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SOLAR THERMAL IN MAJOR RENOVATIONS AND PROTECTED URBAN AREAS

TRANSFER GUIDELINE ON STAKEHOLDER COOPERATION

The UrbanSolPlus project is supported by:

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Ing. Riccardo Battisti, Arch. Chiara Wolter Ambiente Italia srl www.ambienteitalia.it 5.04.2012 Deliverable: WP 3: Adaptation & Transfer Task 3.2: Adaptation and transfer to implementation instruments Deliverable 3.2: Transfer guidelines Legal Disclaimer: The sole responsibility for the content of this publication lies with the authors. It does not neces-sarily reflect the opinion of the funding authorities. Neither the authors nor the funding authori-ties are responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.

TABLE OF CONTENTS 2

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Introduction ..........................................................................................................................3

2. State-of-the-art of technique / architectural integration ..........................................................3

3. Identification of opportunities and barriers ............................................................................4

3.1. Opportunities .................................................................................................................. 4 3.2. Barriers........................................................................................................................... 4

4. Activities & stakeholders ......................................................................................................4

4.1. Activities ......................................................................................................................... 4 4.2. Stakeholders .................................................................................................................. 4

5. Presentation of tools ............................................................................................................8

6. Examples .............................................................................................................................9

USP | TRANSFER GUIDELINE – STAKEHOLDER COOPERATION 3

1. INTRODUCTION

The aim of this document is to resume the key points to be considered in order to make the stakeholder cooperate on a project: this approach increase the successful results of the action and make easier its realization. The guideline is developed basing on models of stakeholder cooperation already implemented in several locations, which have provided successful results. The cooperation models were ana-lyzed in their articulation, to better understand their characteristics and their criticism. Some ex-amples are shown at the end of the guideline, and on the basis of the gathered models the local actors can define their own tools, with the aim of making the use of solar thermal an every-day-business. The description of both positive and negative sides should prevent replicating past errors and open the process for local adaptation.

2. STATE-OF-THE-ART OF TECHNIQUE / ARCHITECTURAL INTEGRATION

The early and focused involvement of all the players needed in each and every stage for the installation of a solar plant, from the planning, through the authorization, to the financing and installation, is very important for the controlled implementation of the project. In most case the willingness of having a solar plant (independently of the size of the plant) is cut off by external factors, which are either enough taken into account at the beginning or against whom the investor or the owner of the plant stands completely alone. Stakeholder cooperation models can help in solving arisen problems and also in avoiding them. The models presented in this document are very different and attest to a situation made of many pilot initiatives, indeed there is not yet of a commonly approach to similar actions. The models can be generally divided in three sectors, mainly dependent on the problem to be faced: authorization: very often the authorization to install a solar plant in protected areas are denied even for buildings without particular constraints, and based mostly on prejudices. The involve-ment of all the authorizing bodies (building permits, cultural heritage…) is an important step in achieving good results. design and technical matters: new solutions are often contrasted without considering the use-fulness of the plant, the location, the advantages and energy consumption reduction. The key points of a solar plant should have the chance to be presented and considered. financing: the realization of a solar plant can be achieved also if the owners can’t finance it by their own. The involvement of an ESCo or other TPF can make it possible also without losing all the economical gain.


3. IDENTIFICATION OF OPPORTUNITIES AND BARRIERS

3.1. Opportunities

+ Increase of the installation issues: by the realization of plants in new situations, the cooperation models can be a decisive action in order to make it happen. The success of the action can be the base of a standard procedure, increasing the feasibility of that kind of project and consequently the number of installations.

+ Financing funding: the stakeholder cooperation model can increase the feasibility of a project opening the market also if no capital is available.

+ Acceptance of Solar Thermal: more information can ease the acceptance of the inter-vention among the involved communities or categories. If the acceptance grows, more and more projects will be realized and more and more examples will be available to be seen and to be evaluated. A good realization in a protected area is likely to be a good multiplier tool.

+ Verification of the intervention scheme: in a good working cooperation model the players involved are keen to make the process as easy and as efficient as possible. Each player can give their contribution to the process improvement.

3.2. Barriers

- Players not available: some player are not willing to attend to meetings, because they are afraid to waste their time, or because they think they do not need a better informa-tion. To overcome the prejudices is the first goal to reach.

- Lack of willingness to a compromise: sometime the positions are strong retained and there is no possibility to reach a compromise.

- Lack of managing capacity: if managing skills are missing, the whole process can be-come messy and ineffective. Time and human resources are decreasing more and more, therefore a straight organization is the key of the successful intervention scheme.

4. ACTIVITIES & STAKEHOLDERS

4.1. Stakeholders

Important stakeholder to be addressed within the activities are: Architects and planners: have the technical know-how and are able to explain advantages of

the solar plants and can speak to the authorization authorities Local authorities: have the authoritative role for the activities on buildings and for the

installation of solar plants. They have the power to make the process easy and to simplify the procedures. On the contrary they might be-


come a bottleneck. They can also organize a reference group for campaigning and networking actions.

Cultural heritage offices: protected areas, ancient part of the old cities, old buildings are often

free of solar plants even if the municipality has produced simplified permitting procedures. The involvement of the cultural heritage offic-es is very important in order to elaborate common standard guide-lines for the most used measures and interventions

Energy Service Companies: ESCos can propose particular contracting models with perfor-

mance guarantees, e.g. sharing the economical advantages of the plants. Furthermore ESCos have the financial power to perform the intervention also if the owner doesn’t want to finance it by himself.

Tenants/owners: the owners and the tenants of the buildings are a crucial partner in

the whole process. Associations of property managers can be in-volved also, because of their authority in the decisional process.

Associations of manufacturers: the category’s associations are interested in fast and lean

process from the first step to the realization. Their experience is very useful, and their presence can facilitate the contribution of the institu-tional bodies.

Crafts: The group of craftsmen to carry out the projects is very interesting

because they have the best experience on the ground. In addition, this group is interested in repeat business (installation of the plants and maintenance), and thus the construction of additional plants.

The relationship between these actors can be different after the chosen business model. Te-nants and owners can be initiator of an implementation or simply interested from an investment decided and defined by other entities, the same can be said for ESCos, which can initiate a fruit-ful project or be selected from building owners for the realization and the financing of a solar plant. As already said, the permission authorities can, in every situation, have a pushing or a braking effect. Therefore in every case is very important to make all the involved parts aware about goals to be achieved and the step needed to reach the expected results. Only when every actor is completely clear about his duties and his wins the operation has the possibility to be successful!


example1

DECISION MAKER IMPLEMENTATION PERMISSIONS/ MULTIPLICATION

example2


Architects and Planners

ESCo

Local Authorities

Associations of manufacturers

Cultural heritage offices

Crafts

Tenants owners

Local Authorities



ESCo


Crafts

Tenants owners


example3


4.2. Activities

definition of the intervention scheme and the timeframe: the first step in the deci-sion process is the detection of the most useful intervention scheme for the actual

needs. The timeframe has to be set also, and this can be a crucial point in choosing one or the other solution. Not only the time for the realization is important here but also the sought payback time, or the contracting duration.

definition of stakeholder categories to be involved: after the detection of the suit-able cooperation model, the stakeholder categories involved has to be defined too and contacted. The simple and the complex realization can follow very different ways of de-velopment.

first consultation with the most difficult stakeholder: the future brings always some surprises, therefore it is often difficult to foresee the main barriers already from the be-ginning, but when some difficulties are known or as soon as the problem becomes clear, it is very important to organize some preliminary consultation with the more de-manding stakeholder.

ESCo

Tenants owners

Local Authorities


Local Authorities



Crafts


networking activities for know-how transfer: the competences and the evolution of the acting possibilities are often only in the hands of the few people dealing with it. Net-working activities can provide the main player with the most recent solutions and trends. Manufacturers associations and other representatives from the market or from the final user can be the main player in this networking activities, feeding in all the news from the market and from the building site!

training on process management: to have a good steering pool, achieving the best management many skills are required: a good knowledge of the matter (STS), a practi-cal acquaintance of the permitting conditions in protected areas, a bright and smart problem solving attitude and a suitable skill in facilitating, building consensus and man-age dysfunction. A training course on the process management could be helpful for those who want carry out cooperation models (e.g. local authorities, category’s associa-tions…)

5. PRESENTATION OF TOOLS

stakeholder cooperation models booklet: a collection of all the proven stakeholder models has to be used as advertising material. It has not to be a complete guideline but it should present and comment the existing local models and their results.

contracting models: a collection of contracting models can be used for an easier in-volvement of ESCos. In case of energy performance guarantee or gain sharing scheme, the availability of proven contracts increases the acceptance and encourages the owner to similar schemes.

workshop on barriers: the organization of workshops on particular issues seen as bar-riers out of a specific project let start a sort of ‘dialogue’ between all the players. Struc-tured like stakeholder roundtable, not like a public event, it can be a ‘red wire’ through all the problems and toward strengthened solutions.

training courses about communication and facilitation: communication and facilita-tion helps the decision makers from opposite sides to find a consensus on initiatives and solutions.

articles and information channels: the media has to be supplied continuously with ar-ticles and structured information about success cases on STS in protected areas, and also particular solutions can be shown in order to build a culture around this approach and the capillary sprawling of solar thermal systems. The information channels have to be chosen among those about ST, RES, energy in general, buildings in each country.

campaigning for tenants or property management manager: few information but well structured, produced to give an answer to all the questions, which can arise in front of the decision for a STS, have to be collected. A sort of vademecum containing all the topic issues, the local institutions, local authorities and offices involved in the authoriza-tion process, manufacturer associations, etc.


6. EXAMPLES

Many examples are available in the UrbanSolPlus webpage under ‘stakeholder cooperation models’, but few of them can be proposed here directly.

Cooperation model designation Solar thermal in district heating systems

for heat supply in buildings

COUNTRY

several

General Description

District heating (DH) is becoming more and more, in sev-eral EU countries, an appealing technology for supplying thermal energy to single blocks or even entire quarters. The rising fuel prices and the need for cutting polluting emissions make the use of clean and renewable energy technologies very interesting. Several examples of solar thermal (ST) connected to district heating grids are oper-ating today, especially in Austria, Denmark, Germany and Sweden. Leaving aside the use of ST, owned by the utility, as one of the sources for centralized heat production, there exist a bunch of examples where distributed, pri-vately owned small solar thermal plants are connected to the existing district heating grid. In these cases, adequate models for heat transfer and metering were adopted and will be here described. In particular, three different examples will be analyzed:

- Berlinerring plant in Graz (AT): ESCO funded project in which the solar plant is connected to the existing DH network

- Hamburg (DE): home owners who produce heat with the aid of solar-thermal systems can feed it into the grid of E.ON paying for “parking” the heat during the summer and taking it back in winter time

Vislanda (SE): the solar plant is connected to the local dis-trict heating system and the housing association has a net-metering contract with the district heat supplier

Period/ starting date 2003 for AT, 2009 for SE

City of region Graz (Austria), Hamburg (Germany), Vislanda (Sweden)


Images AT DE

SE

Initiator of the concept AT: SOLID (solar thermal); DE: E.ON. (utility); SE: Allbohus

(Municipal housing association)

SWOT ANALYSIS

Strengths

Win-win cooperation among several different actors; Exploiting the already existing energy infrastructures

(district heating grid and storage); No large investment needed (because of the previous

consideration); Use of an ESCO model to finance the project;

Opportunities

The model can easily be replicated taking the oppor-tunity of renovation activities;

Relevant economic savings by combining solar thermal with roof renovation and by using large-scale solar col-lectors;

Threats

The involvement of stakeholders (e.g. flat owners) must be carried out from the very beginning, in order to optimize the project from an energy and an eco-nomic point of view;

Improve-

ments/Recommendations

Involvement of stakeholders should start very early; Standardised and pre-assembled technical equipment

(e.g. sub-station for heat exchange and metering) should be available;

Replication potential

Highly replicable models especially in the following conditions: o need for roof or thermal plant renovation in build-ings; o presence of an existing district heating grid (with


or without seasonal storage); o availability of an ESCO for project financing;

Lessons Learned

Not many subcontracts in the tendering of the plant development;

Starting together with renovation activities allows to lower the costs and improve the plant efficiency.

Cooperation model designation Initiative for promoting solar thermal in

Stuttgart’s multi-family house sector

COUNTRY

Germany

General Description

In Stuttgart an initiative was initiated by Solites, the City of Stuttgart and the local energy agency (EBZ) in the year 2010. Furthermore the house owner association, the local handicraft association and five solar thermal manufactur-ers were involved. The aim of the initiative was to pro-mote solar thermal in Stuttgart’s existing multi-family houses (3 – 12 dwelling units) and to reach a “critical mass” regarding demand and supply for this specific sec-tor leading to a perceivable market as a model case for Stuttgart. A first one year phase of the initiative was per-formed from March 2010 to May 2011 within the IEE ProSTO-project. The conducted measures aimed on the reduction of bar-riers. These were mainly the lack of knowledge about the application of solar thermal by house owners, investors and tenants. Furthermore the need of specific qualifica-tion of installers, planers, architects and energy advisers. And finally the lack of awareness of the benefit and eco-nomic parameters for investors, tenants and installers. Consequently the work program focused on communica-tion towards house owners, training of handicraft and rea-lization of best practices. The initiative focused on various meetings with the partic-ipating stakeholders. This included the organization of in-formation seminars and communication activities. The next step was the realization of best practice examples. Six interested multi-family-house owners contacted the local energy agency or Solites as an outcome of the local seminars. In total four solar thermal plants were planned in the frame of the initiative. The aim of this activity was


the demonstration of the economical feasibility of solar thermal for house owners and renters and to create ‘real life’-show cases which can be used for publications and can be visited with interested potential investors (excur-sions). A first result of the initiative was that the topic “solar thermal” was brought on the agenda of important stake-holders, e.g. City of Stuttgart, energy agency, handicraft association, house owner association. Furthermore first solar thermal plants have been realized in the multi-family house sector. For reaching a “critical mass” further steps have to be made.

Period/ starting date March 2010 – May 2011

City of region Stuttgart, Germany

Contact institution with Internet

links

Solites, Steinbeis Research Institute for Solar and Sustain-

able Thermal Energy Systems www.solites.de

Images

Initiator of the concept

Solites, Steinbeis Research Institute for Solar and Sustain-able Thermal Energy Systems City of Stuttgart, Office for Environmental Protection Energie Beratungszentrum Stuttgart e.V. (local energy agency)

Other parties involved

Innung Sanitär und Heizung Stuttgart (local handicraft as-sociation) Stuttgarter Haus und Grundbesitzerverein e.V. Haus & Grund Stuttgart (house owner association) ST manufacturers:


Bosch Thermotechnik GmbH, Paradigma Deutschland GmbH, SOLVIS GmbH & Co KG, Viessmann Deutschland GmbH, Wagner & Co So-lartechnik GmbH

SWOT ANALYSIS

Strengths

Interest of house owners, handicraft, planners, etc. for solar thermal is raised;

Target group is directly reached and information can be provided

(boundary conditions: financing, cost allocation, …);

First realized systems that can be shown to new inter-ested persons as best practice examples;

Direct communication platform between stakeholders (house owners, handicraft, collector manufactures, …);

Weakness Effort in organizing events; Participation of stakeholders is voluntary; One year period is too short (continuation is planned);

Opportunities

Existing RES heat law for existing buildings; General pressure on energy performance of buildings; Positive RES business attitude of market actors; Lack of RES heat alternatives;

Threats Lack of interest in single technologies; Low awareness about solar thermal;

Improve-

ments/Recommendations

Professionalize the support process for potential inves-tors (house visits, request for offers, …);

Integrate handicraft as important link between manu-factures and house owners;

Replication potential High, the stakeholder cooperation model is suitable for many cities in Europe;

Lessons Learned

Many publications and lots of promotion is necessary to reach the house owners;

Duration of initiative has to be long enough for reach-ing a critical mass;

Combine the solar thermal initiative with RES and/or efficient heating.

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