Solar System Formation Interstellar Cloud Collapses This cloud is called a nebula This cloud is...
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Transcript of Solar System Formation Interstellar Cloud Collapses This cloud is called a nebula This cloud is...
Solar System FormationSolar System Formation
Interstellar Cloud CollapsesInterstellar Cloud Collapses This cloud is called a nebulaThis cloud is called a nebula Contains Hydrogen (92%), Helium (7%) and Contains Hydrogen (92%), Helium (7%) and
less than one percent other materialsless than one percent other materials Why?Why?
• Not knownNot known• Heat and Pressure Drop and Loses Against Heat and Pressure Drop and Loses Against
GravityGravity
Solar System FormationSolar System Formation
Center of Mass Forms a Star, Additional Center of Mass Forms a Star, Additional Mass is attracted towards the center and Mass is attracted towards the center and form a nebulaform a nebula Rotational Speed of the Cloud IncreasesRotational Speed of the Cloud Increases Think Figure SkaterThink Figure Skater
Star and Planet FormationStar and Planet Formation
The Spinning Nebula Flattens in a DiskThe Spinning Nebula Flattens in a Disk Think Pizza DoughThink Pizza Dough
Planets Form from the Disk of Gas and Planets Form from the Disk of Gas and DustDust PlanetesimalsPlanetesimals
• Small irregular shape bodiesSmall irregular shape bodies
Formation of PlanetsFormation of Planets
InnerInner High TempsHigh Temps Only Metals (Fe and Only Metals (Fe and
Silicates) SolidifiedSilicates) Solidified Small, because of the Small, because of the
sun’s gravitational pullsun’s gravitational pull
OuterOuter Cold TempsCold Temps Ices of Ammonia, Ices of Ammonia,
Methane, Carbon Methane, Carbon Dioxide and Water Dioxide and Water where able to solidifywhere able to solidify
Became large enough Became large enough to capture the to capture the remaining He and remaining He and HydrogenHydrogen
Orion NebulaOrion Nebula
Eagle NebulaEagle Nebula
Lagoon NebulaLagoon Nebula
Horse Head NebulaHorse Head Nebula
Asteroids Asteroids
Large Rocks Orbiting the SunLarge Rocks Orbiting the Sun Most are Found in the Asteroid Belt Most are Found in the Asteroid Belt
Between Mars and JupiterBetween Mars and Jupiter Why do we have a Asteroid Belt?Why do we have a Asteroid Belt?
Most Scientist Believe that the Asteroid Belt is Most Scientist Believe that the Asteroid Belt is made up of remnants of a planet that would of made up of remnants of a planet that would of formed had it not been for Jupiterformed had it not been for Jupiter
Solar System DebrisSolar System Debris
Meteors and AsteroidsMeteors and Asteroids Meteor: Bright Streak of Lights in the SkyMeteor: Bright Streak of Lights in the Sky Meteoroid: the Particles that Bring About the Meteoroid: the Particles that Bring About the
LightLight Meteorites: Are the Remnants of a Meteoroid Meteorites: Are the Remnants of a Meteoroid
found on Earthfound on Earth
Properties and StatsProperties and Stats
FrequencyFrequency 300 tons of Extraterrestrial Rock and Dust Fall 300 tons of Extraterrestrial Rock and Dust Fall
on Earth Each Dayon Earth Each Day Usually you Can See a Meteor once Every Usually you Can See a Meteor once Every
Several Minutes on any Given NightSeveral Minutes on any Given Night 3 Types3 Types
Stony 94%Stony 94% Irons 5%Irons 5% Stony Irons 1%Stony Irons 1%
CometsComets
Dirty SnowballsDirty Snowballs 1-10 km in Diameter1-10 km in Diameter Orbit the Sun, Produce a “Tail” When they Orbit the Sun, Produce a “Tail” When they
get within 3 AU of the Sunget within 3 AU of the Sun Tail Points Away from the SunTail Points Away from the Sun Two Types of CometsTwo Types of Comets
Short Period (Orbital Period < 200yrs)Short Period (Orbital Period < 200yrs) Long Period (Orbital Period > 200yrs)Long Period (Orbital Period > 200yrs)
Anatomy of a CometAnatomy of a Comet
Typical Comet OrbitTypical Comet Orbit
Comet Hale Bopp 1997Comet Hale Bopp 1997
Comet Hale BoppComet Hale Bopp
Comets StatsComets Stats EccentricityEccentricity
0.9950.995
Orbital PeriodOrbital Period 2537 Years2537 Years
Next VisitNext Visit 43804380
Haley’s Comet 1986Haley’s Comet 1986
Comets StatsComets Stats EccentricityEccentricity
0.9670.967
PeriodPeriod 76 Years76 Years 20612061
CometsComets
Oort CloudOort Cloud 100,000 AU from the Solar System100,000 AU from the Solar System Long Period CometsLong Period Comets Orbital Periods Greater than a Million YearsOrbital Periods Greater than a Million Years
Oort CloudOort Cloud
CometsComets
Kupier BeltKupier Belt 30-500 AU30-500 AU 35,000 objects with Diameters Greater than 35,000 objects with Diameters Greater than
100km100km Short Period Comets Originate From HereShort Period Comets Originate From Here Haley’s CometHaley’s Comet
Kupier BeltKupier Belt
Fate of CometsFate of Comets
Each Time a Comet Passes about 1% of Each Time a Comet Passes about 1% of the nucleus is burned offthe nucleus is burned off
Dust Particles Break Off, if Earth’s Orbit Dust Particles Break Off, if Earth’s Orbit intersects comets orbit, We Experience intersects comets orbit, We Experience Meteor ShowersMeteor Showers
If Pass Very Shortly After the Comet If Pass Very Shortly After the Comet Passes, We Experience a Meteor StormPasses, We Experience a Meteor Storm
Famous Meteor ShowersFamous Meteor Showers
ShowerShower DatesDates CometComet
LyridsLyrids April 20 -23April 20 -23 Comet 1861 IComet 1861 I
EtaEta May 3 – 5May 3 – 5 Halley’sHalley’s
PerseidsPerseids Aug. 12Aug. 12 Comet 1862 IIIComet 1862 III
OrionidsOrionids Oct 20Oct 20 Halley’s CometHalley’s Comet
TauridsTaurids Nov. 3 – 13Nov. 3 – 13 Comet EnckeComet Encke
LeonidsLeonids Nov. 18Nov. 18 Comet 1866 IComet 1866 I
Shoemaker Levy 9 Jul/Aug 94Shoemaker Levy 9 Jul/Aug 94
SL9 Cont’dSL9 Cont’d
Meteor ShowerMeteor Shower