Hanida Nor Azlan D20091035129Juvita Soumin D20091035100Mohd Aidil Ubaidillah Razilan D20091035132Nor Asmaliza Bakar D20091035095Nor Sharlida Mohd Jalailudin D20091035098Norhamidah Rohani D20091036643Suardi Nanang D20091035131

Sun supply us with enormous daily energy potential.

• Solar Heating System (SHS)

–Power from the sun–Free–Renewable energy–Pollution free ( emits nothing when

converted to energy)

• Light travels from the Sun to Earth about 8minutes 19seconds.

• By the time it reaches the earth’s surface, the energy from the sun has fallen about 1 000 watts/m2.

• SHS comprise several innovations and many mature renewable energy technologies that have been well established for many years.

• SHS has been widely used in Greece, Cyprus, Turkey, Australia, Japan, Austria and China.

• Using magnifying glass that was used to concentrate sun’s rays to make fire and to burn ants.

• Greeks and Romans use burning mirrors to light torches for religious purposes.

• Archimedes, used the reflective properties of bronze shields to focus sunlight and to set fire to wooden ships.

• Bath houses and sunrooms was created by windows facing through the sun to let in the sun’s warmth in Roman.

• Ancestors of Pueblo people in North America live in South facing cliff dwellings that capture the winter sun.

• 1896 - USA enclosed a tank in a wooden box, thus creating the first batch ‘water heater' as they are known today.

• 1988 - Dr. Alvin Marks receives patents for two solar power technologies he developed which are Lepcon and Lumeloid.

o Lepcon consists of glass panels covered with a vast array of millions of aluminum or copper strips, each less than a micron or thousandth of a millimeter wide.

o Lumeloid uses a similar approach but more cheaper, film-like sheets of plastic for the glass panels and covers the plastic with conductive polymers, long chains of molecular plastic units.

• 1992 - University of South Florida develops a 15.9% efficient thin-film photovoltaic cell made of cadmium telluride, breaking the 15% barrier for the first time for this technology.

• 1994 - First solar dish generator using a free-piston Stirling engine is tied to a utility grid.

• 1999 - National Renewable Energy Laboratory develops a photovoltaic solar cell that converts 32.3% of the sunlight that hits it into

electricity.

• 2000 - First Solar begins production in Perrysburg, Ohio, at the world’s largest photovoltaic manufacturing plant.

• 2001 - The National Space Development Agency of Japan, or NASDA, announces plans to develop a satellite-based solar power system that would beam energy back to Earth.

- Powerlight Corporation installs the largest rooftop solar power system in the United States, 1.18 megawatt system at the Santa

Rita Jail in Dublin, California.

• 2002 - NASA successfully conducts two tests of a solar-powered, remote-controlled aircraft called Pathfinder Plus.

• 2005 - Spain became the first country in the world to require the installation of photovoltaic electricity generation in new buildings.

• 2006 - The second country (after Israel) to require the installation of solar water heating systems.

Types of Solar Water Heating Systems

Active solar water Heating System

-Direct -Indirect

Passive Solar Heating System

-Batch system- Thermosiphon systems

ACTIVE

DIRECT

•A direct solar water heating system is a system where the water itself is circulated through the solar energy collectors when water needs to be heated

DIRECT SOLAR HEATING WATER

INDIRECT

•An indirect solar water heating system is a system where, instead of having the water itself circulate•  A heat-transfer fluid is circulated through the solar collectors•This heat-transfer fluid, typically propylene glycol, is then circulated through the water tank, where the water is heated.

BATCH SYSTEM

•consists of one or more metal water tanks painted with a heat absorbing black coating

•placed in an insulating box or container with a glass or plastic cover that admits sunlight to strike the tank directly

•use the existing house pressure to move water through the system

PASSIVE

• flat plate collector and a separate storage tank that must be located higher than the collector

• storage tank receives heated water coming from the top of the collector into the top of the storage tank.

• Colder water from the bottom of the storage tank will be drawn into the lower entry of the solar collector to replace the heated water that was thermosiphoned upward.

THERMOSIPHON SYSTEMS

Solar domestic hot water heating

Solar domestic hot water heating

Solar pool heating

Solar pool heating

Solar radiant infloor heating

Solar radiant infloor heating

UKM Medical Center

• 1750 evacuated tube solar collector to supply hot water to 1000 beds at hospital

• The tubes absorb the sunlight, thus the water supply passing through these heated up & routed to necessary areas for used

• Hot water used for washing & bathing & unused water stored for continuous used at night

Hot water heating system at UKM Medical Center

Ba Kelalan Highlands Microsolar Heater Project

• Microsolar M80VTHE Water Heater being installed Mar 2006 officially opened 31 March 2006

• able to produce hot water at 80oC to 98oC without any electricity backup even ambient air temperatures drop down to 14oC

• proven to work efficiently in the overcast cloudy and rainy climate

Ba Kelalan Highlands Microsolar Heater Project, Sarawak, Malaysia

1. Maintenance Maintenance costs are generally very low. Require little maintenance

2. Energy production Produce high energy Depends on the heat delivered by the sun at

a particular place

3. Environmental Benefits Zero pollution Avoided carbon dioxide emissions for energy

production

4. Cost effective Cost effective and economical Utilizes the energy from the sun Does not require any type of fuel to burn

1. Reliability• depends entirely on the weather

2. Location• Not every region of the country receives

enough sustained sunlight• Installations in colder areas also require

more, and costly, insulation to keep heat from radiating back out through windows

3. Cost• designing home to take advantage of solar

heating can be an expensive process• require remodeling, and even replacement of

interior and exterior walls, to get the best effect.

4. Design• require precisely configuring parts of your home

to take advantage of the angle of the sun• bad design can produce too much heat and

glare

Thank You