Welcome to our presentation

•Course name: Power Station •Topic:Solar Energy •Section:F•Submitted to:Rethwan Faiz (course instructor)

Solar energy

Solar power is energy from the sun that is converted into thermal or electrical energy.

Solar energy Originates with the thermonuclear fusion reactions occurring in the sun.

Solar energy

Solar energy is the cleanest and most abundant renewable energy source available, and the U.S. has some of the richest solar resources in the world. It is the radiation from the sun that is capable of producing heat, causing chemical reactions, or generating electricity. It is the largest source of energy received on Earth, but its intensity on the earth’s surface is quite low.

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Bio-fuelsHydro-basedNuclear

SOLAR(0.8%)

Windmills

Fossils

• Even then the energy demand met by using solar energy is very less.

Solar energy is rapidly becoming the ultimate energy source because of its non-polluting character and its inexhaustible supply which are in stark contrast to such fossil fuel sources as coal, oil, and natural gas. The spectrum of electromagnetic radiation striking the Earth's atmosphere spans a range of 100 nm to about 1 mm. This can be divided into five regions in increasing order of wavelengths:Ultraviolet C or (UVC) range, which spans a range of 100 to 280 nm. The term ultraviolet refers to the fact that the radiation is at higher frequency than violet light (and, hence also invisible to the human eye)

COMPOSITION

• The Sun emits EM radiation across most of the electromagnetic spectrum• The Sun does, however, emit X-rays, ultraviolet, visible light , infrared,

and even Radio waves.When ultraviolet radiation is not absorbed by the atmosphere or other protective coating, it can cause damage to the skin known as sunburn or trigger an adaptive change in human skin pigmentation.

This radiation can be converted either into: thermal energy or into electrical energy.Two main types of devices are used to capture solar energy and convert it into thermal energy:Flat-plate collectors and Concentrating collectors.The flat plate collectors are used for hot water heating and house heating.Concentrating collectors are used when higher temperatures are needed. That is, where they reflect and concentrate sunlight from a wide area.

•Solar energy can be converted to electricity using photovoltaic cells/ solar cells discovered in 1839 by 19 years old Becquerel.so edmin Becquerel dis covered the photo electric effect.his fathe dis that you can refine ores into pure metel using electrolysis,and his son,along with marie and pierre curie…•This converted energy is used to provide electricity for watches, calculators and cameras.The most officient solar cells that we have tend to find their way into outer space because efficiency is expensive,but it doesn,t matter how expensive something is when you are dealing with the international space station has

16115 ft long solar wings.all combined ,at peak ,these solar panels produce 120 kilowatts of electricity,which is a lot.and now I can tell just by looking into your eyesthat you have been filled with an ansatiable desire to know more about photovoltaic panels .

How do solar cells work?

By slightly altering the structure the atoms form in the material (through 'doping'), scientists can make a structure in which electrons are more likely to be broken free from their orbits. This is known as an n-type (negative) semiconductor. By putting this next to a p-type (positive) semiconductor, in which an electron is missing, a neutral region is formed through which the free electrons will flow when released. What this means in effect is that, when a photon of light is absorbed by the cell, the electrons that are released flow through this neutral region and into a metal conductor at the top of the cell. From this conductor they then flow down into an inverter which transfers the current into AC and then into your home to be used in appliances.

Photo-Voltaic (PV) cells are devices that convert sunlight to electricity, bypassing thermodynamic cycles and mechanical generators. PV stands for photo (light) and voltaic (electricity), whereby sunlight photons free electrons from common silicon

Photovolatic cell

Photovolatic panel

Solar Power System for the Home

It is undeniable that the Sun has been a great impact in the lives and cultures of mankind

from the very beginning of the age. In connection to that and as we all know, solar energy can be converted into forms of energy like electricity and heat. With that in mind, it has been a common thing nowadays to install a solar power system for people in their respective homes since it displays features which showcases its affordability, reliability and environmental impact reasons.

One of the main reasons why people gets and should get solar power system set up by reliable companies like Solar Panels Adelaide in their respective homes is that it promise lower utility bills. Installing a solar power system will surely reduce electric utility bills. Upon having this system set up in the homes, electricity from the usual source is no longer the main source of energy to run every appliance in the place. The size of the system installation may vary but rest assured that whatever the size of the system, electric bill savings will grow.

Photovoltaic SUDI shade is an autonomous and mobile station in France that provides energy for electric vehicles using solar energy.

USES OF SOLAR ENERGY• Heaters Green houses • Cars water pumps• Lights Desalination • Satellites Chilling• Dryers Solar ponds• Calculators Thermal Commercial use

• On an office building , roof areas can be covered with solar panels .

• Remote buildings such as schools , communities can make use of solar energy.

• In developing countries , this solar panels are very much useful.• Even on the highways , for every five kilometres ,solar

telephones are used.

Advantages of Solar Energy

1. Renewable Energy Source

Solar energy is a truly renewable energy source. It can be harnessed in all areas of the world and is available everyday. We cannot run out of solar energy, unlike some of the other sources of energy. Solar energy will be accessible as long as we have the sun, therefore sunlight will be available to us for at least 5 billion years, when according to scientists the sun is going to die.

2. Reduces Electricity Bills

Since you will be meeting some of your energy needs with the electricity your solar system has generated, your energy bills will drop. How much you save on your bill will be dependent on the size of the solar system and your electricity or heat usage. Moreover, not only will you be saving on the electricity bill, but if you generate more electricity than you use, the surplus will be exported back to the grid and you will receive bonus payments for that amount (considering that your solar panel system is connected to the grid). Savings can further grow if you sell excess electricity at high rates during the day and then buy electricity from the grid during the evening when the rates are lower.

3. Diverse Applications

Solar energy can be used for diverse purposes. You can generate electricity (photovoltaics) or heat (solar thermal). Solar energy can be used to produce electricity in areas without access to the energy grid, to distill water in regions with limited clean water supplies and to power satellites in space. Solar energy can also be integrated in the materials used for buildings. Not long ago Sharp introduced transparent solar energy windows.

4. Low Maintenance Costs

Solar energy systems generally don’t require a lot of maintenance. You only need to keep them relatively clean, so cleaning them a couple of times per year will do the job. Most reliable solar panel manufacturers give 20-25 years warranty. Also, as there are no moving parts, there is no wear and tear. The inverter is usually the only part that needs to changed after 5-10 years because it is continuously working to convert solar energy into electricity (solar PV) and heat (solar thermal). So, after covering the initial cost of the solar system, you can expect very little spending on maintenance and repair work.

5. Technology Development

Technology in the solar power industry is constantly advancing and improvements will intensify in the future. Innovations in quantum physics and nanotechnology can potentially increase the effectiveness of solar panels and double, or even triple, the electrical input of the solar power systems.

Disadvantages of Solar Energy

1. Cost

The initial cost for purchasing a solar system is fairly high. Although the UK government has introduced some schemes for encouraging the adoption of renewable energy sources, for example the the Feed-in Tariff, you still have to cover the upfront costs. This includes paying for solar panels, inverter, batteries, wiring and for the installation. Nevertheless, solar technologies are constantly developing, so it is safe to assume that prices will go down in the future.

2. Weather Dependent

Although solar energy can still be collected during cloudy and rainy days, the efficiency of the solar system drops. Solar panels are dependent on sunlight to effectively gather solar energy. Therefore, a few cloudy, rainy days can have a noticeable effect on the energy system. You should also take into account that solar energy cannot be collected during the night.

3. Solar Energy Storage Is Expensive

Solar energy has to be used right away, or it can be stored in large batteries. These batteries, used in off-the-grid solar systems, can be charged during the day so that the energy is used at night. This is good solution for using solar energy all day long but it is also quite expensive. In most cases it is smarter to just use solar energy during the day and take energy from the grid during the night (you can only do this if your system is connected to the grid). Luckily our energy demand is usually higher during the day so we can meet most of it with solar energy

4. Uses a Lot of SpaceThe more electricity you want to produce, the more solar panels you will need, because you want to collect as much sunlight as possible. Solar panels require a lot of space and some roofs are not big enough to fit the number of solar panels that you would like to have. An alternative is to install some of the panels in your yard but they need to have access to sunlight. Anyways, If you don’t have the space for all the panels that you wanted, you can just get a fewer and they will still be satisfying some of your energy needs.5. Associated with PollutionAlthough pollution related to solar energy systems is far less compared to other sources of energy, solar energy can be associated with pollution. Transportation and installation of solar systems have been associated with the emission of greenhouse gases. There are also some toxic materials and hazardous products used during the manufacturing process of solar photovoltaics, which can indirectly affect the environment. Nevertheless, solar energy pollutes far less than the other alternative energy sources.

Future of solar energy:Germany's solar programme has led to the installation of 40GW worth of solar power production

Future Transportation -High Speed Solar Airship, HSSA, solar energy, cargo transport

Thank you