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POORNIMA GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS A

presentation of

MAJOR PROJECT

on

“Solar Sun Tracker"Submitted to: Submitted by:

Mr. Chandan Kumar Dubey GhanshyaKumawat(EC/10/117)

(Project Coordinator, EC- A))

Guide name:

Mrs.Namarta Sexna

 

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Definition of problemMarket SolutionIntroduction Block diagram Circuit diagramComponentsSoftware/Hardware usedFeasibility Application

CONTENTS

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Today’s time solar cells are becoming extremely popular for utilizing solar energy to use in different ways such as producing electricity, transportation,cooking etc .

So many solar panels have been installed all over the world and most of them are stable. They are installed in the direction of maximum radiation of sunlight.

Now the problem arises that the sun is moving .So we cannot use maximum radiation of sun all the time. The position of maximum radiation receiving position only comes once in 24 hours.

Definition of problem

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Solar tracker is the best solution for receiving maximum radiation.

By moving the solar panel according to the movement of sun we can always receive the maximum radiation .

MARKET SOLUTION

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• The earth receives 16 x 1018 units of energy from the sun annually, which is 20,000 times the requirement of mankind on the Earth.

• Solar panels are used to convert light energy into electrical energy.

• Efficient Solar Power generation System using moving panel is a efficientpower generating system using sun light.

Two sensors in two directions to sense the direction of maximum intensity of light. The difference between the outputs of the sensors is given to the microcontroller unit.

 

INTRODUCTION

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Microcontroller is used to process the input voltage from the comparison circuit and control the direction in which the motor has to be rotated so that it will receive maximum intensity of light from the sun.

The power generated from this process is then stored in a lead acid battery.

Stored energy is used to run different appliances

CONT…

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BLOCK DIAGRAM

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It consist of a LDR sensor senses max solar power which is being given to the Microcontroller through the ADC which digitizes the LDR output.

Controller then takes the decision according to then algorithm and tilts the panel towards the direction of the max energy given by LDR with the help of DC Motor .

The Motor is used to rotate the LDR to sense the max solar power.

WORKING

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On the monitoring station which receives the data send by the system.

This data is logged into the PC.

The RS232 converter is used to connect the microcontroller to PC which convert PC"s CMOS level to Controller"s TTL level n vice versa.

Limit sensors or Touch sensors are provided to sense the starting and ending position of the solar panel.

Keypad is provided to adjust the starting position of the solar panel.

CONT…

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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IC BASE(40,18,14 Pin)AT89S52(microcontroller)LM324(comparator)ULN2803(buffer)Stepper motor7805(voltage regulator)Resistance(10k,1k)Variable resistor(20k)LedCrystal Oscillator(11.0592 MHZ)

COMPONENTS

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ConnectorPCBSolar PanelBatteryTransformerCoilTransistorP-N diodeCapacitor(22pf,10 uf)On/Off Switch

Cont…..

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Microcontroller(AT89S52) low-voltage, high-performance

CMOS 8-bit microcomputer

8K bytes of Flash programmable and erasable read-only memory (PEROM).

256 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, two 16-bit timer/counters.

A six-vector two-level interrupt architecture.

.

COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION

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LM 324 IC-

LM324 is a 14pin IC consisting of four independent operational amplifiers (op-amps) compensated in a single package. Op-amps are high gain electronic voltage amplifier with differential input and, usually, a single-ended output. The output voltage is many times higher than the voltage difference between input terminals of an op-amp.

These op-amps are operated by a single power supply LM324 and need for a dual supply is eliminated. They can be used as amplifiers, comparators, oscillators, rectifiers etc. The conventional op-amp applications can be more easily implemented with LM324.

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It is use to generate the frequency of 11 MHz.

It is use to to operate the mmicrocontroller

Crystal Oscillator(11.0592 MHZ)

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Solar Panel

Collection of photovoltaic cells.

Photovoltaic cell is composed of sillicon

Used as a component of a larger photovoltaic system to generate and supply electricity in commercial and residential applications.

Rated by its DC output power under standard test conditions, and typically ranges from 100 to 320 watts.

Consists array of solar panels, an inverter, and sometimes a battery and or solar tracker and interconnection wiring.

The efficiency of a panel determines the area of a panel 

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Stepper Motor

• electromechanical device which converts electrical pulses into discrete mechanical movements. The speed of the motor shafts rotation is directly related to the frequency of the input pulses and the

length of rotation is directly related to the number of input pulses applied.

Lead Acid Battery-

• very low energy-to-weight ratio and a low energy-to-volume ratio, their ability to supply high surge currents means that the cells maintain a relatively large power-to-weight ratio. These features, along with their low cost, make them attractive for use in motor vehicles to provide the high current required by automobile starter motors.

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Technical/practical : 1.Pollution free 2.Safety in Design 3.Usability 4.Reliable 5.Reduce human error 6.Portable Economical: 1.Total cost of project=6000/-

FEASIBILITY

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Heating the water

Electric fence

Battery charger

Emergency battery backup

Solar cooker

APPLICATIONS

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THANK YOU!!!