NON RENEWABLE RESOURCES

Dimple Sharma Mechanical SG-13926

SOLAR THERMAL SYSTEM

Solar collection devices, their analysis; solar collector characteristics, solar pond; application

of solar energy to space heating

ABOUT SYSTEM A solar thermal system converts sunlight into heat.

This system consists of the following components: collector storage technology (e.g. boiler, combined storage) solar regulator system (e.g. temperature

difference control)

solar thermal collector absorbs solar radiation. The purpose of the collector is to convert the

sunlight very efficiently into heat. Solar heat is transmitted to a fluid, which

transports the heat to the heat exchanger via pumps with a minimum of heat loss.

The exchanger transfers the heat into the domestic hot water store. The distance between collector and storage tank should be as short as possible to minimize heat loss.

WORKING

There are two solar thermal systems:

1.solar heating system to produce hot domestic water.

2. solar power system as supplementary heating.

SOLAR COLLECTORS

The solar collector is the main part of a solar thermal system, that transforms solar radiant energy into heat that can be used for heating swimming pools, hot water preparation, space

heating and even as heat for industrial processes.

CLASSIFICATION OF SOLAR COLLECTOR

Basically it can be distinguished between three types of collectors

• uncovered (unglazed) collectors• flat plate collectors• evacuated tubular collectors In addition to these three basic types there also

exist special collector designs for medium to high temperature applications like parabolic trough collectors or fresnel collectors.

UNCOVERED COLLECTOR these collectors are best suited for

low temperature applications where the demand temperature is below 30°C.

Unglazed collectors are usually made of black plastic that has been stabilized to withstand ultraviolet light.

Since these collectors have no glazing, a larger portion of the Sun's energy is absorbed.

However, because they are not insulated a large portion of the heat absorbed is lost, particularly when it is windy and not warm outside. 

SOLAR POND A pool of very salty water in which convection is

inhibited, allowing accumulation of energy from solar radiation in the lower layers.

Fresh water floats on top of salt water Solar heating of the brine raises its

temperature to 85°C

SOLAR ENERGY FOR SPACE HEATING

A solar space heating system can consist of a passive system, an active system, or a

combination of both. Passive systems are typically less costly and less complex than active systems. However, when retrofitting a building,

active systems might be the only option for obtaining solar energy

GUIDELINES FOR SPACE HEATINGCertain guidelines that should be followed: A building should have large areas of

glazing facing the sun to maximize solar gain.

Features should be included to regulate heat intake to prevent overheating.

A building should be of sufficient mass to allow heat storage for the required period.

Contain features which promote the even distribution of heat throughout the building.

PASSIVE SOLAR SPACE HEATING

Passive Solar Space Heating takes advantage of warmth from the sun through design features, such as large south-facing windows, and materials in the floors or walls that absorb warmth during the day and release that warmth at night when it is needed most.

PASSIVE SOLAR DESIGN SYSTEMS USUALLY HAVE ONE OF THE THREE DESIGNS

Direct Gain stores and slowly releases heat energy collected

from the sun shining directly into the building and warming materials such as tile or concrete .

Indirect Gain uses materials that hold, store, and release heat;

the material is located between the sun and living space.

Isolated Gain collects solar energy remote from the location of the

primary living area

ACTIVE SOLAR SPACE HEATING

Active solar space heating systems consist of collectors that collect and absorb solar radiation combined with electric fans or pumps to transfer and distribute that solar heat.

Active systems also generally have an energy storage system to provide heat when the sun is not shining.

The two basic types of active solar space-heating systems use either liquid or air as the heat-transfer medium in their solar energy collectors

Liquid-based systems heat water and air-based systems heat air in the collector.

Both of these systems collect and absorb solar radiation, then transfer the solar heat directly to the interior space or to a storage system, from which the heat is distributed.

An auxiliary or backup system provides heat when storage is discharged.

Liquid systems are more often used when storage is included.

TROMBE WALL COLLECTOR A Trombe wall has thermal mass placed behind a south

wall of glass Sometimes barrels filled with water are stacked in this

space as a thermal storage capacitor The air in this area is heated and then passes into the rest

of the house At night, the thermal inertia of the water-filled drums keeps

heating the air These areas are often used to grow plants in winter

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