Topic: SOLAR DESALINATION

CONTENTS

Introduction of Desalination Suitable Solar technologies for desalination Desalination techniques Conclusions and Technical challenges to Solar

powered desalination.

DESALINATON

Desalination is the process of removing dissolved minerals from sea water, brackish ground water or treated waste water.

WHY DESALINATION ?

97.5 % ocean water not drinkable, 2% frozen fresh water, 0.5 % available fresh water.

By 2030,2/3rd of the world population will be suffering from water shortages

[HSBC optimized Global water index,2008 ]

The Worlds Wate3% Fresh Water

World Water Resources

Salt Water

Fresh Water

WHY DESALINATION ?

• Fresh water Reserves 500 to 1000 ppm salinity; fresh water constitutes only 3%-

5% of the world’s water [ADA, 2002].• Rapidly Diminishing Accessible Freshwater

Reserves The high rate of population growth and climate

change presents increased need for freshwater, and in the next decades many further areas of the world are expected also to require substantial use of desalination

Solar Energy Technologies

• Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems which collect solar power and transform this energy into

electrical power ([Chaabane, 2013]).• Solar Concentrating Systems which collect solar power and transfer this to heat energy

(perhaps the most extensive surveys on solar thermal systems is [NREL, 2003],

Solar Energy factors

• Cost-Effectiveness The Shoaiba Desalination Plant in Saudi Arabia constructed in

2003 is the world’s largest desalination plant with a capacity of 150 million m³/year. this plant uses non-renewable power is from oil-fired turbines,

• Energy-Efficiency• Challenges

Desalination Technologies

The multi-stage flash(MSF) process• The multiple-effect boiling(MEB)process• The vapour compression(VC)process]• Reverse osmosis(RO)• Electrodialysis(ED)

Conclusion

Solar energy coupled to desalination offers a promising prospects for covering the fundamental needs of power water in remote regions.

References

[AbKadir, 2010] AbKadir MZA, Rafeeu Y, Adam NM. Prospective scenarios for the full solar energy development in Malaysia. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2010;14:3023–31.

[Al-Sahlawi, 1999] Al-Sahlawi MA. Sea water desalination in Saudia Arabia: economic review and demand projection. Elsever Desalination 1999;123:143–7.

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, (2015). DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.03.065

Seawater desalination is described in [Al-sofi, 2011]