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![Page 1: Solid State Chemistry via Glass and Ceramics John Tanaka and Edward J. Neth Chemistry Department University of Connecticut Storrs, Connecticut 06269.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032516/56649c735503460f94925951/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Solid State Chemistryvia Glass and Ceramics
John Tanaka and Edward J. NethChemistry DepartmentUniversity of Connecticut Storrs, Connecticut 06269
![Page 2: Solid State Chemistry via Glass and Ceramics John Tanaka and Edward J. Neth Chemistry Department University of Connecticut Storrs, Connecticut 06269.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032516/56649c735503460f94925951/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
• Glass, Ceramics and Mankind
• History– Discovered in prehistory by unknown
inventor – Reconstructions of old civilizations– Food and beverage storage
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Current technology
• Fiber Optics• LC, electroluminescent, and plasma
displays• Chemistry• Electric insulators • Superconductors • Electronic components• Household goods
![Page 4: Solid State Chemistry via Glass and Ceramics John Tanaka and Edward J. Neth Chemistry Department University of Connecticut Storrs, Connecticut 06269.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032516/56649c735503460f94925951/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Glass• GLASS• Quartz• Coefficient of expansion 8 x 10−7 cm/cm/oC• Softening point 1500oC
• 7740 Pyrex• 80.5% SiO2
• 12.9% B2O3
• 3.8% Na2O• 0.4% K2O• 2.2% Al2O3
• Coefficient of expansion 33 x 10−7 cm/cm/oC• Softening point 820oC• Working point 1200oC
• Container Glass• 74.1% SiO2
• 1.8% Al2O3
• 8.8% CaO• 1.4% MgO• 13.0% Na2O• 0.4% K2O• Coefficient of expansion 92 x 10−7 cm/cm/oC• Softening point 696 oC• Working point 1000 oC
![Page 5: Solid State Chemistry via Glass and Ceramics John Tanaka and Edward J. Neth Chemistry Department University of Connecticut Storrs, Connecticut 06269.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032516/56649c735503460f94925951/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Quartz
• STRUCTURES OF SiO2
• Quartz, α and β (to 870oC)
• Tridymite ( 870oC to 1470oC)
• Cristobalite (1470oC to 1710oC)
![Page 6: Solid State Chemistry via Glass and Ceramics John Tanaka and Edward J. Neth Chemistry Department University of Connecticut Storrs, Connecticut 06269.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032516/56649c735503460f94925951/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Beta quartz
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Tridymite, cristobalite
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Silicates• SILICATE “ISLAND” STRUCTURES• Orthosilicates
– Be2SiO4 phenacite – (Mg, Fe)2SiO4 olivine – ZrSiO4 zircon– R3IIR2III(SiO4)3 garnet
• Pyrosilicates– Sc2Si2O7 Si-O-Si = 180o
– Gd2Si2O7 Si-O-Si = 159o
– Nd2Si2O7 Si-O-Si = 133o
• Nets– 1 connection dimer as above – 2 connection chain or ring– 3-connection 2 dimensional “infinite” structure or 3
dimensional “infinite” structure– 4-connection 2 dimensional “infinite” structure or
3-dimensional “infinite” structure
![Page 9: Solid State Chemistry via Glass and Ceramics John Tanaka and Edward J. Neth Chemistry Department University of Connecticut Storrs, Connecticut 06269.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032516/56649c735503460f94925951/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Representations
• To understand the structure of a three dimensional solid, more than one representation is needed
• It is not possible to display all structural elements using a single model
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Three Views
• 1. Classical Molecular view of P4O10
P OO
O
O
P O P O
OO
OP
O
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Ball and stick
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2. Polyhedral View
![Page 13: Solid State Chemistry via Glass and Ceramics John Tanaka and Edward J. Neth Chemistry Department University of Connecticut Storrs, Connecticut 06269.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032516/56649c735503460f94925951/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
3. Sphere Packing View
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More Examples
• REPRESENTATIONS OF SOLID STATE STRUCTURES• Ball and Stick• P4O10 Picture• NaCl Picture• Zinc Blende Picture• Polyhedral• P4O10 Picture• NaCl Picture• Zinc Blende Picture• Close Packed • P4O10 Picture• NaCl Picture• Zinc Blende Picture
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Diamond (Zincblende)
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ZnS, polyhedral
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ZnS, close packed
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NaCl, ball and stick
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NaCl, polyhedral
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Ceramics
• Quartz– Shown earlier
• Feldspar
• Kaolin
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Ceramics
• FELDSPAR
• Plagioclase feldspars– NaAlSi3O8 albite
– CaAl2Si2O8 anorthite
• Paracelsian– Ba(Al2Si2O8)
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Feldspars
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Kaolin and asbestos
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Kaolin, 2D view
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2-connected
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3-connected
![Page 27: Solid State Chemistry via Glass and Ceramics John Tanaka and Edward J. Neth Chemistry Department University of Connecticut Storrs, Connecticut 06269.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032516/56649c735503460f94925951/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
4-connected
![Page 28: Solid State Chemistry via Glass and Ceramics John Tanaka and Edward J. Neth Chemistry Department University of Connecticut Storrs, Connecticut 06269.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032516/56649c735503460f94925951/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Nets
• 4-connected, two dimensional net– HgI
• 4-connected, three dimensional net– Diamond, zincblende shown earlier
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HgI
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Li2Si2O5
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Thorium disilicide