Solar System
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Transcript of Solar System
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Solar System
Geocentric = Earth (geo) is center of universe
Heliocentric = Sun (helio) is center of universe
Which is correct?
Heliocentric… proved by Copernicus and Galileo.
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Solar Nebula Theory
How to make a solar system:
1. Start with nebula = a large cloud of dust and gas.
2. The nebula begins to spin and contract from gravity. This creates a flattened disk.
ie: pizza, skirt on spinning ice skater.
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Solar Nebula Theory
3. The middle of the disk reaches high temp. and ignites!
Nuclear Fusion = when lighter elements combine into heavier elements (Hydrogen + Hydrogen = Helium)
4. Voila… a star is formed.
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Planet Formation
Dust and rocks begin to clump together… like a snowball = accretion.
Planetesimals = objects size of small moons with gravitational fields.
Differentiation = dense materials sink to form core, light materials float and form crust.
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Planets
Definition (2006):
1. Must orbit around the Sun.
2. Enough mass to be a sphere.
3. Cleared the “neighborhood” around its orbit.
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Planet Groups
Terrestrial Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars.
-- Rocky surface-- Small diameter -- High density-- Few moons
Jovian Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.
-- No surface-- Large diameter-- Low density-- Many moons
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Pluto
Pluto resides in Kuiper Belt.
In 2005, Eris (same size as Pluto) found in Kuiper Belt.
Pluto does not clear out its orbit
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Kuiper Belt
Region located 30 to 55 AU (past Neptune).
1,300 objects discovered so far.
May have over a trillion comets and 200 dwarf planets.
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Elliptical OrbitsAll planet have elliptical (oval) orbits.
Eccentricity = how flat
1. Two fixed points within ellipse (foci)2. Sun is at one of the foci.
Circle = 0 eccentricityLine = 1 eccentricity
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Gravity
Aristotle = heavy objects fall faster than light objects.
Kepler = laws of planetary motion (didn’t know cause).
Galileo = first to test “how objects fall” (didn’t know cause).
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Isaac Newton
Gravity is a force.
From Galileo’s ideas he determines that the moon is falling into Earth, but keeps missing it (orbit).
Thought experiment – gravity cannon.
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Asteroids
Rocky and Metallic objects that orbit the sun.
Most located between Mars and Jupiter.
Periodically destroy all life on Earth.
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Comets
Ball of dust and ice that revolves around the sun.
“Dirty snowball”.
Most come from Kuiper Belt and Oort Cloud… very far from Sun.
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Exoplanet
Exoplanet = planet orbiting another star.
Over 1,075 confirmed so far.
First rocky planet found.