SoLID-Spin Program at 12 GeV JLab
description
Transcript of SoLID-Spin Program at 12 GeV JLab
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SoLID-Spin Program at 12 GeV JLab
Xin QianKellogg Radiation Lab
CaltechFor SoLID Collabration
1Weihai Workshop
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Outline• Nucleon Spin – Transverse Momentum Dependent Parton
Distribution Functions (TMDs)– Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering
(SIDIS)
• Current Status of Single Spin Asymmetry (SSA) Measurements
• Overview of SoLID-Spin Program• Summary
2Weihai Workshop
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Nucleon Spin Structure• Understand Nucleon Spin in terms of quarks and
gluons (QCD).
– Small contribution from quarks and gluons’ intrinsic spin
~30% from data “spin crisis”
Nucleon’s spinJi’s Sum Rule
J q
Orbital angular momentum is important!Parton transverse motion + Spin-orbit correlations
Weihai Workshop 3
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Transverse Momentum Dependent PDFs
TMD f1u(x,kT)
Longitudinal Direction zTransverse
Plane x-y4Weihai Workshop
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A Unified Picture of Nucleon Structure (X. Ji) Wp
u(x,kT,r ) Wigner distributions
PDFs f1
u(x), .. h1u(x)
d2kT
d3r
TMD PDFs f1
u(x,kT), .. h1u(x,kT)
X. Ji PRL 91 (03)
3D imaging
6D Des.
Form FactorsGE(Q2), GM(Q2)
GPDs/IPDs
d2kT drz
d2rT
dx &Fourier Transformation
1D5Weihai Workshop
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Leading-Twist TMD PDFs
f1 =
f 1T =
SiversSivers
HelicityHelicity
g1 =
h1 =TransversityTransversity
h1 =
Boer-MuldersBoer-Mulders
h1T =
PretzelosityPretzelosity
g1T =
Worm GearWorm Gear
h1L =
Worm GearWorm Gear(Kotzinian-Mulders)(Kotzinian-Mulders)
Nucleon Spin
Quark Spin
Spin-orbital (trans. mom.) correlation is important!
Very well known
Reasonably known
Weihai Workshop 6
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Semi-Inclusive DIS• A DIS reaction in which a hadron h, produced in the
current fragmentation region is detected coincidently with scattered electron (k’).
Parton distribution function (PDF)
Fragmentationfunction (FF)
DXs ~ PDF X FF
h tags struck quark’s flavor, spin andtransversemomentum
Current Fragmentation
h
XhkPk '
Weihai Workshop 7
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Access TMDs through SIDIS
SL, ST: Target Polarization; e: Beam Polarization
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Unpolarized
PolarizedTarget
PolarizedBeam andTarget
Boer-Mulder
Sivers
Transversity/Collins
Pretzelosity
Weihai Workshop 8
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Separation of Collins, Sivers and pretzelocity effects through angular dependence
1( , )
sin( ) sin( )
sin(3 )
l lUT h S
h SSiverCollins
Pretzelosi
UT
tyU
sUT h S
h ST
N NA
P N
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sin( )
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PretzelosityU
SiversUT
llins
T h S T
h S
UT
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TU
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H
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A h H
h
Weihai Workshop
UT: Unpolarized lepton + Transversely polarized nucleon
9
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Collins effect• Access to transversity– Transversity links
quak’s spin tonucleon spin
– Collins FF links quark’s spin to hadron transverse momentum
• Artru model– Based on LUND
fragmentation picture.
Weihai Workshop
11 HhA TCollins
10
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Rich Physics in TMDs (Sivers Function)• Correlation between nucleon spin with quark orbital
angular momentum
Burkhardt : chromodynamic lensing
Final-State-InteractionYD
qTSIDIS
qT ff
11Important test forFactorization
11 DfA TSivers
Weihai Workshop 11
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Current Status on TMD• Collins Asymmetries - Sizable for proton (HERMES and COMPASS)
Large at high x, large for - but with opposite signUnfavored Collins fragmentation as large as favored (opposite
sign) Also see Belle's data. - consistent with 0 for deuteron (COMPASS)
- small for neutron (JLab Hall A)• Sivers Asymmetries - non-zero for + from proton (HERMES), consistent with COMPASS
results at high Q2? - consistent with zero for - from proton and for and - from
deuteron - negative values for neutron + , small for - (Hall A)• Very active theoretical and experimental study• RHIC-spin, JLab (CLAS12, HallA/C 12 GeV), Belle, FAIR (PAX)
Future EIC• Global Fits/models by Anselmino et al., Yuan et al. and …
12Weihai Workshop
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E06010: arXiv: 1106.0363, PRL in press
Weihai WorkshopSee X. Jiang’s talk 13
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• High 1036 N/cm2/spolarized luminosity
• Achieved Performance:– Transverse/Vertical and
Longitudinal PolarizedTarget
– >60% polarization– Fast Spin Flip
• Large acceptanceenables 4-D mappingof asymmetries
• Full azimuthal-angle coverage -> smaller systematic uncertainties
SoLID Setup for SIDIS on 3He
~90% ~1.5% ~8%
Effective pol. neutron target
14Weihai Workshop
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SoLID Setup for SIDIS on 3He• Tracking: GEM Tracker.– Shared R&D with Super
BigBite• Electron Identification:– E&M calorimeter for large
angle and high momentum– E&M calorimeter and light gas
Cerenkov for forward angle• Pion identification:– Heavy Gas Cerenkov and TOF
(Multi-Resistive Plate Chamber)
• Fast pipeline DAQ (Similar to Hall D)
• See Z. W. Zhao’s talk for simulation
Progressive Tracking, Mom. res. 1%, polar angular res. 0.3 mr, azimuthal angular res. 5 mr, 0.8 cm vertex res with realistic magnetic field simulation and 200 um GEM pos. res. Shoot for 100 ps TOF resolution, (60 ps intrinsic resolution from MRPC) 15Weihai Workshop
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SIDIS L.-G. Cherenkov: Optical system
)11
(cos
2
rxix
R
Focusing optimized for central ray: for SIDIS kinematics (BaBar) => (9.3 + 14.3)/2 = 11.8 deg
mirror the tonormal and
ray incident between angle
ray reflected
mirroron ray incident
rxix
One spherical mirror
Slide from S. Malace16Weihai Workshop
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SIDIS L.-G. Cherenkov: Focusing “-scan”: at fixed polar angle check collection efficiency as a function of the azimuthal angle
Example: 14.3 deg & 3.5 GeV
Example: 14.3 deg & 1.5 GeV
Collection efficiency dependence of : small effect at isolated kinematics
Slide from S. Malace 17Weihai Workshop
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• Two main choices– High resolution, radiation hardness, 100ps timing
• SciFi ECal– Simulation shown in last meeting
• W-Ecal resolution is not enough• Pb-Ecal (with >50% SciFi ratio) works
– Require large area light readout– Not cheap
• Shashlik Type– Pickup/Readout photon with wave-length shifting fiber, small light
read out area
Weihai Workshop 18
Choice of CalorimeterTypical Pb SciFi
Hertzog, NIM, 1990
Typical ShashlikPolyakov, COMPASS Talk, 2010
Talk from J. Huang
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Weihai Workshop 19
Scan for best shower and preshower thickness
Reach Best rejection @ 3~5rad
length
Reach Best rejection @ 3~5rad
length
Total rad length
Total rad length
No
pres
how
er s
epar
ation
Electron Efficiency
1/ (Pi rejection)Minimal is best
Reach Best rejection @ ~20
rad length
Reach Best rejection @ ~20
rad length
Total rad length
Can not contain
EM shower More hadron shower
Electron Efficiency
Talk from J. Huang
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• L2: additional detector, simple pattern matchhttps://www.jlab.org/exp_prog/electronics/trigdaq/PipelineTriggerElectronics_S&T09.pdf
Ben Raydo Talk
20Weihai Workshop
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ROCROC
ROCROC
ROCROC
ROCROC
ROCROC
ROCROC
ROCROC
ROCROC
ROCROC
Front-End
Crates
Read O
ut
Con
trolle
rs
~60 crates~50MB/s out
per crate
EB1Event Builder
stage 1
EB1Event Builder
stage 1
EB1Event Builder
stage 1
EB2Event Builder
stage 2
EB2Event Builder
stage 2
Staged Event Building
blocked event fragments
partially recombined event fragments
N x M array of nodes (exact number to be determined by available hardware at time of
purchase)
Level-3 Trigger
and monitori
ng
full events
L3 FarmL3 Farm
nodenode
nodenode
nodenodenodenode
nodenodenodenode
nodenode
Raid
Dis
k
EREvent Recorder
Event Recording
300MB/s in300MB/s out
• All nodes connected with 1GB/s links
• Switches connected with 10GB/s fiber optics
L3 Farm (slide from A. Camsonne)
Weihai Workshop21
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Natural Extension of E06-010
• Both transverse and longitudinal polarized target.
• Attack 6/8 leading twist TMDs
• Much wider phase space– Also data at low and high
z value to access target frag. and exclusive channels.
11
11
11
)cos(
)sin(
)sin(
DgA
DfA
HhA
TshLT
TshSiversUT
TshCollinsUT
22Weihai Workshop
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Transversity• The third PDFs in addition to f1 and g1L
• 10% d quark tensor charge with world data• Test Soffer’s inequality |h1T| <= (f1+g1L)/2 at large x
h1T =
23Weihai Workshop
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Map Collins, Sivers and Pretzlosity asymmetries in a 4-D (x, z, Q2, PT)
24Weihai Workshop
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Sivers Function• Correlation between nucleon spin with quark angular momentum• Important test for factorization• Different sign with twist-3 quark-gluon corr. dis. at high PT?
– Kang, Qiu, Vogelsang and Yuan: arxiv: 1103.1591– Search for sign change, also PT weighted moments (Boer, Gamberg, Musch)
f 1T =
YD
qTSIDIS
qT ff
11
UUT
UUUTTTJUT
dP
APJdPA
Sh
Sh
)sin(
)sin()(
Also in x
25Weihai Workshop
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Pretzlosity:• Direct measurement of relativistic effect of quark?
PRD 78, 114024 (2008)• Direct measurement of OAM? PRD 58, 096008 (1998)• First non-zero pretzlosity asymmetries?
h1T =
26Weihai Workshop
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Worm-gear functions:• Dominated by real part of interference
between L=0 (S) and L=1 (P) states• No GPD correspondence• Lattice QCD -> Dipole Shift in mom. space.• Model Calculations -> h1L
=? -g1T
• Connections with Collinear PDFs through WW approx. and LIR.
h1L =
g1T =
Worm Gear
Cent
er o
f poi
nts:
)()(~ 11 zDxgA TLT )()(~ 11 zHxhA LUL
27Weihai Workshop
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SIDIS Factorization Test at 11 GeV– With proton/deuteron/3He unpolarized data in a large
phase space coverage.• Understand SIDIS process (Factorization , PT dependence)
• Complementary to Hall C RSIDIS, PT dependence studies.
• Complementary to Hall B SIDIS, PT dependence studies.
• Understand the Nuclear effect in the light nuclei.
28Weihai Workshop
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A New Proposal of TSSA Measurement of a Transversely Polarized Proton (NH3)
• PAC report for 3He SoLID-Spin Proposal
Weihai Workshop 29
• 3 cm long NH3 target• 1035 N/cm2/s polarized luminosity• 5 T holding field • line of flames• Optics property of magnetic field
70% Polarization
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Projections @ 120 days
Weihai Workshop 30About a factor of 4-5 worse than neutron measurement due to lower luminosity and larger dilution, but asymmetry is also larger with proton
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Bright Future for TMDs• Golden channel of Electron-Ion Collider
– See Abhay Despande’s talk
• Sea quark TMDs Gluon Sivers? What happened at very low x? SIDIS vs. dipole model
• Test Collins-Soper Evolution for high vs. low Q2 at large x. 31Weihai Workshop
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Summary• SIDIS is a powerful tool to study Parton dynamics
in the amplitude level (TMDs)– Spin-OAM correlation, flavor dependence etc.
• SoLID is an ideal device to study SIDIS– High luminosity, large acceptance and full azimuthal
coverage– Will provide ultimate precision (4-D) of SSA/DSA, at
high-x (valence), low Q2 region, which is crucial input to global analysis.
– Test SIDIS factorization, PT dependence at JLab12 (complementary to SIDIS programs in Hall B/C)
32Weihai Workshop
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Weihai Workshop 33
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Weihai Workshop
Quark Tagging Technique
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