Solid Forms

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Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology

Medical University SofiaDr. Rumen i!olov" PhD

Solid dosage forms


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Drugs are prepared in various forms

for administration.The solid type of preparation is most

common.

The advantages of solid drug forms

are convenience of administration;

accuracy and reproducibility of a

dosing; increased of a drug stability

and easy of mass production.


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Solid drug forms

tablets

capsulessugar-coated tablets (dragee)powdersgranulessachets


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ablets (tabuletta,-ae) tablet is a solid dosage form that is

prepared by compressing or molding of

the drug into various si!es and shapes.

Dissolution is the rate-limiting step inthe delivery of drug from a tablet to the

systemic circulation.


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Types of tablets"

Tablets for oral administration

Tablets for vaginal administration

Tablets for implantation (pellets)


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Tablets for oral administration

#ilm coated tablets

$nteric coated tablets$ffervescent tablets

Sublingual tablets%uccal tabletsTroches (lo!enges)

&hewable tablets&ontrolled release tablets - slow release

tablets (S') and modified release tablets

(')


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#ilm coated tablets

latin # $ilm ta%ulettae film ta%.'

The tablet is coated with a

membrane of polymeric substances

that improves physicochemical stabilityof the drug and delays the rate of drug

absorption.

e.g. ugmentin


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$nteric coated tablets

latin # Ta%ulettae enterosolventes

ta%. enterosolv.'

The tablet is coated with an acid-

resistant substance that will dissolve

only in the less acidic portions of the

intestines

e.g. oltaren* +spen


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$ffervescent tablets

latin ta%ulettae effervescentes

ta%. efferv.'The tablet contain sodium

bicarbonate in addition to the drugsubstance.

%efore use they are dissolve in water.

e.g. cetylsalicylic acid


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Sublingual tablets

latin linguetta ling.'

The tablet is placed under the tongue

Sublingual tablets are absorbed

,uicly into the bloodstream

e.g. itroglycerin* /prima


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%uccal tablets

latin ta%ulettae %uccales ta%. %ucc.'

%uccal tablets are placed in the

pouch between the chee and gum

They are usually small* flat and oval

in shape

e.g. Sandopart


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Troches (lo!enges or pastilles)

latin pastillae

The tablets contain a drug substancein flavored base.

0o!enges are allowed to dissolve in

the mouth. They are commonly usedfor cold and sore throat.

e.g. &hlorhe1idine


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&hewable tablets

The tablets are placed in the mouth*

chewed and swallowed.

e.g. Talcid* spirin Direct


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Slow release tablets (S')

latin # depot#ta%ulettae depot#ta%.'

The tablets are treated with special

coatings so that various portions of the

drug will dissolve at different rates.They are designed to produce drug

effects over an e1tended time.S' tablets are administered less

fre,uently (usually once daily).

e.g. 2soptin S'* 'avel S'


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odified release tablets (')

odified release tablets are a more

advanced version in which release of

the active ingredient is related to time.

e.g. 3reductal '


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2mplants (pellets) small tablet that is prepared for

insertion under the sin by givinga small surgical cut into the sin which

is stitched after the insertion of tablets.

The tablet must be sterile one.

&ontraceptive tablets are formulatedas implant.


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Tablets for vaginal administration

latin ta%ulettae vaginales ta%. vag.'

The tablets are intended for insertion

into the vagina.

e.g. etronida!ole* Tinida!ole*

Dinprostone


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Sugar coated tablets

latin dragee drag.'

The tablet that contains active

ingradient(s) of unpleasant taste maybe covered with sugar to mae it more

palatable.

This type of tablet should beadministered in whole form.$1ample" itaferro* 4uinine.


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&apsules

latin 5 capsulae (caps.)

The drug is contained in a gelatinshell that breas open after the capsule

has been swallowed* releasing the drug.

The hard-shell gelatin

capsules contain solid drugs

The soft-shell gelatin

capsules contain oils


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Slow-release capsules contain pellets

that dissolve in the gastrointestinal

tract* releasing the drug slowly.

6astro-resistant capsules containpellets that dissolve in the intestine.


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7riting prescription order for tablets*

sugar coated tablets* and capsules

The name of the drug and the

strength in metric units are given in

praescriptio.The total number of the single doses

(or the number of blisters) and thedrug form are given in subscriptio.The directions to the patient are filled

in si natura.


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89) 3rescribe nitroglycerin in

sublingual tabletsof :* mg.

Rp( itroglycerini )"* mg D. scat. +, in ling.

S. Place , ta%let underthe ton-ue.


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8b) 3rescribe metronida!ole in

vaginal tablets of :: mg.

Rp( Metronidaoli *)) mg D.scat. +, in ta%. vag.

S. /nsert , ta%let in vaginaevery evening for 0 days.


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a)3rescribe oflo1acin in film

coated tablets of 8:: mg.

Rp( 1floxacini 2)) mg D. scat. +, in film ta%.

S. Ta!e , ta%let every ,3hours for * days.


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b)3rescribe acetylsalicylic acid

in effervescent tablets of


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>9)3rescribe isoptin in slow-

release tablets of =8: mg.

Rp( /soptin SR 32) mgD. scat. +, in ta%.

S. Ta!e , ta%let daily.


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>b)3rescribe preductal in

modified-release tablets of


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?9) 3rescribe allergosan in

dragee of = mg.

Rp( 4llergosani 3* mg D. scat. +, in drag.

S. Ta!e , dragee 3 timesdaily.


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?b) 3rescribe amo1icillin in

capsules of :: mg.

Rp( 4moxicillini *)) mgD. scat. +, in caps.

S. ta!e 3 capsules every 6hours for * days .


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Powder

latin - pulvis (pulv.)

3owders are drugs or drug e1tracts that aredried and ground and microni!ed into fine

particles.

ccording to the division into prescribed dosespowders are pulveres indivisi (all doses are given

inseparably) and pulveres divisi (they are divides

into the prescribed number of doses).

ccording to the composition are simple1

powders (consist one active ingredient) and

comple1 powders (a mi1ture of more than one

active ingredient).


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7riting prescription order for

bul powders (pulveres indivisi)

The name and the total bulof the drug are filled in praescriptio

The si!e of the single dose and thenumber of doses per day written in

signatura


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@9)3rescribe as powder : g

sodium bicarbobonate.

Rp( atrii hydrocar%onatis *) g

D. S. Ta!e one teaspoon , hour

after meals and at %edtime.


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@b)3rescribe =: powders

contain : mg&affeine and ::mg nalgin each.

Rp( 7offeini atrii %enoatis *) mg

4nalgini *)) mg

M. D. t. d. +3) S. Ta!e , po8der 5 times daily.


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A9)3rescribe =: powders

contain B: mg&odeine each.

Rp( 7odeini phosphatis ,) mg

Sacchari lactatis -.s.

M. D.t.d. +3)

S. ta!e , po8der 5 times daily.

-.s. -uantum satis


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Ab)3rescribe as officinal

powder Topocin powder gfore1ternal application.

Rp( Pulv. adsp. Topocini * g

D. scat. +,

S. $or external application.

Solid Forms

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