Feasibility of Solar Powered Light rail system in LahoreBY: JAMSHAID MINHAS

Electrical Energy & Mobility Systems

Introduction Location

Latitude 31.31 oNLongitude 74.40 oEElevation 217 m

Road network 1244 Km Population 9-10 Million City Area 420 Km2

Bus Routes: ~ 100 Daily Traffic 17.6 M trips

Annual solar radiation - horizontal 1.71 MWh/m² Annual solar radiation - tilted 1.86 MWh/m²

Source: NESPAK

[1]

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Mode of travelling

MODE Trips (,000) PercentagePercentage Excluding

PedestriansPublic Transport 3,409 19.3% 35.4%

Private Vehicles

Cars 2,894 16.4% 30.1%

Motorcycle/ Bicycles

3,314 18.8% 34.5%

Mechanized Total 9,617 54.5% 100%

Walk 8,050 455.5% -

Total 17,667 100% -

Lahore Rapid Mass Transit System Green Line/ Main Line (Completed 2013)

Proposed Capacity 380,000 PassengersLength 27 KmStations 22One side trip 45 min (Avg. 33 Km/h)Daily ridership 15,000 Passengers/hr(150,000 Passengers/day)No. of vehicles 64

Orange Line (under construction)Proposed Capacity 330,000 PassengersLength 27Km

Note: LRMTS have a dedicated track of average width 10 m.Source: NESPAK 2009 [2]

Green Line’s Green Future Total area of LRMTS green line track is 270,000

m2 (Excluding stations) A simple roof frame is needed to mount solar

panels above the track facing directly south with the slope of 31.55o.

166,000 Sunpower SPR-320E-WHT-D (320W)[3]

Solar panels can be installed above this track with an overall capacity of 52.8 MW.

[5]

Power Profile

Annual production 84,613 MWh/yr (tilted) Annual production 78,281 MWh/yr (horizontal) Mean output 232 MWh/day Hours of operation 4,384 hr/yr Levelized cost ~ 0.122 $/kWh

Source: NREL Homer Analysis

Note: Capacity factor for solar panels is 18.3%, transmission losses are 3%, and inverter/converter efficiency is 98%.

Light Rail Vehicle Model : Bombardier FLEXITY 2 Dimensions and Weight

Length: 32.2 m Height: 3.42 m Width: 2.65 m,Weight (empty): 40.9t

Technical CharacteristicsElectric system: 600 Vdc (overhead)Traction system: 4x120 kW 3-phase ASMs

Performance and Capacity Maximum speed: 70 km/h

Seated passengers: 74Standing passengers: 148Multipurpose areas: 2

[4]

System model No of light rails 24 Frequency 12/hr (one side) Daily ridership (forecast) 130,000 Daily energy requirement 184.32 MWh Annual energy requirement 67,276.8 MWh Excess energy sold to grid 17116.2 MWh Project life is 20 years with an operation of 16 hours/day

System Cost Power production:

Panels Cost: 42.24 M$, Installation cost: 116.16 M$,Total: 158.4 M$

Trains cost: ~79.2 M$ Total Capital: 237.6 M$ (excluding rail track & transmission lines)

Note: we are exchanging electricity with the grid on a flat rate of 0.122$/kWh

Cost AnalysisTerm

(5 years)Fix/Average

Fare($)

Income($)

Grid sales($)

Total($)

1st term 0.3 71.175 M 10.575 M 81.75 M

2nd term 0.4 94.9 M 10.575 M 105.475 M

3rd term 0.5 118.625 M 10.575 M 129.2 M

4th term 0.6 142.35 M 10.575 M 152.925 M

Total - 427.05 M 42.3 M 469.35 M

Equity Payback ~ 12 yearsSimple Payback ~ 20 years

Net annual GHG emission reduction is 32,245.9 tCO2 for electricity production which is equivalent to 5,906 cars & light trucks used in Pakistan.

Note: All calculations are applicable to the orange line too as it is identical to green line in dimensions and length.

References[1] G. o. Punjab, "Lahore Metro Project," Lahore, Pakistan, 2013.

[2] SYSTRA, "Lahore Metro, Green and Orange lines," Lahore, Pakistan, 2013.

[3] "Sunpower SPR-320E-WHT-D (320W) Solar Panel," Solar Design Tool, 29 Jan 2013. [Online]. Available: http://www.solardesigntool.com/components/module-panel-solar/Sunpower/1186/SPR-320E-WHT-D/specification-data-sheet.html.

[4] Bombardier, "FLEXITY 2 Trams," 29 Jan 2013. [Online]. Available: http://www.bombardier.com/en/transportation/products-services/rail-vehicles/light-rail-vehicles/flexity-2-trams.html.

[5] H. A. K. M. K. S. A. Syed Husain Imran Jaffery, "A STUDY ON THE FEASIBILITY OF SOLAR POWERED RAILWAY SYSTEM FOR LIGHT WEIGHT URBAN TRANSPORT".