Solar tracking system 

Under the esteemed guidance of T.Lakshmana Rao, M. Tech., Assistant Professor, department of E.C.E

presented by: T.SRIRAMULU NAIDU(09511A0446) B.VENUKUMARI (09511A0402) D.SIVAJI(09511A0410) G.RAMYA(08511A0413) T.PAVAN KUMAR(09511A0445) 

CONTENTSINTRODUCTION

PROJECT BACKGROUND

MAIN OBJECTIVE

COMPARISON OF ENERGY SOURCES

WORKING PROCEDURE

BLOCK DIAGRAM

SOLAR TRACKER SOLVING ALGORITHM

PROGRAM DUMPER

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF 8051

LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTOR

ANALOG-DIGITAL CONVERTER

L293D MOTOR DRIVER

DC SERIES MOTOR

LCD DISPLAY

CONCLUSION

ABSTRACT Extracting useable electricity from the sun was made possible by the discovery

of the photoelectric mechanism and subsequent development of the solar cell.

Light gathering is dependent on the angle of incidence of the light source providing power (i.e. the sun) to the solar cell’s surface and the closer to perpendicular, the greater the power.

we see the need to maintain the maximum power output from the panel by maintaining an angle of incidence as close to 0° as possible.

“SOLAR TRACKING SYSTEM” - Used to control and set the moment of solar panels.

This system uses DC motor to control the angle of rotation of the panels.

Rotation of DC motor through the desired angle is achieved by using Kiel cross compiler.

INTRODUCTION

PROJECT BACKGROUNDWhy should the solar panel face the most illuminating source of light?

TO Increase Solar Panel Output

Maximize Power per unit Area

Main Objectives Position the Solar Panels so that they will acquire maximum energy from

a light source.

Store the acquired energy into batteries, and use the batteries to control the rest of the system when the solar energy is absent.

In no-light or low-light conditions design the system to go into sleep mode so that energy is not wasted.

Solar Panel Output

COMPARISON OF ENERGY SOURCES

Coal Oil Natural gas

Nuclear Hydel Wind Solar0

20

40

60

80

100

120Initial Investment Total Operating Cost Pollution Efficiency

WORKING PROCEDURE

BLOCK DIAGRAM

SOLAR TRACKER SOLVING ALGORITHM

OUR PROJECT

256 x 8-bit Internal RAM

32 Programmable I/O Lines

Three 16-bit Timer/Counters

Features of AT89S52 microcontroller: HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller.

The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density non-volatile memory technology.

PROGRAM DUMPER

Block Diagram of 8051

LIGHT Dependent RESISTOR

Light sensors are among the most common sensor type.

The sun tracker uses a cadmium sulfide photo cell for light sensing .

To utilize photo cell, it is placed with a resistor.

ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTER [ADC]Features of ADC

Key Specifications

0809ADC Hi-speed

High accuracy

Easy interface to all microprocessors

Resolution 8-bits

Single supply 5v DC

Low power 15mW

MOTOR DRIVER CIRCUIT

DC SERIES MOTORWHAT DOES DC SERIES MOTOR DO

Like any other motor, series motors convert electrical energy to mechanical energy. Its operation is based on simple electromagnetic principle by which when the magnetic field created around a current carrying conductor interacts with an external magnetic field, a rotational motion is generated.

A typical DC motor layout is given in the following diagram:

FEATURES: Rpm : 300 at 12v

DC supply: 3 to 12V

Output shaft: Centre.

Motor diameter: 38 mm.

No-load current = 60 mA, Load current = 300 mA

LCD DISPLAY Interface with 4-bit/8-bit microprocessor.Display data ram [80 characters]. Character generator rom [160 characters].

.

APPLICATIONS Used in water heaters.

Used in inverters[AC-DC].

ADVANTAGES The solar tracker system provides numerous applications in the field of

industrial.

Its main application lies in the industrial processes like energy stations and powerhouses for the production of electricity. DRAWBACKS Tracker is effected by temporal variation in atmospheric refraction caused by rain, cloud.

It leads to wrong positioning of solar panel.

CONCLUSION

To collect greatest amount of energy from sun, solar panels must be aligned orthogonally to sun.

For this purpose a new solar tracking technique based on micro-controller was implemented and tested in this study.

REFERENCES Bailis, Robert. “Wood in Household Energy Use”. Encyclopedia of Energy.

2004. Pages 516, & 518.

Ackermann, T., Andersson, G., Söder, L. “Distributed generation: a definition”. Electric Power Systems Research. April 2000. Page 195.

Banerjee, “Comparison of Options for Distributed Generation in India”. Energy Policy. Pages 105-110.

http://www.solarpoweristhefuture.com

http://www.scientificamerican.com

http://www.linak.com/products

http://www.thesolarguide.com Solar Energy – Principles of thermal collection & storage By S P Sukhatme