid incendiary mix
Solid state incendiary mixture
- Contains no heavy metals, phosphorous, fluorine, or volatile
chemicals.
- Exceptional chemical stability and temperature stability up to
250oC.
- High density (TMD = 2.2 g/cm3)
- Very cost effective - at production price of ~20 USD/kg.
Other products of SURT Tech. LTD
Caliber, mm 40 60 100 200 300+
40+ mm underbarrel
grenade and hand
grenade (A-TBX)
Tested
60+ mm shell
or mortar (H-TBX)
Static tests so far
60-120 mm shoulder
fired grenade (A-TBX or H-TBX)
Tested
All kinds of existing munitions from 30 mm to multikilo aviation
bombs can be loaded with A-TBX or H-TBX
TB engineer’s charge, 5kg
(A-TBX or H-TBX)
Tested
Air to ground missiles
(H-TBX)
80 mm AGM already
in productionAerial bombs, smart weapons,
guided missiles, penetrators, etc.
Not tested with A-TBX or H-TBX
yet, very promising!
80 mm AGM loaded with the former version of H-TBX, TNT
equivalent 2.5 - already a production capability
SURT Technologies LTD Capabilities
SURT Tech. LTD is strictly a research and not a production company
Ready for Production (High Technology Readiness Level)
- Enhanced Blast Explosive Composition (H-TBX)
- Enhanced Blast Explosive - Annular Design (A-TBX)
- Thermite Composition - Environmentally Friendly
- Polymer Bonded Incendiary Composition
Technology Readiness Level for H-TBX and A-TBX:
TRL: 8 Actual system completed and qualified through test and demonstration;
Manufacturing Readiness Level (MRL): 9 Low rate production demonstrated
H-TBX munitions certified by AQAP 2110. Low rate production monitored by
ISO 9001:2008
Under Development (Still Low Technology Readiness Level)
Underwater Enhanced Blast Explosive - more powerful and less sensitive than
PBXN-103 and 105
Theoretical Work
Supercomputer calculations of energetic molecules, heterostructures and systems
(real-life propellants and explosives); access to supercomputer facilities