Kavita Solar Energy Private Limited, New Delhi, Solar Energy Devices
Solar Energy
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Transcript of Solar Energy
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Solar Energy
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Solar energy has been an under-achiever
renewable sources
(non-nuclear)8%
wind0.5%
biomass 38%
hydroelectric 55 %
geothermal5%
solar1%
nuclear electric8%
coal22%
petroleum39% natural gas
23%
Source: U.S. Department of Energy
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http://symposium2011.serdp-estcp.org/Technical-Sessions/3C
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• 2500+ years – Passive – take advantage of ambient conditions
• 250+ years– Active Loop – capture, store, & deliver thermal
energy• 50+ years
– Photovoltaics – convert sunlight into electricity• 25+ years
– Hybrid Systems - concentrating collectors & others
Solar Energy Has A Long History
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Passive solar collectors can be as simple as a house designed to take advantage of daylighting.
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Passive solar heating recognizes the seasonal position of the sun.
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Passive Day Lighting System• tracking dish to collect
sunlight• visible spectrum
transmitted using fiber optics
• packaged like a fluorescent light
• commercialization underway by Oak Ridge Lab
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Active loops capture, store, and distribute heat.
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Subtle details influence energy recovery for active loops
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Photovoltaics capture, store, and distribute electricity.
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How does a photovoltaic cell work?
http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2002/solarcells.htm
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Optimum Mounting Angle
• Solar tracking systems improve overall efficiency up to 30% by keeping panels perpendicular to the sun.
• A fixed panel set at the same angle as the latitude of the site will receive the maximum annual solar radiation.
• If the load demand is high in the winter (northern hemisphere), set the panel tilt at latitude plus 15°.
• If the load demand is higher in the summer (northern hemisphere) set the array tilt angle at latitude minus 15°.
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Solana 280 MW CSP plant in Arizona3 square miles of mirrors
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Solar Energy Influenced by:
• atmospheric conditions• geographic location• time of day• pollution• season
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Solar energy is impressive on sunny days…
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…but there’s not much solar energy on cloudy days
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Solar energy
changes seasonally
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Sizing a Photovoltaic Array
daily energy requirements (kW-hr)/dayArray Size in kW =
Electric Loads
How much solar energy is available?
Average sunshine hours (hr/day)
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Quantifying Home Electric Loads• Search using some of the following terms
– Residential– Electric– Calculator
• http://www.nhec.com/residential_energycalculators.php• http://www.tampaelectric.com/TEHMEnergySaversCalc.html
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Web-Based PV Array Sizing
• Combine the power of – Mapping programs– PV sizing algorithms– Satellite-based weather data– Databases of rebates, tax credits, and other
incentives• http://www.nrel.gov/eis/imby/
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Solar energy challenges
• Better methods of energy storage
• Cheaper manufacturing methods
• Better installation techniques
• Higher efficiency
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Is solar energy a viable option?
pro’s• free, renewable, and
non-polluting• provides day-
lighting, heat, & electricity
• low maintenance• independence
con’s• more expensive
than conventional power
• energy source fluctuatesmust evaluate
case-by-case