April 1

3, 2

02

3

1

NPD

CL

• TRAINING PROGRAM ON PLANNERS TO THE PROMOTION OF PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION IN JAPAN FROM13 AUG-13 SEP 2013

Training was conducted by Japan international co- operation Agency(JICA) under Technical co operation

To understand the policies, technical conditions for promoting PV technology.

April 1

3, 2

02

3

2

NPD

CL

TABLE OF CONTENTS

• About JICA

• Knowledge Management • Japan government policies • Basics of PV System • PDM(Electrification of Rural areas off-grid(SHS)

with PV technologies

April 1

3, 2

02

3

3

NPD

CL

JICA(JAPAN INTERNATIONAL CO OPERATION AGENCY)

Its main aim it to reduction poverty, improving governance, Achieving human security.

Now JICA can comprehensively provide major 3 schemes of assistance (grant Aid, yen loan and Technical Assistance) to meet the requirements of developing countries.

JICA grant Aid(yen102.4 billion),yen loan( yen 677.7 billion) and Technical Assistance( yen 168.8 billion) for 2010 fiscal year.(1Rs=1.63yen)

April 1

3, 2

02

3

4

KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVE, TWO TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE

Tacit Knowledge

Subjective and experimental knowledgethat can not be expressed in words, sentences or numbers

Explicit Knowledge

Objective and rational Knowledge

that can be expressed in words, sentences or numbers

Needs to improve Needs to improve

April 1

3, 2

02

3N

PD

CL

Solar Power

Generation System

Training Course in JICA Kansai

1. Introduction Knowledge Management Perspective

“Iceberg”

Explicit Knowledge

Tacit Knowledge

Source: N, Konno,1999,"Chishikikeieiin Japanese).

April 1

3, 2

02

3N

PD

CL

6

Solar Power

Generation System

Training Course in JICA Kansai

Conclusion① Overview & Implications of Knowledge Management

“Iceberg” Report

Explicit Knowledge

Know-how

Tacit Knowledge

Belief,Experiences・・・ no susume", Chikumashobo,(in Japanese).

©2013 Y. NIIZEKI 42

April 1

3, 2

02

3N

PD

CL

7

POLICIES

April 1

3, 2

02

3N

PD

CL

8

DATA

Annual average irradiation 3.2-4.0Kwh/sq m/day

Total area 377835km Total

population127.7m Total Budget US$672b Total installed

capacity 208GW Total PV installed

capacity6.6GW

Annual average irradiation 6.0KWh/sq m/day

Total area3287590km

Total population1.21b

Total Budget U$309b Total installed

capacity 210GW Total PV installed

capacity 1.4GW

JAPAN INDIA

April 1

3, 2

02

3N

PD

CLCountry Report of Japan (1)

Organizational Framework of Energy Sector: Policy Formulation,Implementation, and Monitoring and Evaluation

10 Councils

AdvisoryCommittee forNaturalResources andEnergy

Ministry of Economy, Tradeand Industry: 8161 staffmembers, 2013 annual budget895 billion Yen (0.94 % of totalnational budget)“http://www.meti.go.jp/english/index.html”

10 IndependentAdministrative

Agencies

(a) National Institute ofAdvanced Industrial Scienceand Technology (AIST), (b)New Energy and IndustrialTechnology DevelopmentOrganization (NEDO)Sub-

Committees andWork Groups

Agency for NaturalResources and Energy:465 staff members

Many other energy relatedinstitutions

10

April 1

3, 2

02

3

10

NPD

CL

JAPAN GOVT POLICES TO PROMOTE PV SYSTEM

Sunshine project ( 1974) : Develop photovoltaic system with high

performance and affordable price by around 1990

NEDO: New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (1980)

Buy back system ( 1994) Excess power purchase FIT ( July 2012) Total installed capacity of Japan 208 GW

(March,2012) The PV installed capacity is 6.63 GW as on March

2012

April 1

3, 2

02

3

11

NPD

CL

BUYBACK PROGRAM AUG 2009 DURATION IS 10 YEARS(EXCESS POWER PURCHASE) The selling price is double of normal tariff sell 48 yen/KWh By consumer buy 23 Yen / KWh Every year it will be reviewed and revised Additional cost of on power company is to be

shared by Every customer as PV surcharge 0-120 17.87 Yen/KWh 120-300 22.86 Yen/KWh Domestic consumers

tariff Above 300 24.13 Yen/KwhMETI has Terminated this program and introduced FIT

in july 2012

April 1

3, 2

02

3

12

NPD

CL

SUBSIDY FOR RESIDENTIAL PV SYSTEMS

Responsible organizations for subsidy implementation

J-PEC JPEAConnected load is below 10KWFY 2012 35000Y/KW(System cost below

475000Y/KW) 30000Y/KW system cost 475000Y to

550000YNumber of application 329836Number of application got subsidy and installed

capacity is 197964 and 911 MW (April to Dec 12)

April 1

3, 2

02

3

13

NPD

CL

FEED IN TARIFF JULY 2012

Tariff set as follows 42Y/Kwh PV system >10KW period 20 years

34Y/Kwh PV system <10KW period 10 years

The tariffs are annual review Under FIT PV installed capacity from July 2012

to 12 August is -------------MW in japan Germany has introduced FIT in year 2010

and promoted PV system 24.7GW 2011 world largest

Outline of FIT (Feed In Tariff) and growth of PV market in Japan

■Price and period（ In case of more than 10kW in FY2013）

Price （ /kWh）

Period

JPY36 （ tax excluded）、JPY37.8（ tax included)

20years from operating date

■Growth of PV market afterenforcement of FIT

※Price of FY2012 is JPY40 (tax excluded)

【 Account of FIT price】

・ Installation cost: Approx. JPY280,000/kW

（ excluded land creation）・ Running cost : Approx. JPY10,000/kW

・ Annual generating power : Approx.1050kWh/kW

・ IRR : 6% (Wind power :8%, Small hydroelectric : 7%）(The first 3years IRR will be increased 1-2%)

※IRR:Internal Rate of Return

21

Total installation capacity of PV systemfrom July 2012 to February 2013 is 12.2GW

NISSIN ELECTRIC

April 1

3, 2

02

3N

PD

CL

15

Electric Power Companies in Japan

There are 10 utility companies.JAPAN

All companies:- Founded in 1951- Vertically integrated

Hokkaido7.4GW

Tohoku17GW

50Hz

60Hz

Hokuriku8GW

Chugoku12GW

Chubu33GW

Tokyo66GW

Frequency ConversionStations(3 sites, total 1,000MW)

500 km

Okinawa2GW

Kyushu21GW

Total: 208GW

Shikoku7GW Interconnection

Installed Generating Capacity as of March 31, 2012Copyright© 2013, Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Kansai35GW

550KV/275KV/154KV/77KV/22KV/6.6KV/200V, 100V

Basic PrincipleSun Light Current

N- type Silicon Sun Light Current

P/N junction:

:

Hole

Electron

P- type Silicon

When the sunlight enters into P/N junction, electric power isdirectly generated by semiconductor effect.Manufacturers of PV cell / module are struggling;1. to reduce the amount of silicon material to be consumed,2. to increase the conversion efficiency of PV cell / module, and3. to reduce the production cost.

Off-grid or Grid-connectedCharge

controller

Off-grid PVSystem

Storage battery

PV Array

Load UtilityGrid

Power ConditioningSystem (PCS)

Grid-ConnectedPV system

Load

Storage battery(Only for limited use)

WH

WH

The output of the PV system is basically unstable because itvaries depending on the weather, but connecting with the gridmakes it possible to constantly supply power to consumers.

Classification of PV cellsModule’s

Type Photo Features conversion

efficiency

MonocrystalMonocrystal about 200 microns thick is used as the substrate.

The conversion efficiency and reliability are high, but the price is high as well.

Polycrystal consisting of relatively small crystals is used as the substrate.

Polycrystal Compared with the monocrystal type, this is easy to manufacture and inexpensive, but the

efficiency is low.

This type is made by forming an amorphous or crystalline silicon film (about 1 micron thick) on

a glass substrate. The efficiency is lower than that of the crystalline silicon type.

This is a thin-film PV cell made from copper, indium, and selenium.

CIS The CIS type features resource saving and mass production, and is expected to have high

performance.

This is a thin-film PV cell made from cadmium and tellurium.

The CdTe type features resource saving, mass production, and low price.

This type is given by applying multiple junctions and condensing technologies to a compound

Condenser consisting of group-III and group-V elements.

The performance is high but the price is high.

Dye adhering to titanium oxide absorbs light and generates power.

The dye sensitizer type is in the R&D stage.

This type is made by coating a film using an organic semiconductor.

The organic thin-film is in the R&D stage.

Up to 11%

(Expected)

Up to 8%

Up to 42%

Up to 12%

Up to 15%

Up to 20%

Silicon

Crystal

Thin-film Up to 9%

CompoundCdTe Up to 11%

Dye sensitizer

Organic

Organic thin-film 11

(Source: NEDO White Paper on Renewable Energy)

April 1

3, 2

02

3N

PD

CL

19

Country Report of Japan (5)Regulation of Japanese Power Industry (1)

(a) Electricity Business Act regulates the power industry, and safety ofpower facilities and equipment.

(b) Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Agency for Natural Resourcesand Energy is in charge of this act and regulates the industry throughimplementation rules and regulations based on the act.

(c) Power supply has been deregulated over the past decade, and liberalizedup to large customers.

(d) East Japan Great Earth Quack and Tsunami on March 11 2011, andthe following nuclear disaster of Fukushima Nuclear Power Station I hasrequired significant change in the regulatory framework and method.Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry has been repealed of authorityto regulate nuclear power industry, which is now under Ministry ofEnvironment.

August 2013 22

April 1

3, 2

02

3N

PD

CL

20

Regulation of Japanese Power Industry

(1) In April 2013 the bill for the act for partially revision of ElectricityBusiness Act was approved by the cabinet and was submitted to thediet. The purpose of the bill is to create an independent institutionthat operates national power system by 2015 in stead of 10 powercompanies.

(2) Further, power supply to general household will be liberalized by 2016.Retail sales of electricity will be completely liberalized.

(3) Between 2018 and 2020, unbundling between power generation andtransmission is planned.

August 2013 28

April 1

3, 2

02

3

21

NPD

CL

ROUGH ESTIMATION OF PV GENERATION

Ep=PAS * HA * K * 365 days Ep = Expected annual energy (kWh/year) PAS = Rated capacity of PV array (kW) HA = Daily irradiation on yearly average

(kWh/m2/day) K = Total design factor (0.65 to 0.8 or about 0.7 in

average)

If a 10kW system, for example, is installed in Tokyo with the array having an optimal tilt angle and pointing south, then the annual energy generation is given as follows:

10 (kW) × 3.92 (kWh/m2 ･ day) × 0.7 × 365 (days) = 10,016 (kWh/year)

In case of India 10X6X.7X365=15330(Kwh/year)

April 1

3, 2

02

3

22

NPD

CL

ROUGH ESTIMATION OF REQUIRED AREA

Sunlight has energy 1KW/ m2 after it reaches the ground through space and atmosphere.

If PV cell conversion efficiency 15% 1KWX.15=.15KW because the conversion

efficiency of crystalline silicon cell is about 15%.This means that a power of 1KW requires an area about 6.6 m2. The thin film type can conversion efficiency is 8% so that the required area is about 12.5 m2 .In actual installation, a power of 1KW requires 10-15 m2 for maintenance space between PV arrays

Conclusion :Area depends upon the conversion efficiency

April 1

3, 2

02

3

23

NPD

CL

BASICS OF PV SYSTEMS

Basic components of PV system PV Modules, Battery, charge controller, Inverter(PCs),LoadTypes of solar PV systems On-grid(Grid-tied system) Roof top 1KW -5KW Centralized grid system Off-grid system stand alone system 20W-1KW Mini grid System 10KW-100KW

Basics of Solar PV Systems 1

Basics of Solar PV Systems

FeaturesofSolarPVSystemComponentsofsystemTypeofSystem

– Off-grid,On-gridSolarEnergy

Basics of Solar PV Systems 2

Electricity from Solar EnergyPV Module converts Solar energy into Electricity(DC)

LessSolarEnergyLessElectricity

MoreSolarEnergyMoreElectricity

Powergenerationchangesdaily

DCSolar Energy PV Module Electricity

Input Conversion Output

April 1

3, 2

02

3

25

NPD

CL

ACRONYMNS

METI - Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry ANRE-Agency for Natural Resources and Energy JPEA - Japan Photovoltaic Energy Association J-PEC Japan Photovoltaic Expansion Centre

April 1

3, 2

02

3

26

NPD

CL

CONCLUSIONS

Apply for training course( www.persmin.gov.in)

Punctuality, Cleanness ,Security Improve Explicit Knowledge Policies are more important to sustainable

growth. Technical knowledge (proper Design,

Maintenance, Installation) is Required PDM

April 1

3, 2

02

3N

PD

CL

27

April 1

3, 2

02

3N

PD

CL

28

THANK YOU

hussainmaloth@yahoo.com