Solar Technology Basics
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Solar Technology Basics
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Module 1 : Solar Technology Basics
Module 2: Solar Photo Voltaic Module Technologies
Module 3: Designing Solar PV Systems ( Rooftops)
Module 4: Designing Solar PV Systems (Utility Scale)
Module 5: Financial Analysis
Module 6: DPR (Detailed Project Report) & EPC
Module 7: The present Solar industry scenario and the future
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Solar Panels: A eco-friendly electric generator
The Definition: A collection of individual silicon cells that generateelectricity from sunlight.
The physics: The photons (light particles) produce an electrical current as theystrike the surface of the thin silicon wafers.
The bright side: Generating free power from the sun by converting sunlight toelectricity with –
no moving parts zero emissionsno maintenance
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Technology Options for Solar power
Parabolic Dish
Solar Power
Thermal
Low Temperature
<100°C.
Solar Water Heating (FP/ET)
Solar Chimney
Solar Pong
Med Temp <400°C. Focusing Parabolic
High Temp. >400°C.
Central Tower.
PV
Technology
Mono Crystalline
Silicon
Polycrystalline Silicon
Amorphous Silicon
Production Process
Wafer
Thin Film
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Solar Photo Voltaic
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Electricity Generation
Photovoltaic cells directly convert sunlight Into electricity.
Current is produced based on types of silicon (n- and p-types) used for the layers.
Since there are no moving parts, there is no wear.
Lifespan is about 20-25 years.
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Solar PV technologies are usually classified into three generations, depending on the basis material used and the level of commercial
maturity.
First generation PV System:
Use of wafer based crystalline silicon (c-Si) either single crystalline
or multi-crystalline.
Second Generation PV Systems: Based on the thin-film technology and generally includes: Amorphous silicon admium Telluride (CdTe) and copper Indium – Selenide (CIS) & Copper Indium Gallium Di-Selenide (CIGS)
Third Generation PV Systems:
Concentrating Solar PV (CPV), Desensitize PV, Polymer cells etc. are
still in demonstration or have not yet been
commercialized widely.
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Single/mono-crystalline silicon solar cell
• Pure and hence more efficient.
• Most efficient solar cell technology till date, having a module efficiency of 15-19%.
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Multi-Crystalline silicon solar cell (poly-Si or mc-Si)
• Multiple layers of silicon and hence the name.
• These cells have module efficiency of around 12-15%.
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THIN FILM POLYCRYSTALLINE
SOLAR CELL
These are the new generation solar cells that contain multiple thin film layers of just 1 micron thick of photo voltaic materials.
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Thin film cell technology• Multiple thin layers of photovoltaic materials are
imposed on a low cost substrate to form solar thin films. Different types of thin film solar cells available are:
• Amorphous silicon (Efficiency: 5-7%)• Copper indium di-selenide (Efficiency: 9-11%)• Cadmium telluride (Efficiency: 8.5%)• Dye- sensitized (Efficiency: 5-12%)
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Solar Thermal
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SOLAR THERMAL SYSTEMS Convert solar energy in the form of heat as the main energy source.
Main application:
1. Cooking2. Water heating3. Refrigeration4. Electric power generation
The heart of a solar thermal system is solar collector. It absorbs solar heat, and transfers it to the system.
There are different design concepts for collectors such as flat-plate collectors, evacuated flat-plate collectors, evacuated-tube collectors and concentrating collectors.